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Abnormal Behavior I-Introduction to Psycology-Lecture Handout, Exercises of Introduction to Psychology

National Center For Biological Sciences Introduction to Psychology

Introduction to Psychology course introduces terms like abnormal behavior, cognition approach, emotions, endocrine, forensic psychology, memory issues, operand, nervous system, perception, personality, sensation, sport psychology, sensation. This lecture includes: Abnormal, Behavior, Sense, Personal, Discomfort, Abnormality, Inability, Function, Legal, Definition, Laws

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Introduction to Psychology –PSY101

Definitions of Abnormal Behavior

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR I

VU

Lesson 36

3. A Sense of Personal Discomfort Seen As Abnormality

• A person is seen as abnormal if his thoughts and behavior are a source of discomfort for him.

• Discomfort can be in the form of anxiety, distress, or guilt.

4. Inability to function effectively

• People, who cannot function and perform as effectively as they ought to, are seen as abnormal.

• This definition includes adjusting, and adapting to the social requirements.

5. The Legal Definition of Abnormality

• Laws in different countries define abnormality according to their legal standards.

• It is primarily needed for differentiating sanity from insanity.

• Abnormality may be viewed as not being able to foresee and understand the consequences of

the criminal act.

• Or it can be taken as inability to control one’s own thoughts and behaviors.

• Or it can be the ability to see right as different from wrong.

Perspectives on Abnormality

• Approaches to studying, describing, understanding, explaining, and predicting abnormality.

• These approaches affect the way a mental patient will be treated.

1. Medical Perspective

• Psychological problems are caused by physiological factors.

• These can be the biological processes and systems, genetic factors, the nervous system and the

neurotransmitters, hormonal changes, or external variables affecting the biology of a person.

2. Psychodynamic Perspective

• Childhood experiences are the root cause of mental disorders.

• Unconscious determinants are significant.

3. Behavioral Perspective

• Abnormal behavior is learned.

• Abnormality is a learned response.

• It results from our interaction with the external world.

4. Cognitive Perspective

• The factors causing mental disorders are a person’s cognitions, thoughts, and beliefs.

5. Humanistic Perspective

• People’s need to self-actualize, and their responsibility for their own actions, play a central role

208

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Discover Exercises of Introduction to Psychology National Center For Biological Sciences

Partial preview of the text

Download Abnormal Behavior I-Introduction to Psycology-Lecture Handout and more Exercises Introduction to Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Definitions of Abnormal Behavior

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR I

Lesson 36

3. A Sense of Personal Discomfort Seen As Abnormality

• A person is seen as abnormal if his thoughts and behavior are a source of discomfort for him.

• Discomfort can be in the form of anxiety, distress, or guilt.

4. Inability to function effectively

• People, who cannot function and perform as effectively as they ought to, are seen as abnormal.

• This definition includes adjusting, and adapting to the social requirements.

5. The Legal Definition of Abnormality

• Laws in different countries define abnormality according to their legal standards.

• It is primarily needed for differentiating sanity from insanity.

• Abnormality may be viewed as not being able to foresee and understand the consequences of

the criminal act.

• Or it can be taken as inability to control one’s own thoughts and behaviors.

• Or it can be the ability to see right as different from wrong.

Perspectives on Abnormality

• Approaches to studying, describing, understanding, explaining, and predicting abnormality.

• These approaches affect the way a mental patient will be treated.

1. Medical Perspective

• Psychological problems are caused by physiological factors.

• These can be the biological processes and systems, genetic factors, the nervous system and the

neurotransmitters, hormonal changes, or external variables affecting the biology of a person.

2. Psychodynamic Perspective

• Childhood experiences are the root cause of mental disorders.

• Unconscious determinants are significant.

3. Behavioral Perspective

• Abnormal behavior is learned.

• Abnormality is a learned response.

• It results from our interaction with the external world.

4. Cognitive Perspective

• The factors causing mental disorders are a person’s cognitions, thoughts, and beliefs.

5. Humanistic Perspective

• People’s need to self-actualize, and their responsibility for their own actions, play a central role

docsity.com

in abnormality behavior.

6. Sociocultural Perspective

• The social milieu in which one lives, the family and the people around, the society, and the

culture at large are of primary importance in the onset, and later treatment, of mental illness

Classification of Mental Disorders

• Kraepelin gave the first classification system of mental disorders.

• A number of classification systems followed afterwards.

• The purpose was to assist the clinicians diagnose mental disorders, as well as to determine the

extent of the problem.

Classification Systems

• DSM- IV- TR

• ICD

DSM-IV-TR

• Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders is the classification system compiled by

the American Psychiatric Association.

• This is the most widely used classification system all over the world.

ICD: International Classification

• For decades, mental health professionals in Western Europe and a major part of the world used

this classification system.

• The World Health Organization developed ICD.

• ICD is a comprehensive classification system of all kinds of diseases, including psychological or psychiatric illnesses.

• For a number of years ICD9 remained a popular diagnostic system.

• Research, in the last more than a decade, reflected that the revised and improved versions of

DSM had an edge over ICD in many respects.

• Besides, there were no major differences as such in the two systems.

• Also, the need for a single universally accepted system was intensely felt.

• Therefore today DSM-IV-TR is recognized as a universally accepted diagnostic system.

DSM-IV-TR

• The first DSM was published in 1917.

• It originated from a project of the American Medico-Psychological Association, now known as

American psychiatric Association and United States Bureau of the Census.

• In order to collect uniform data on hospitalized mental patients, they developed a list of 59

mental illnesses.

• The list was further expanded with the publication of the first DSM in 1952.

• The first DSM included a list of 106 mental illnesses.

• DSM-II was published in 1968.

• DSM-III was published in 1980.

• DSM-III-R was published in 1987. docsity.com

Dry mouth
Memory problems
Nightmares
Irritability
Fatigue
Sweating
Muscle tension
Insomnia

Common causes are

Imagined threat
Grief
Physical or emotional stress
Use of drugs
Withdrawal from drugs. Subcategories of Anxiety Disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post- traumatic stress disorder

Treatment can be done through

Finding the actual cause of anxiety.
Avoid becoming dependent on mood altering drugs.
Avoid stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, alcohol etc.
Biofeedback and relaxation therapy.
Aerobic exercises.
Avoid the effects that have been produced due to anxiety, if anxiety is cured, the

other symptoms will be resolved automatically. Generalized Anxiety Disorders

The disorder marked by long-term, persistent, anxiety and worry.

• It refers to the long- term anxiety in which there is continual and exaggerated state within the

person due to which he/ she is continually tense, apprehensive and in automatic nervous

system arousal.

• Chronic form of anxiety disorders.

Causes include

Hereditary causes,
Or this disorder begins at very early age and the revealing of the symptoms is gradual not burst.

Treatment involves

Medications and use of psychotherapy,
Exposure therapy,
Behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Symptoms involve

People with this disorder are unable to relax,
Insomnia
Trembling,
Muscle tension,

docsity.com

Head aches, sweating,
Twitching,
Trembling,
Feel tiredness,
Depression etc. Panic Disorder

• Disorder in which anxiety is manifested in the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds

to many hours.

• Panic attacks are unpredictable; resulting from vague anxiety and that may accompany

physiological manifestations.

• Symptoms include:

Dizziness and/or fainting
Sweating
Trembling
Palpitation
Nausea
Choking
Fear of dying
Fear of being out of control
Skin blushing or flushing
Chest pain and discomfort
Sleep disturbances
Agitation
Facial paralysis etc. Causes involve
- Use of drugs and stimulants.
- As a result of some incident or risk factor.
- The exact cause of panic attacks is still not known; may result due to temporal dysfunction of the brain or may have been learnt through past experiences.
- More frequent in women than men.

Prognosis: The disorder is difficult to treat and long- lasting as well, but behavioral therapies and use of drugs can minimize the symptoms.

Phobias

• Phobias are the particular, persistent, irrational and intense paralyzing fear of some objects and

situations that they are unable to explain and overcome; and that may occur without any actual

cause.

Symptoms include

Perspiration
Frustration,
Rapid heart beat
Headaches etc.

Abnormal Behavior I-Introduction to Psycology-Lecture Handout, Exercises of Introduction to Psychology

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Abnormal Behavior I-Introduction to Psycology-Lecture Handout and more Exercises Introduction to Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR I

• A person is seen as abnormal if his thoughts and behavior are a source of discomfort for him.

• Discomfort can be in the form of anxiety, distress, or guilt.

• People, who cannot function and perform as effectively as they ought to, are seen as abnormal.

• This definition includes adjusting, and adapting to the social requirements.

• Laws in different countries define abnormality according to their legal standards.

• It is primarily needed for differentiating sanity from insanity.

• Abnormality may be viewed as not being able to foresee and understand the consequences of

• Or it can be taken as inability to control one’s own thoughts and behaviors.

• Or it can be the ability to see right as different from wrong.

• Approaches to studying, describing, understanding, explaining, and predicting abnormality.

• These approaches affect the way a mental patient will be treated.

• Psychological problems are caused by physiological factors.

• These can be the biological processes and systems, genetic factors, the nervous system and the

• Childhood experiences are the root cause of mental disorders.

• Unconscious determinants are significant.

• Abnormal behavior is learned.

• Abnormality is a learned response.

• It results from our interaction with the external world.

• The factors causing mental disorders are a person’s cognitions, thoughts, and beliefs.

• People’s need to self-actualize, and their responsibility for their own actions, play a central role

docsity.com

• The social milieu in which one lives, the family and the people around, the society, and the

• Kraepelin gave the first classification system of mental disorders.

• A number of classification systems followed afterwards.

• The purpose was to assist the clinicians diagnose mental disorders, as well as to determine the

• DSM- IV- TR

• ICD

DSM-IV-TR

• Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders is the classification system compiled by

• This is the most widely used classification system all over the world.

• For decades, mental health professionals in Western Europe and a major part of the world used

• The World Health Organization developed ICD.

• ICD is a comprehensive classification system of all kinds of diseases, including psychological or psychiatric illnesses.

• For a number of years ICD9 remained a popular diagnostic system.

• Research, in the last more than a decade, reflected that the revised and improved versions of

• Besides, there were no major differences as such in the two systems.

• Also, the need for a single universally accepted system was intensely felt.

• Therefore today DSM-IV-TR is recognized as a universally accepted diagnostic system.

DSM-IV-TR

• The first DSM was published in 1917.

• It originated from a project of the American Medico-Psychological Association, now known as

• In order to collect uniform data on hospitalized mental patients, they developed a list of 59

• The list was further expanded with the publication of the first DSM in 1952.

• The first DSM included a list of 106 mental illnesses.

• DSM-II was published in 1968.

• DSM-III was published in 1980.

• DSM-III-R was published in 1987. docsity.com

other symptoms will be resolved automatically. Generalized Anxiety Disorders

• It refers to the long- term anxiety in which there is continual and exaggerated state within the

person due to which he/ she is continually tense, apprehensive and in automatic nervous

• Chronic form of anxiety disorders.

docsity.com

• Disorder in which anxiety is manifested in the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds

to many hours.

• Panic attacks are unpredictable; resulting from vague anxiety and that may accompany

• Symptoms include:

• Phobias are the particular, persistent, irrational and intense paralyzing fear of some objects and

cause.

docsity.com