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ABSA Study guide
- Which is not considered part of a sterile field? - Answer- Gloves of sterile person who has folded his arms
- The presence of only one living microorganism means an object is: - Answer- Contaminated
- Which statement concerning masks is not true? - Answer- Ties may be tied crisscross on top of head In draping a table, the scrub nurse drapes from _____ to _____, protecting her gloves _____. - Answer- Front, back, by cuffing drape edge The purpose of the hand scrub by the team is to render their skin: - Answer- Surgically Clean After steam sterilization, which items should not be considered sterile? - Answer- Suction tips attached to tubing, Asepto syringes with bulbs attached, Cautery tips bound with rubber bands
- Because there is less chance contamination, the preferred method of gloving is _____. For changing only a glove during a case, this method _______ be used. - Answer- Closed, cannot
- Which directive for loading a pressure steam sterilizer is incorrect - Answer- Loading liquids first to prevent spillage on packs
- If the prep site contains a colostomy or draining sinus which cannot be sealed off, it should be scrubbed: - Answer- Last with sponges used once and discarded
- Operating room floors should be flooded with _____ and _____ at the end of each ____. - Answer- Detergent germicide, wet-vaccumed, case What are some potential sources for surgical infection: - Answer- Circulating air, patient's bronchial tree, scrub teams hair, patients circulating blood, instruments, patients and scrub teams skin Which statement regarding the use of masks is false? - Answer- Cross strings behind the head for better aeration
Strike-through - Answer- The soaking of moisture through unsterile layers to sterile layers or vice versa Which statement concerning the use of boiling water as a sterilizing agent is false? - Answer- Minimum boiling period is 10 minutes The OR ventilating system ensures controlled air supply: ____ air exchanges per hour are recommended for infection control and a ___ percent humidity is mandatory to suppress static electricity - Answer- 25, 50 Which draping principle is false? - Answer- Drape far side of unsterile table first Which are not essential considerations in the design of an OR suite: - Answer- Windows, top floor locations, central corridor
- Which statement regarding sterile items is false? - Answer- Covered sterile set ups may be used later in the day
- When is the open glove technique preferred over the closed glove technique? - Answer- To change a glove during a procedure The first step in the decontamination process of instruments after a procedure should be: - Answer- Mechanical decontamination washer-sterilizer
- Which antiseptic solutions are effective against both gram-negative and gram- positive microorganisms - Answer- Iodophors, Chlorhexidine gluconate Which statement regarding sterile technique is false - Answer- Paper or peel-open packages are torn to expose contents
- Which is (are) used to check the effectiveness of sterilizers: - Answer- Biological spore strip Which statement concerning ethylene oxide sterilization is false? - Answer- Polyvinyl chloride wrappers are recommended Predisposing factors that substantially increases the risk of infection are: - Answer- Duration of operation, invasive monitoring techniques, indiscriminate use of antibioties, gastrointestinal surgery, prosthetic devices. An area of a gown considered sterile is ( are ) the ____ while the ____ is considered unsterile. - Answer- Sleeves, neck Which is the major source of contamination in the operating room? - Answer- Personnel
Oxygen is carried in the blood: - Answer- As physically dissolved oxygen in plasma, in combination with the hemoglobin of the red blood cells After cardiovascular surgery, hypocalcemia may result from ___ and hyperkalemia may result from ___. - Answer- Multiple transfusion of citrated blood, red cell breakdown from pump perfusion The basic approach to the treatment of shock is to: - Answer- Determine the cause An accurate index of cardiac performance is: - Answer- Central Venouse pressure Solutions whose volumes and pressures remain the same if the two solutions are separated membrane are: - Answer- Not hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic To produce inspiration, ___ pressure must be lower than ___ pressure; it must be ___ to produce expiration. - Answer- Intrathoracic, atmospheric, higher In a two-bottle water seal suction setup for chest drainage, the first bottle provides ___ and the second provides the ___. - Answer- Water seal and collect drainage, suction control Operating for empyema include: - Answer- Thoracoplasty and decortication of the lung Following open heart surgery, drainage catheters may inserted into; - Answer- The pericardium and anterior mediastinum The blood component administered to patient with a clotting problem is - Answer- Fresh Frozen Plasma Which of the following statements concerning erythrocytes (RBC) is not true? - Answer- Transport oxygen and carry carbon dioxide Which of the following concerning the lymphatic system is not true? - Answer- Lymph nodes act as absorbers and diffusers The continuous rhythmic lavage of the bladder to stimulate reflex control is - Answer- Closed drainage
- Edema can result from: - Answer- Kidney disease and severe burns, lymphatic and venous blockage and overdilation of arterioles Which of the following methods are not used to control blood loss in the OR - Answer- Deoxydized cellulose and cotton plegets
- The main indication for dialysis in renal failure is a high .The methods of dialysis are and ___. - Answer- Serum Potassium, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
A patient receiving IV therapy develops shortness of breath with increased respiratory rate and blood pressure. The diagnosis ___ and the nurse should ___. - Answer- Circulatory overload, slow the IV All of the following are function of the spleen except: - Answer- Stabilize arterial flow Which of the following men discovered body absorbs sutures made from animal tissues? - Answer- Philip Syng Physick Which of the following suture materials is not absorbed but remains living tissue in the body? - Answer- Fascia lata The space caused by the separation of wound edges which have not been closely approximately by sutures is called: - Answer- Dead space An interrupted suture, which is placed through the tissue from one side of the tissue from one side of the wound to the other and then through the called - Answer- Mattress Suture material which, during the healing process, becomes encapsulated by fibrous tissue called: - Answer- Non-absorbable suture In the presence of infection, the absorption rate of surgical gut is: - Answer- Increased Which of the following sutures may be used in the presence of infection? - Answer- Polypropylene A suture in which short lateral stitches are taken beneath - Answer- Subcuticular The healing process in which a wound is purposely left open and allowed to heal from the bottom upward is called - Answer- Secondary intention Surgical gut is made from the: - Answer- Submucosa layer of sheeps intestines Which of the following is most inert in tissue? - Answer- Wire A stay suture does not pass through: - Answer- Mesentery The spitting open or gaping of a wound is called: - Answer- Dehiscence Which of the following is used to stop bleeding and oozing on the surfaces of severed bones? - Answer- A mixture of waxes (chiefly beeswax) The protrusion of bowel through the separated of an abdominal wound closure - Answer- Evisceration
Which statement concerning hernias is not true? - Answer- Direct hernia leaves the abdomen through the inguinal ring Subtotal gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy anterior to the transverse Colon is a - Answer- Billroth 2 A saccular dilation leading from the lumen of the bowel is: - Answer- Diverticulum The surgical procedure for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is a ___ operation - Answer- Whipple Vagotomy is performed with partial gastrectomy for peptic uleer disease to: - Answer- Decrease secretion of hydrochloric acid Esophageal varices occur when an increase in ___ obstruction forces ___ blood to seek new avenue of return to the ___. - Answer- Portal vein, venous, right atrium A Roux-Y procedure for common duct repair is a: - Answer- Choledochojejunostomy Surgical bypass procedure for portal hypertension is a shunt between ___ and ___ or between ___ and ___. - Answer- Portal vein, inferior vena cava, splenic vein, left renal vein All of the following cause intestinal obstruction except: - Answer- Colitis Which statement concerning thyroid is not true? - Answer- A glandular segment that is essential to life Which statement concerning small bowel obstruction is not true? - Answer- It causes distension of distal intestine In which of the following is a loop colostomy done? - Answer- Bowel decompression Which of the following must be sutured to close an upper paramedian incision: - Answer- Anterior rectus sheath, posterior rectus sheath, peritoneum A benign intestinal tumor is ___ while ___ is malignant - Answer- Fibromata, lymphosarcoma Which statement concerning splenectomy is not true? - Answer- Surgery causes an increase in antibody production Which of the following does not require immediate surgery? - Answer- Fecal impaction, sigmoid colon volvulus, paralytic ileus
The four major sources of blood supply to the stomach are: - Answer- Right and Left gastroepiploic, right and left gastric Anastomosis between the small intestine and colon is a: - Answer- Ileocolostomy Surgical removal of an endocrine gland effects the: - Answer- Body Metabolism Which structure must be identified in a parotidectomy procedure? - Answer- Cranial nerve VII Which procedures may be performed for breast and/or prostatic malignancy - Answer- Prostatectomy, mastectomy, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, oophorectomy, orchiectomy The salivary glands consist of: - Answer- The sublingual, submaxillary, parotid Which statement(s) about the endocrine glands is/are true - Answer- They release their secretions into the blood stream, They are essential for growth and development, They are ductless glands Acromegaly is the result of hyperfunction of the: - Answer- Pituitary Which statement concerning a postoperative hypophysectomy patient is true? - Answer- Replacement adrenal steroid therapy is required, Diabetes insipidus may occur, Cessation of menstruation and infertility occurs The secreting cells of the mammary glands: - Answer- Are the alveoli Whipple operation for carcinoma of the pancreas includes removal of the ___ of the pancreas, entire ___, portion of the ___ and the distal segment of the ____. - Answer- Head, duodenum, stomach, common bile duct Low levels of adrenocortical hermone in the blood or urine is indicative of ___ diseases
- Answer- Addison's Radical mastectony for cancer involves removal of portion of the ___ muscle(s) - Answer- Pectoralis major and minor Bleeding from a tonsillar bed is controlled with ___ rather than ___ which might damage the ___ artery - Answer- Pressure, suture ligatures, external carotid Which is the master gland of the endocrine system? - Answer- Pituitary The pancreas secretes the hormones ___ and ___ which involved in ___ metabolism - Answer- Glucagon, insulin, carbohydrate
Which statement concerning the spleen is false? - Answer- The splenic vein drains into the inferior vena cava Which is/are postoperative complication (s) of total gastrectomy: - Answer- dumping syndrome, anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, diarrhea The ____ is attached to the____. - Answer- Omentum, stomach A partial gastrectomy followed by a gastroduodenal anastomesis is a - Answer- Billroth 1 Which anastomoses are completed in a Whipple operation: - Answer- Pancretojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy In an upper quadrant oblique incision (subcostal), which muscle is retracted of transversely divided? - Answer- Rectus Care must be taken during ligation of the vena cava for pulmonary embolism to prevent injury to: - Answer- Lumbar veins and right ureter Removal of fibrosed palmar aponeurosis is done for: - Answer- Dupuytren's contracture Removal of fibrinous deposit pleural with pulmonary ventilation is a: - Answer- Decortication Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding can cause ___ shock while ___ shock is the result of failure of arterial resistance - Answer- Hypovolemic, neurogenic Carcinoma of the lung may be confirmed by: - Answer- Scalene node biopsy, medianstinoscopy, bronchoscopy Place these digestive system structures in correct sequence: - Answer- pyloric sphincter, fundus, diaphragm Place these digestive system structures in correct sequence: - Answer- Esophagus, diaphragm, cardiac sphincter, fundus, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, ampulla of Vater, jejunum, ileum Which are some hemostatic agent(s) - Answer- Bone wax, oxidized cellulose, styptics, thrombin Acute cholecystitis usually is associated with: - Answer- gallstones, cystic duct obstruction, bacterial infection, empyema Which is/are serious postoperative problemis) following parathyroidectemy? - Answer- Tetany, Gout & Renal Stones
A weakness of the fascial margin of the internal ring is a ___ hernia; a weakness of the faseial floor of the inguinal canal is ___ hernia, - Answer- Direct, Indirect Portacaval shunt is indicated for: - Answer- Esophageal varices, back portal vein, Laennec's cirrhosis. Vagotomy for peptic ulcer oftes is accompanied by pyloroplasty because - Answer- Vagotomy may cause gastric atony In two-layer bowel anastomosis, the inner ___ layer is closed with ___ and the outer ___ layer with ___ sutures - Answer- Mucosal, absorbable, sersosal, nonabsorbable Combined with an antrectomy or gastroenterostomy, ___ is the most common operative procedure for peptic ulcer - Answer- Vagotomy The pancreas functions as an ___ gland secreting insulin and ___ directly into the ___. - Answer- Endocrine, glucagon, blood serum As a consequence of ligating the inferior mesenteric (Mesozoic) artery and vein, it is necessary to remove the entire ___ colon and anastomose the ___ colon to the ___ colon. - Answer- Left, distal transverse, sigmoid The operative carcinoma of the head of the pancreas or ampulla of Vater is a ___ procedure. - Answer- Whipple Whichh structures are amenable to stapling:. - Answer- bronchus, galea, bowel, split thickness graft, ankle bones Small bowel obstruction leads to electrolyte imbalance: first to ___ from loss of ___: then to ___ due to loss of ___ - Answer- Alkalosis, hydrochloric acid, acidosis, water& sodium In gastric bypass for morbid obesity, stapling the ___ portion of the stomach provides a small ___ outlet - Answer- Proximal, gastrojejunostomy Which of the following factors can cause intestinal obstruction: - Answer- volvulus, hernia, mesenteric infarction, paralytic ileus, intussusception The causes of peritonitis include which of the following: - Answer- ruptured spleen, puerperal infection, gangrenous obstruction of the bowel, acute pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis? The dumping syndrome occurs after gastric resection because of the - Answer- Rapid entry of food into the jejunum
Reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in a Whipple procedure is accomplished by the following anastomosis: - Answer- Pancreatojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy All of the following statements concerning the menopause are true except: - Answer- There is an associated loss of libido All of the following are functions estrogen in ovulation and pregnancy except: - Answer- Inhibition of uterine contractions The needleholder used by the close the vaginal vault following hysterectomy be: - Answer- Considered contaminated and discarded An indwelling catheter is inserted in the bladder of a patient receiving radium treatment order to: - Answer- Prevent distention and maintain bladder out of path of radiation The fallopian tubes receive their blood supply from the branches of the: - Answer- Uterine and ovarian arteries According to the International Classification, a patient with a diagnosis of a Stage 4 Cancer of the cervix has: - Answer- A lesion extending to the bladder and rectum Which of the fellowing are used by GYN surgeons to identify renal structures in pelvic laparotomies for large tumor masses? - Answer- Ureteral catheters The placement of a purse-string sature in the submucosal layer of the cervical os to prevent spontaneous abortion in the second trimester is a: - Answer- Shirodkar procedure The procedure for determining the patency of the fallopian tubes by introducing carbon dioxide through a sterile cannula into the uterus, the tubes, and then into the peritoncal cavity is a: - Answer- Rubin test An ectopic pregnancy may occur in: - Answer- The cervix, a uterine ligament, the abdominal cavity Which of the following is not a uterine ligament? - Answer- Triangular Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods or alter the menopause is: - Answer- Metrorrhagia In which of the following conditions is a vaginal hysterectomy contraindicated? - Answer- Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, large uterine myoma A protrusion of the cul-de-sac and loops of bowel within the peritoneal inte the vaginal outlet is a: - Answer- Enterocele
Oral contraceptives prevent the release of the ___ hormone from the anterior pituitary so ___ does not take place. fertilization - Answer- Follicle-stimulating; ovulation All of the following statements concerning gonerrhea are true: - Answer- Mode of transmission is sexual intercourse, incubation period is from three to eight days, disease may be relatively asymptomatic in females Which of the following statements concerning the ovaries is true? - Answer- They are homologous with the testes of the male, they produce ova after puberty, they function as endocrine glands producing hormones The causative organism of syphilis is: - Answer- Treponema pallidum The progesterone hormone is secreted by the: - Answer- Corpus luteum A Papanicolaou smear of Class 4 indicates - Answer- Cytology strongly suggestice of malignancy Which of the following eperations produces a surgical menopause in the patient? - Answer- Panhysterectomy In which of the following patients with uterine myomas is a myomectomy the procedure of choice? - Answer- Nullipara patient with a fertility problem The tubular glands situated in the wall of the female urethra just inside the meatus are: - Answer- Skenes ducts The operation for uterine prolapse consisting of a colporrhaphy, perineorrhaphy, and amputation of the cervix is a: - Answer- Manchester repair All of the following statements concerning cancer of the cervix are true: - Answer- Primary candidates are multiparas who married young, it is the most common cancer of the reproductive system, cheif symptoms are leucorrhea and irregular vaginal bleeding According to the National Classification, a patient with a diagnosis of stage 3 cancer of the cervix has a lesion: - Answer- Involving the lower third of vagina and pelvic walls Which of the most common inhabitant of the vaginal tract? - Answer- Trichomonas vaginalis A growth that occurs in the gravid uterus and develops from the chronic villi is a: - Answer- Hydatiform mole The blood vessels which the female pelvis are the ____ and the ___ arteries. - Answer- Internal iliacs, median sacral
The ligaments which are clamped, divided and ligated abdominal hysterectomy are: - Answer- Broad, mesovarian, round If radon seeds are accidentally expelled from a patient's vagina, shielding may be accomplished with ___ since the seeds emit___ rays - Answer- A layer of paper, alpha Trace the route of the ovum from ovary, through the fallopian tube to the uterus - Answer- Graafian follicle, ova, fimbria, infindibulum, ampulla, isthmus, endometrium Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by: - Answer- gonorrhea, tubercle bacilli, gram- negative bacteria, streptococci Which statement concerning laparoscopy is true - Answer- The procedure includes a pneumoperitoneum, the patient js placed in trendelenburg position, it may be a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure The leading cause of cancer death in women is cancer of the: - Answer- Lung A congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the under side of the penis or on the perineum is: - Answer- Hypospadias When a patient is postured in the lateral position for a kidney operation the lower leg is ___ and the upper leg . - Answer- Flexed; remains straight In an orchiopexy, the attachment of the testis to the fascia of the thigh in an effort to reduce tension on the vessels and suture line is known as a: - Answer- Torek procedure Following a transurethral resection of the prostate, the surgeon may leave a three-way Foley catheter. The third lumen provides a means for: - Answer- Continous irrigation of the bladder postoperatively A urethrovesical suspension operation for urinary stress incontinence in the female is called a: - Answer- Marshall-Marchetti In kidney transplant surgery, the donor kidney is usually placed in the: - Answer- Iliac fossa Which of the following type of urological catheters can be steam sterilized? - Answer- Rubber catheter, nylon ureteral catheter, bougie The kidneys receive their blood supply through the ___ arteries, which eriginate from the. - Answer- Renal; Aorta When X-rays are taken during surgery a lead apron should be worn by operating room personnel if they must remain: - Answer- Within three feet of the patient
A patient with urinary reteation cannot void because of: - Answer- A failure of the bladder to release urine Involuntary emptying of the bladder - Answer- Enuresis All of the following statements about the testes are true: - Answer- In fetal life they are located in the abdomen, they are normally well down into rhe scrotum at birth, untreated, bilateral undescended testes can cause infertility An embryonal, adenomyosarcoma of the kidney that occurs predominantly in children is called: - Answer- Wilm's tumor Which of the fellowing are used for calibration of the urethra? - Answer- Olive-tipped bougies A radiopaque dye is injected intravenously. Within aset period of time it is exereted by the kidneys and is visible on X-rays. This is called: - Answer- Intravenous pyelogram Stones in thee urinary tract are the nost common complication associated with which of the following diseases? - Answer- Hyperparathyroidism The popular method of supravesical urinary diversion for malignant pelvie tumors, neurogenie bladder dysfunction, and chronic urinary obstruction is a cutancous ureteroileostomy, Another name for this anastomosis is - Answer- Ileal conduit All of the following are found in normal urine except - Answer- Protein Alcohol should not be used on cystoscopes as it - Answer- Dissolves the cement around the lenses Which of the following groups of instruments should be on a setup for transurethral prostatic resection? - Answer- Resectoscope, Bakelite sheaths, cutting electrodes Which of the following are the catheters of choice for dilating narrow strictures? - Answer- Filiform and follower The concave notch in the kidney through which the ureter, arteries, and veins enter and leave is the: - Answer- Hilum An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the scrotum around the capsule of the testis and the tunica vaginalis is a: - Answer- Hydrocele During the course of transurethral surgery, the hazards of contamination and short circuits from electrical apparatus are increased due to: - Answer- The fluid used for distending and irrigating the bladder
Which statement concerning the arteriovenous shunts used for hemodialysis true? - Answer- Lower extremity shunt requires initial avoidance if weight bearing, shunts are rarely placed above level of elbow or knee, venipuncture for blood specimens are no longer necessary Which catheter is used to dilate a urethral stricture? - Answer- Filiform Which statement concerning kidney transplant is true? - Answer- The donor kidney is placed in thr iliac fossa, the donor ureteris implanted in the bladder, the donor kidney is reverse in implantation Trace the formation and excretion of urine:I. proximal tubale,2Joop of Henie, 3, collecting tubale, 4. Bowman's capsale, 5.ureter, 6. glomeruli, 7, urethra, 8. bladder,9.renal pelvis - Answer- Glomeruli, Bowmans capsule, proximal tubale, loop of Henie, collecting tubale, renal pelvis, ureter, Bladder, urethra A radiographic study outlining the kidney pelvis and ureters by an injection of radiopaque - Answer- Retrograde pyelogram Which statement concerning a nephrostomy tube is true? - Answer- It is insterted directly into the kidney, it is irrigated only on specific order, it obstructed pyelonephritis may result The procedure to correct a redundant kidney pelvis and stenotie area of the ureter is a: - Answer- Foley Y-V pyeloplasty Which statement concerning ileal conduit is true? - Answer- The ureters are implanted in the terminal ileum, the proximal end of the conduit is sutures closed, the distal end of the conduit is brought out as a stoma The usual first symptom of renal tumor is: - Answer- Painless hematuria Which statement concerning current dialysis therapy is true? - Answer- It is indicated with a serum potassium greater than 7mEq, it can be used for salicylate poisining, Heparin is administered during the procedure Cords of strom, elastic fibrous tissue which attach muscle to bones are: - Answer- Tendons In ___ of a fractured bone, the ends of the fragments become sclerotic resistant to the normal healing process. - Answer- Nonunion Plaster of paris should be dipped into water no warmer than room temperature ( 70- 75F ) because the chemical reaction that occur is: - Answer- Exothermal
A bone graft usually taken from the patient's tibia and used as an onlay graft across arn ununited fracture site by means of screws is: - Answer- An autogenous corticol graft Compression of the median nerve or its blood supply in a canal at the wrist is know as: - Answer- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome A plaster bandage roll is soaked through and ready for application when: minutes - Answer- Air bubbles cease to appear Mr. B is scheduled for a biopsy of a bone tumor, possibly an amputation. In which of the following diagnosis would the amplitude not be necessary? - Answer- Osteochondroma A closed cavity between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovium, contains a small amount of synovial uid and acts a gliding, mechanism is: - Answer- A bursa The healing process of fracture begins first with ___ formation. This, then, is replaced by ___ tissue which eventually fornas new bone, known as ___. - Answer- Blood clot, granulation, callus The common name for hallux vaigus is: - Answer- Bunions A femoral fracture most often seen in obese children is: - Answer- Slipped femoral epiphysis Which if the following are the surgical procedures for chronic osteomyelitis? - Answer- Sequestrectomy and saucerization Intramedulary rods are used in which of the following types of fractures? - Answer- Shaft fractures of long bones For which of the following complications following a fracture must be a patient be closely observed? - Answer- Shock, Fal embolism, Thromboembolism A bone disorder in which there in an imbalance between bone formation and bone reabsorption (decreased density of bone) is: - Answer- Osteoporosis A chronic systemic disease if unknown causes, characterized by recurrent inflammation involving the synovium of joints is: - Answer- Rheumitoid arthritis In an automebile, Mrs. A. sustained a left leg fracture below the hip joint, a left arm fracture with the bone fragments wedged together, and a right forearm fracture with slanting line of breakage. Her fractures are listed as: - Answer- Left intertrochanteric, impacted left humerus, oblique right radius Skeletal muscles are: - Answer- Striated voluntary
