Abnormal Behavior Problems - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Abnormal Behavior Problems - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

ADHD and Learning Disorders

Abnormal Behavior Problems

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity

Disorder (ADHD)

• What comes to mind when you hear ADHD?

ADHD Subtypes

• Not all children with ADHD are hyperactive!
  • 2 clusters of symptoms: Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Inattention
• 3 Subtypes of ADHD
  • ADHD/HI
  • ADHD/IA
  • ADHD/C

ADHD Prevalence and Course

• 4% to 12%
• Boys:girls 3:1 to 8:
• 68% continue in adulthood
• Persistence of inattention
  • Decline in hyperactivity/impulsivity

Associated Features

• Academic failure/underachievement
• Peer rejection, low self-esteem
• Occupational underachievement
  • Fired, job change
• Disorganized
• Smoking, drug use
• Car accidents, tickets

A Real Disorder?

• Symptoms are atypical
  • Functional impairments
  • Associated features
• Symptoms can be measured reliably

• 90% test-retest reliability - Moderate inter-rater reliability

Treatment of ADHD

• Stimulants
  • 90% response
  • Helpful with impulsive aggression
  • Not addictive if used appropriately
  • MTA
• Environmental
  • Parent Education
  • Structured environment

Over/Under-Diagnosed?

• Increase in diagnoses
• Disorder du jour
• Political decisions
• Community-based studies
• Treatment adherence

Learning Disorders

History

• Rutter and Yule (1975)
  • Poor readers with low IQ had more global neurodevelopmental abnormalities, but better acquisition of reading and spelling than children with average ability language but with delays in language and speech

Prevalence

• The overall prevalence of LD is estimated to be between 2 and 10% - Approximately 5% of children have identified LD in public schools

Gender Differences

• Boys>Girls
• Among those with LD:
  • Females generally have a lower IQ, and perform more poorly in math and reading, better in writing
  • Males tend to perform better in math

Associated Features

• Social skills, demoralization, low self-esteem
• Dropout rate as high as 40%
• Conduct
• Attention
• Internalizing symptoms
• Important predictors of classroom failure