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Acceleration - General Physics - Solved Exam, Exams of Physics

Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePhysics

This is the Solved Exam of General Physics which includes Density and Flotation, Volume of Block, Irregular Shaped Object, Unit of Density, Density of Ethanol, Electronic Balance, Weighing Scales etc. Key important points are: Acceleration, Define Velocity, Velocity-Time Graph, Variation of Velocity, Athlete’s Horizontal Motion, Constant Velocity, Average Acceleration, Maximum Velocity, Acceleration Due to Gravity

Typology: Exams

2012/2013

Uploaded on 02/19/2013

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Exam questions
1. [2006][2002 OL][2004 OL][2008 OL][2009 OL]
Define velocity.
2. [2002 OL][2004 OL][2008 OL]
Define acceleration.
3. [2005 OL]
A car accelerates from 10 m s−1 to 30 m s−1 in 5 seconds. What is its acceleration?
4. [2002 OL]
An aircraft was travelling at a speed of 60 m s-1 when it landed on a runway. It took two minutes to
stop. Calculate the acceleration of the aircraft while coming to a stop.
5. [2004 OL]
A cheetah can go from rest up to a velocity of 28 m s−1 in just 4 seconds and stay running at this
velocity for a further 10 seconds.
(i) Sketch a velocity−time graph to show the variation of velocity with time for the cheetah during these
14 seconds.
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the cheetah during the first 4 seconds.
6. [2008]
In a pole-vaulting competition an athlete, whose centre of gravity is 1.1 m above the ground, sprints
from rest and reaches a maximum velocity of 9.2 ms–1 after 3.0 seconds. He maintains this velocity
for 2.0 seconds before jumping.
(i) Draw a velocity-time graph to illustrate the athlete’s horizontal motion.
(ii) Use your graph to calculate the distance travelled by the athlete before jumping.
7. [2008 OL]
A speedboat starts from rest and reaches a velocity of 20 m s−1 in 10 seconds.
It continues at this velocity for a further 5 seconds.
The speedboat then comes to a stop in the next 4 seconds.
(i) Draw a velocity-time graph to show the variation of velocity of the boat during its journey.
(ii) Use your graph to estimate the velocity of the speedboat after 6 seconds.
(iii) Calculate the acceleration of the boat during the first 10 seconds.
(iv) What was the distance travelled by the boat when it was moving at a constant velocity?
8. [2007]
A car is travelling at a velocity of 25 m s-1 when the engine is then turned off; calculate how far the
car will travel before coming to rest if the deceleration is 1.47 ms-2?
9. [2009]
A skateboarder starts from rest at the top of a ramp and accelerates down it. The ramp is 25 m long
and the skateboarder has a velocity of 12.2 m s–1 at the bottom of the ramp.
Calculate the average acceleration of the skateboarder on the ramp.
10. [2010 OL]
A cyclist on a bike has a combined mass of 120 kg.
The cyclist starts from rest and by pedalling maintains an acceleration of the cyclist of 0.5 m s–2 along
a horizontal road.
(i) Calculate the maximum velocity of the cyclist after 15 seconds.
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Download Acceleration - General Physics - Solved Exam and more Exams Physics in PDF only on Docsity!

Exam questions

  1. [2006][2002 OL][2004 OL][2008 OL][2009 OL] Define velocity.
  2. [2002 OL][2004 OL][2008 OL] Define acceleration.
  3. [2005 OL] A car accelerates from 10 m s−1^ to 30 m s−1^ in 5 seconds. What is its acceleration?
  4. [2002 OL] An aircraft was travelling at a speed of 60 m s-1^ when it landed on a runway. It took two minutes to stop. Calculate the acceleration of the aircraft while coming to a stop.
  5. [2004 OL] A cheetah can go from rest up to a velocity of 28 m s−1^ in just 4 seconds and stay running at this velocity for a further 10 seconds. (i) Sketch a velocity−time graph to show the variation of velocity with time for the cheetah during these 14 seconds. (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the cheetah during the first 4 seconds.
  6. [2008] In a pole-vaulting competition an athlete, whose centre of gravity is 1.1 m above the ground, sprints from rest and reaches a maximum velocity of 9.2 ms–1^ after 3.0 seconds. He maintains this velocity for 2.0 seconds before jumping. (i) Draw a velocity-time graph to illustrate the athlete’s horizontal motion. (ii) Use your graph to calculate the distance travelled by the athlete before jumping.
  7. [2008 OL] A speedboat starts from rest and reaches a velocity of 20 m s−1^ in 10 seconds. It continues at this velocity for a further 5 seconds. The speedboat then comes to a stop in the next 4 seconds. (i) Draw a velocity-time graph to show the variation of velocity of the boat during its journey. (ii) Use your graph to estimate the velocity of the speedboat after 6 seconds. (iii) Calculate the acceleration of the boat during the first 10 seconds. (iv) What was the distance travelled by the boat when it was moving at a constant velocity?
  8. [2007] A car is travelling at a velocity of 25 m s-1^ when the engine is then turned off; calculate how far the car will travel before coming to rest if the deceleration is 1.47 ms-2?
  9. [2009] A skateboarder starts from rest at the top of a ramp and accelerates down it. The ramp is 25 m long and the skateboarder has a velocity of 12.2 m s–1^ at the bottom of the ramp. Calculate the average acceleration of the skateboarder on the ramp.
  10. [2010 OL] A cyclist on a bike has a combined mass of 120 kg. The cyclist starts from rest and by pedalling maintains an acceleration of the cyclist of 0.5 m s–2^ along a horizontal road. (i) Calculate the maximum velocity of the cyclist after 15 seconds.

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the cyclist during the first 15 seconds. (iii) The cyclist stops peddling after 15 seconds and continues to freewheel for a further 80 m before coming to a stop. Calculate the time taken for the cyclist to travel the final 80 m?

11. [2009 OL]

A train started from a station and accelerated at 0.5 m s−2^ to reach its top speed of 50 m s−1^ and maintained this speed for 90 minutes. As the train approached the next station the driver applied the brakes uniformly to bring the train to a stop in a distance of 500 m. (i) Calculate how long it took the train to reach its top speed. (ii) Calculate how far it travelled at its top speed. (iii) Calculate the acceleration experienced by the train when the brakes were applied.

  1. [2010] The graph shown represents the motion of a cyclist on a journey. Using the graph, calculate the distance travelled by the cyclist and the average speed for the journey.

13. [2003 OL][2006 OL]

What is meant by the term acceleration due to gravity?

  1. [2005] A basketball which was resting on a hoop falls to the ground 3.05 m below. What is the maximum velocity of the ball as it falls?
  2. [2006 OL] An astronaut drops an object from a height of 1.6 m above the surface of the moon and the object takes 1.4 s to fall. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon.
  3. [2003 OL]

(iii) Describe how you took one of these measurements. (iv) How did you calculate the value of g from your measurements? (v) Give one precaution that you took to get an accurate result.

24. [2009]

In an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity, the time t for an object to fall from rest through a distance s was measured. The procedure was repeated for a series of values of the distance s. The table shows the recorded data.

(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used in the experiment. (ii) Indicate the distance s on your diagram. (iii) Describe how the time interval t was measured. (iv) Calculate a value for the acceleration due to gravity by drawing a suitable graph based on the recorded data. (v) Give two ways of minimising the effect of air resistance in the experiment.

  1. [2004] In an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity g by a free fall method, a student measured the time t for an object to fall from rest through a distance s. This procedure was repeated for a series of values of the distance s. The table shows the data recorded by the student. s /cm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 t /ms 244 291 325 342 371 409 420 (i) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, how the student obtained the data. (ii) Calculate a value for g by drawing a suitable graph. (iii) Give two precautions that should be taken to ensure a more accurate result.

s / cm 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 t /ms 247 310 377 435 473 514 540

Exam solutions

  1. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time.

  2. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

  3. v = u + at ⇒ a = ( v – u ) ÷ t ⇒ a = (30 – 10) ÷ 5 ⇒ a = 4 m s-2.

  4. v = u + at ⇒ 0 = 60 + a (120) ⇒ a = - 0.5 m s-

(i) See diagram (ii) v = u + at ⇒ 28 = 0 + a (4) ⇒ a = 7 m s-

(i) See diagram (ii) Distance (s) = area under curve s = ½ (3)(9.2) + 2 (9.2) / 13.8 + 18.4 / 32.2 m

(i)

(ii) 12 m s-1. (iii) v = u + at but u = 0 ⇒ a = v/t = 20/10 = 2 m s-2. (iv) v = s/t ⇒ s = vt = 20 × 5 = 100 m

  1. v 2 = u 2 + 2as 0 = 25 +2(-1.47) s or s = 213 m
  2. v^2 = u^2 + 2as ⇒ (12.2)^2 = 0 +2a(25) a = 2.98 m s–

(i) v = u + at. v = u + (0.5)(15) = 7.5 m s– (ii) s = ut + ½ at^2 s = 0 + ½ (0.5)(15)^2 = 56.25 m. (iii) s = (u +v)t/ 80 = (7.5 + 0)t/ t = 21.33 s

(i) v = u + at

  • He measured the distance between 11 dots on the tape.
  • The time taken to cover that distance corresponded to the time for 10 intervals, where each interval was 1/50th^ of a second.
  • He calculated velocity using the formula velocity = distance/time. (ii) See graph

(iii) Take any two points e.g. (0, 0.9) and (10, 4.9) and use the formula: slope = y 2 – y 1 / x 2 – x 1 Slope = acceleration = 0.4 m s-

  1. See diagram

(i) When we flicked the switched it turned

on the timer and this remained on until the ball fell through the trap-

door at the bottom. The time was then read from the timer.

(ii) The distance travelled by the ball.

(iii) s = ut + ½ ( g ) t^2 ⇒ g = 2s/t^2

(iv) For a given length repeat and use the smallest time value recorded for t.

(i) See diagram (ii) Distance s as shown on the diagram, time for the object to fall. (iii) Measure length from the bottom of the ball to the top of the trapdoor as shown using a metre stick. The time is measured using the timer which switches on when the ball is released and stops when the ball hits the trap-door. (iv) Plot a graph of s against t^2 ; the slope of the graph corresponds to g /2. Alternatively substitute (for t and s) into the equation s = ( g /2) t^2 (v) Use the smallest time value recorded for t, repeat the experiment a number of times

(i) Timer, ball, release mechanism, trap door (ii) (Perpendicular) distance indicated between bottom of ball and top of trap door. (iii) Timer starts when ball leaves release mechanism Timer stops when ball hits trap door. (iv)

  • Axes correctly labelled
  • points correctly plotted
  • Straight line with a good distribution
  • Correct slope method
  • Slope = 5.02 // 0.

s / cm 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 t /ms 247 310 377 435 473 514 540 t 2 / s^2 0.0610 0.0961 0.1421 0.1892 0.2237 0.2642 0.

  • g = (10.04 ± 0.20) m s– (v) Small (object)/ smooth(object)/ no draughts/ in vacuum/ distances relatively short / h eavy (object) / dense / spherical/ aerodynamic.

25. [2004]

(i) The clock starts as sphere is released and stops when the sphere hits the trapdoor. S is the distance from solenoid to trap-door. Record distance s and the time t

(ii) Calculation of t^2 (at least five correct values) Axes s and t^2 labelled At least five points correctly plotted Straight line with good fit Method for slope Correct substitution g = 10.0 ± 0.2 m s− (iii) Measure from bottom of sphere; avoid parallax error; for each value of s take several values for t / min t reference;); adjust ‘sensitivity’ of trap door; adjust ‘sensitivity’ of electromagnet (using paper between sphere and core); use large values for s (to reduce % error); use millisecond timer

s /cm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 t /ms 244 291 325 342 371 409 420 t^2 /s^2 0.060 0.085 0.106 0.117 0.138 0.167 0.