Download Abdomen Ultrasound Registry Review Test and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
review test (270 terms)
What are leukocytes? - Answer white blood cells what refers to auto transplantation of the splenic tissue in the peritoneal cavity when the spleen ruptures or splenectomy? - Answer selenosis what is the most common congenital pancreatic anomaly? - Answer pancreas divisum what is pancreas divisum? - Answer when two embryonic pancreatic buds do not fuse properly and separate portions of the gland form with separate ductal systems what are adrenal rests associated with? - Answer cushing syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia how do adrenal rests appear? - Answer hypoechoic multifocal masses with wheel spoke vascularity what is an incidentaloma? - Answer an unexpected mass found during imaging procedure
review test (270 terms)
which polycystic disease is always fatal? - Answer autosomal recessive polycystic disease (ARPKD). what is autosomal recessive polycystic disease (ARPKD). - Answer a disease where the kidney tissue is completely replaced by microscopic cyst that render the kidneys non-functional in-utero and at birth ductal walls are considered abnormally thickened if the measure.... - Answer > 2mm what is prothrombin time (PT)? - Answer its measured to detect levels of clotting factors of the blood what is thrombin? - Answer a clotting agent for the blood what does increased prothrombin time indicate? - Answer a longer time to form a clot
review test (270 terms)
what happens to the caudate lobe in a cirrhotic liver? - Answer it enlarges as the right and left lobes shut down how does an insulinoma effect the the body? - Answer it causes an increase of insulin in the blood stream leading to hypoglycemia(low blood sugar) how does an insulinoma cause hypoglycemia? - Answer insulinoma increases insulin in the blood --> insulin absorbs glucose from the blood--> increased insulin means more glucose being absorbed--> hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - Answer acute tubular necrosis what is the most common cause of chronic renal failure? - Answer diabetes what is cirrhosis commonly associated with? - Answer hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC)
review test (270 terms)
an increase of AFP is commonly associated with...? - Answer primary malignancy of the liver What is Mirrizzi Syndrome? - Answer caused by obstruction of the cystic duct what is courvoisier gallbladder related to? - Answer obstruction of the distal CBD why do focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) tumors form? - Answer due to hyperplasia of normal liver cells that are arranged abnormally. How do FNHs appear sonographically? - Answer Isoechoic to mildly hypoechoic, commonly with a central scar and spoke wheel vascularity what ducts would be obstructed by a mass in the head of the pancreas? - Answer the CBD and pancreatic duct? the double duct sign is commonly associated with what? - Answer pancreatic adenocarcinoma
review test (270 terms)
nausea vomiting leukocytosis fever leads to an abnormally enlarged GB with thicken walls the formation of blood-filled cavities in the liver tissue is known as what? - Answer peliosis hepatis what are exudative pleural effusions? - Answer complex collections with internal debris and septations. may be multiloculated with the honey comb appearance what are transudative pleural effusions? - Answer anechoic or hypoechoic fluid collections without septations a mass that presents with a bulls eye appearance within the liver tissue is most likely what? - Answer metastasis from a primary cancer of another organ polycystic liver disease is commonly seen with..? - Answer renal cyst formation
review test (270 terms)
the pancreas and spleen can also show cystic changes what causes echinoccal or hydatid cysts? - Answer a parasitic infection related to contact with contaminated animal feces or ingestion of raw pork. most common in 3rd world countries. What is schistosomiasis? - Answer a water fluke parasite commonly found in polluted waters of mediterranean countries. it presents as diffuse thickening of the walls of the vessels of the portal system that eventually leads to portal hypertension what is the most likely primary cancer to spread to the spleen? - Answer melanoma what are the most common primary carcinomas seen with splenic metastasis? - Answer lung and breast what is the #1 risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma? - Answer primary sclerosing cholangitis
review test (270 terms)
type 2: involves ascending aorta; associated with marfans syndrome type 3: involves descending aorta; lowest mortality rate What are Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses associated with? - Answer adenomyomatosis Courvoisier GB refers to...? - Answer an enlarged non-tender GB caused by a distal obstruction both cirrhosis and budd-chiari can cause compensatory enlargement of what? - Answer the caudate lobe what causes emphysematous cholecystitis? - Answer a bacterial infection of the GB what is one of the most common surgical procedure in the US with most patients being males under the age of 1 - Answer herniorrhaphy (hernia repair) what is the immune system disorder that causes a reduction in saliva and tear production? - Answer sjogren syndrome
review test (270 terms)
what do malignant tumors usually demonstrate during a contrast enhanced study? - Answer hypervascular enhancement (rapid uptake of more contrast than the normal liver). contrast enhancement during the arterial phase but rapid contrast washout during the venous phase what condition is being described? multiple polyps in the GB wall that do not demonstrate comet tail artifact. - Answer cholesterolosis (strawberry GB) what condition is being described? a thickened GB wall with cholesterol deposits that demonstrate comet tail artifact
- Answer adenomyomatosis what is the most common location for a pancreatic allograft? - Answer the right iliac fossa a large gallstone in the duodenum that causes an obstruction of the gastric outlet is referred to as? - Answer bouveret syndrome
review test (270 terms)
psuedoaneursym ascities what lab value may be increased by an adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and cholangitis? - Answer direct bilirubin what does direct bilirubin indicate? - Answer the bilirubin has already been processed by the liver what does indirect bilirubin indicate? - Answer the bilirubin has not been processed by the liver, further indicating liver disease what is the most common location of a pancreatic pseudocyst? - Answer in the tail of the pancreas a prominent focal bulge on the lateral border of the left kidney is known as? - Answer a dromedary hump What is nephrocalcinosis? - Answer the deposition of calcium salts in the parenchyma of the kidney
review test (270 terms)
it presents as hyperechoic renal pyramids that may shadow what is hyperaldosteronism also known as conn disease/syndrome? - Answer increased aldosterone levels can lead to multiple small round hypoechoic masses in the adrenal cortex papillary necrosis refers to what? - Answer ischemia of the medullary pyramids. what is the most common cause of papillary necrosis? - Answer analgesic abuse (abuse of pain killers) Where does benign prostatic hyperplasia occur? - Answer in the transitional zone where do carcinoma of the prostate and prostatitis most commonly occur? - Answer in the peripheral zone what lab value does benign prostatic hyperplasia cause to increase? - Answer prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood
review test (270 terms)
how does macronodular cirrhosis present? - Answer multiple nodules 1-5 cm in size usually associated with chronic viral hepatitis what is the olive sign? - Answer enlarged pylorus palpable in an infant, feels like an olive in size and shape what is the doughnut sign? - Answer used to describe the cross sectional appearance of the pylorus on ultrasound what is the cervix sign? - Answer used to describe the longitudinal sectional appearance of the pylorus on the ultrasound what syndrome refers to the formation of gastrinomas in the pancreas and duodenum - Answer Zollinger-Ellison syndrome the tumors secrete gastrin which stimulates the stomach to over produce acid.
review test (270 terms)
what can be indirect signs of pancreatic adenocarcinoma? - Answer biliary ductal dilatation, pancreatic ductal dilation, courvoisier GB (palpable GB), and liver metastasis lack of fetal urine production in utero is the first sign of what condition? - Answer PCKD what is hemolytic anemia associated with? - Answer the formation of gallstones the accelerated breakdown of RBC's into excess bilirubin causes risk for stone formation. sickle cell is a type of hemolytic anemia what does multicystic kidney disease result from? - Answer an insult of the kidney during embryonic development usually related to UPJ obstruction an increase in aortic diamenter of .6cm or greater indicates what? - Answer a possible endoleak who do pyloric stenosis most commonly affect? - Answer males 2-10 weeks old
review test (270 terms)
Primary GB carcinoma presents as: - Answer a solid mass within the GB with coexisting stones metastasis of the GB presents as: - Answer a solid mass within the GB with no stones what does cholangitis lead to? - Answer diffuse thickening of the walls of the biliary tree; which leads to diffuse dilation of the entire biliary tree what does cholangiocarcinoma lead to? - Answer a focal area of mass formation within the wall biliary tree that invades surrounding liver tissue; this causes focal areas of intrahepatic ductal wall thickening and dilation What is pneumocystis carinii caused by and who does it commonly affect?? - Answer caused by a yeast-like fungal infection, and commonly affects patients with AIDS or suppressed immune systems the accumulation of serous fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis describes what? - Answer hydrocele
review test (270 terms)
Who are hydroceles common in? - Answer newborns (congenital) but can be seen in adults with infection/ inflammation (aquired) what is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain? - Answer hydrocele how does acute tubular necrosis present? - Answer as enlarged kidneys with prominent pyramids. the parenchymal vessels will demonstrate increase resistance and resistive index = decreased diastolic flow how does an infarct appear sonographically? - Answer will affect a wedge shaped area of parenchyma and cause decreased echogenicity, older infarcts can be more echogenic how does adrenal cortical carcinoma usually present? - Answer as a complex adrenal mass, solid and cystic components cause a very irregular appearance what conditions may cause severe splenomegaly? - Answer leukemia, lymphoma, and myelefibrosis typically due to multiple solid tumors being present markedly increasing the spleen size
