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Liane Marie Barretto Ong AB Psychology 3P ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE NOTES DISORDER SYMPTOMS SPECIFIER ADDITIONAL NOTES NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) ● Deficits in general mental abilities ● Impairment in everyday adaptive functioning in comparison to the individual’s age, gender, and socioculturally matched peers The taking of the IQ test (>70) was deemphasized in DSM-5 and focused on how impairments of general mental abilities impact adaptive functioning in 3 domains: conceptual, social, and practical.
Global Developmental Delay ● individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning ● Individuals who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning, including children who are too young to participate in standardized testing ● Under the age of 5 Unspecified Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Development Disorder) ● Who have significant intellectual or general developmental delay or disability and who cannot be reliably assessed ● Used in persons over age 5 Communication Disorders Language Disorder Language Disorder is a child’s delay in using spoken and written language which is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect and trouble in comprehension.
● Symptoms onset is in the early developmental period
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder ● Stuttering ● Disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual’s age and language skills Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder ● Deficits in using communication for social purposes, such as greeting and sharing information, in a manner that is appropriate for the social context ● Impairment of the ability to change communication to match context ● Difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling ● Difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated Unspecified Communication Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder ● persistent deficits in reciprocal social ● With or without Major characteristics of autism spect r um diso r de r:
communication, in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and in developing, managing, and understanding relationships ○ Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ○ Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interactions ○ Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships ● restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities ○ Stereotype or repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech ○ Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or accompa nying intellect ual impairm ent ● With or without accompa nying language impairm ent ● Associate d with a known medical or genetic conditio n or environ mental social deficiency and the 3 r 's:
- rigid
- restrictive
- repetitive rett’s Disorder ● More seen in females ● More complex form of autism spectrum disorder Childhood disintegrative disorder (Heller’s Syndrome) ● Symptoms of asd when child is older than 3 ● Late onset of ASD Asperger’s ● High functioning ASD ● Don’t have severe symptoms but still
manifested as wandering off task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and is it due to deficiency or lack of comprehension ○ Hyperactivity - excessive motor activity when it is not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping, or talkativeness. In adults, hyperactivity may manifest as extreme restlessness or wearing others out with their activity ○ Impulsivity - hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and that have high potential for harm to the individual. It may reflect a desire for immediate rewards or an inability to delay gratification
Other Specified Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Unspecified Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Specific Learning Disorder ● persistent difficulties in learning and using academic skills ● IQ is intact yet there is difficulty Or inability in arithmetic, writing, or reading. ● Impairment with r eading: dyslexia ○ May include word (^) reading accuracy, reading rate or fluency and reading comprehension ● Impairment with w r itten exp r ession ○ May include spelling accuracy, grammar and ● onset during the developmental period
Developmental Coordination Disorder ● deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills ● is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with activities of daily living Stereotypic Movement Disorder ● repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposely motor behaviors, such as hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self biting or hitting. ● The movements interfere with social, academic, or other activities. If the behaviors cause self-injury, this should be specified as part of the diagnostic description Tic Disorders Tourette’s Disorders ● the individual has both motor and vocal tics must present ○ Motor Tics: ■ Eye blinking ■ Facial twitches
■ Shoulder shrugging ○ Vocal Tics ■ Grunting ■ Coprolalia ■ Tongue clicking Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder ● a person experiences single or multiple occurrences of either motor or verbal tics, but not both, for a period lasting more than one year. ● more than one year. Provisional Tic Disorder (transient tic disorder) ● can have motor and/or vocal tics, or both, but have had their symptoms less than 1 year. ● less than 1 year Other Specified Tic Disorder Unspecified Tic Disorder Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder
in similar circumstances in the individual’s culture ● Without marked stressor(s) ○ If symptoms do not occur to events that would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the individual’s culture ● With postpartum onset ○ If onset is during
pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum Schizophreniform Disorder ● 2 or more of the following. At least one of them must be 1, 2, or 3
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thinking (speech)
- Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)
- Negative symptoms ● Duration: 1 month but less than 6 months ● If symptoms will reach 6 months = diagnosis will be schizophreniform provisional Schizophrenia ● 2 or more of the following. At least one of them must be 1, 2, or 3
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thinking (speech)
- Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)
- Negative symptoms ● Duration: symptoms should last for at least 6 months
Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition ● due to another medical condition, the psychotic symptoms are judged to be a direct psychological consequence of another medical condition Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder (Catatonia Specifier) ● It does not recognize Catatonia as a separate disorder, but instead as a specifier that can go along with another mental health condition. This might include neurodevelopmental (brain) disorders, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, or psychotic disorders. when 3 or more of the following are present: ○ Stupor - no body movements and not actively responding to the world around them ○ Catalepsy - taking a body position and holding it against gravity ○ Waxy Flexibility - resisting being moved or put in a position by
another person ○ Mutism - no or very little talking ○ Negativism - ignoring or having no response to instructions or the world around them ○ spontaneous taking and holding a position that goes against gravity ○ Mannerism - odd or cartoon- like behaviors or actions ○ Stereotypy - (^) repetitive, very frequent movements that are not directed toward achieving a particular goal ○ Agitation - that does not happen because of anything around them ○ Grimacing - making faces ○ Echolalia - mimicking what another person is saying or how they are saying it ○ Echopraxia - mimicking another
like behaviors or actions ○ Stereotypy - repetitive, very frequent movements that are not directed toward achieving a particular goal ○ Agitation - that does not happen because of anything around them ○ Grimacing - making faces ○ Echolalia - mimicking what another person is saying or how they are saying it ○ Echopraxia - mimicking another person's movements ● There is evidence that the disturbance is pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition ● Disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder Unspecified Catatonia
Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder ● Can be used in situations in which an individual has symptoms characteristics of a spectrum disorder that cause distress or impairment but that do not meet full criteria for a more specific disorder ● In this case, the clinician chooses to communicate the reason that individual’s symptoms do not meet criteria Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder ● Used when the clinician chooses not to specify the reason that criteria are not met for a more specific disorder ● Or when there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis Bipolar and related Disorders Manic Episode ● A distinct period of abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or
