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This Access to HE Diploma prepares learners for higher education in agriculture, horticulture, and environmental sciences. Video-led lessons include plant and animal biology, ecology, soil science, and sustainability practices. Designed for those seeking careers or degrees in land-based industries.
Typology: Exams
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Question 1. Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondrion C) Ribosome D) Chloroplast Answer: B Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration. Question 2. What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane
B) Eukaryotes lack ribosomes C) Prokaryotes lack a nucleus D) Eukaryotes have no DNA Answer: C Explanation: Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do. Question 3. Which process converts solar energy into chemical energy in plants? A) Respiration B) Fermentation C) Photosynthesis D) Mitosis
Question 5. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? A) DNA replication B) Protein synthesis C) Lipid storage D) Waste removal Answer: B Explanation: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Question 6. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge? A) Electron B) Neutron C) Proton
D) Ion Answer: C Explanation: Protons carry a positive electrical charge. Question 7. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Hydrogen D) Metallic Answer: B Explanation: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
B) Hydrogen ion concentration C) Temperature D) Oxygen levels Answer: B Explanation: pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Question 10. Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is essential for photosynthesis? A) Mitochondria B) Ribosome C) Chloroplast D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is vital for photosynthesis. Question 11. Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein? A) Sequence of amino acids B) Alpha helix C) Beta sheet D) Protein complex Answer: A Explanation: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids.
B) Oxygen C) Glucose D) ATP Answer: D Explanation: The main purpose of aerobic respiration is to produce ATP. Question 14. The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of: A) Neutrons B) Protons C) Electrons D) Isotopes
Answer: B Explanation: Atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom. Question 15. Which type of macromolecule are enzymes? A) Carbohydrates B) Nucleic acids C) Proteins D) Lipids Answer: C Explanation: All enzymes are proteins that catalyze biological reactions.
C) Lipid synthesis D) Protein degradation Answer: B Explanation: The nucleolus is involved in ribosome production. Question 18. The main difference between mitosis and meiosis is: A) Number of daughter cells produced B) Location in the cell C) Involvement of ribosomes D) Energy requirements Answer: A
Explanation: Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically varied cells. Question 19. Which molecule stores genetic information? A) RNA B) DNA C) Protein D) Lipid Answer: B Explanation: DNA holds the genetic code for organisms. Question 20. Which property of water helps it resist temperature change?
D) Remove toxins Answer: B Explanation: Buffers help maintain a constant pH in biological systems. Question 22. Which process produces lactic acid as a byproduct? A) Aerobic respiration B) Glycolysis C) Anaerobic respiration D) Photosynthesis Answer: C Explanation: Anaerobic respiration in animals produces lactic acid.
Question 23. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Lysosome D) Golgi apparatus Answer: C Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste. Question 24. What is an isotope? A) Atom with more protons B) Atom with more electrons
Explanation: Phospholipids create the bilayer that forms the cell membrane. Question 26. The process by which green plants make their own food is called: A) Respiration B) Photosynthesis C) Digestion D) Fermentation Answer: B Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight to create glucose.
Question 27. The main structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls is: A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Chitin Answer: C Explanation: Cellulose provides structural support to plant cell walls. Question 28. Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis? A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Lysosome
