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Master Chapter 1 with this comprehensive glossary. Defines key terms like comorbidity, etiology, and experimental design. Perfect for exam prep. Abnormal Psychology, Psychology Notes, Chapter 1 Glossary, Hooley Textbook, Psychopathology Terms, Study Guide, College Notes, Digital Download, Psychology Definitions, Research Methods, Exam Prep, Therapy Resources, Mental Health Study
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ABAB Design
Abnormal psychology
An experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a baseline pe- riod (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B) Field of psychology concerned with the study, assessment, treatment, and pre- vention of abnormal behavior Used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense symptoms Studies in which a researcher attempts Analogue studies
Bias
Case study
Chronic
Comorbidity
Comparison/control group
to emulate the conditions hypothesized as leading to abnormality Occurs when the researcher has precon- ceived ideas and expectations that influ- ence the observations he or she makes in the research study An in-depth examination of an individual or family that draws from a number of data sources, including interviews and psychological testing Used to describe a longstanding or fre- quently recurring disorder, often with pro- gressing seriousness Occurrence of two or more identified dis- orders in the same psychologically disor- dered individual Group of subjects who do not exhibit the disorder being studied but who are comparable in all other respects to the criterion group. Also, a comparison group of subjects who do not receive a condi- tion or treatment the effects of which are being stated
Acute
gether.
der under study
Correlation Tendency of two variables to change to-
A statistic that ranges from +1 to -1 and Correlation coefficient
Correlational research
reflects the degree of association be- tween two variables. Examines whether and how variables go together (co-vary) without manipulation (changing) any variables
Criterion group Group of subjects who exhibit the disor-
The factor that is observed to change Dependent variable
Direct observation
Double-blind study
with changes in the manipulated (inde- pendent) variables Method of collecting research data that involves directly observing behavior in a given situation A condition where neither the subject nor the experimenter has knowledge about what specific experimental condition (or drug) that subject is receiving The strength if the relationship between two variables in a statistical population Study of the distribution of diseases, dis- Epidemiology orders, or health-related behaviors in a given population Factors that are related to the develop- ment (or cause) of a particular disorder Involves the manipulation of a given fac- Experimental research
External validity
tor or variable with everything else held constant The extent to which the findings from a single study are relevant to other popu- lations, contexts, or times
Effect size
Etiology
Nomenclature A formalized naming system The total number of cases of a health-re- 1-year prevalence
Placebo treatment
Point prevalence
Positive Correlation
Prevalence
Prospective research
Random assignment
lated state or condition in a population for a given year Positive effect experienced after an in- active treatment is administered in such a way that a person thinks he or she is receiving an active treatment The number of cases of a specific con- dition or disorder that can be found in a population at one given point in time A relationship between two variables such that a high score on one variable is associated with a high score on another variable In a population, the proportion of active cases of a disorder that can be identified at a given point in time or during a given period Method that often focuses on individuals who have a higher-than-average likeli- hood of becoming psychologically disor- dered before abnormal behavior is ob- served A procedure used to create equivalent groups in which every research partici- pant has an equal chance of being as- signed to any group in the study An approach that attempts to retrace ear- lier events in the life of a subject The process of selecting a representa- Sampling tive subgroup from a defined population of interest
Self-report data
Retrospective research
Data collected directly from participants, typically by means of interviews or ques- tionnaires An experimental design (e.g., an ABAB design) that involves only one subject A measure of the probability that a re- Statistical significance
Stereotyping
search finding could have occured by chance alone The tendency to jump to conclusions (of- ten negative) about what a person is like based on the beliefs about that group that exist (often incorrectly)in the culture (e.g., French people are rude, homosex- uals have good taste in clothes, and pa- tients with mental illness are dangerous) Stigma Negative labeling The problem of making causal infer- ences in correlational research, where Third variable problem the correlation between two variables could be due to their shared correlation with an unmeasured third variable
Single-case research design