Tensile Testing: Review and Procedure for Materials Laboratory (EGR270, Spring 2014), Assignments of Mechanical Engineering

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Tensile Test

Tensile Test

Dr. Ken Lulay Dr. Ken Lulay

EGR270 Materials Laboratory

EGR270 Materials Laboratory

Spring 2014

Spring 2014

Overview

Overview



Tensile testing review Tensile testing review



Test procedure

Test procedure

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Materials to be tested Materials to be tested

Test Standard

Test Standard



ASTM E8 –

ASTM E8 –

Standard Test Methods of Standard Test Methods of

Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

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Gage length > 4D (uniform stress) Gage length > 4D (uniform stress)

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Grips should be free to rotate Grips should be free to rotate

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uses spherical bearing to allow rotation

uses spherical bearing to allow rotation

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creates a 2-force member (axial load) creates a 2-force member (axial load)

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Temperature between 50 and 100

Temperature between 50 and 100 °

F

F

Procedure

Procedure

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Mark, measure and record:

Mark, measure and record:

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gage length (close to 2 inches)

gage length (close to 2 inches)

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diameter

diameter

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Load into test frame (SATEC)

Load into test frame (SATEC)

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Apply load, record force and strain Apply load, record force and strain

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After fracture, measure and record:

After fracture, measure and record:

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final gage length

final gage length

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diameter in necked region

diameter in necked region

Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum Alloys

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Designation of Designation of wrought aluminum wrought aluminum

alloys

alloys (by the Aluminum Association)

(by the Aluminum Association)

• the first digit of the four digit
• the first digit of the four digit

scheme indicates primary alloying scheme indicates primary alloying

elements:

elements:

Heat Treatable Wrought

Heat Treatable Wrought

aluminum alloys

aluminum alloys



2xxx – copper 2xxx – copper

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4xxx – silicon

4xxx – silicon

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6xxx – magnesium and silicon 6xxx – magnesium and silicon

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7xxx – zinc 7xxx – zinc

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8xxx – other elements

8xxx – other elements

Cast aluminum alloys

Cast aluminum alloys

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1xx.x – 99.00% pure aluminum 1xx.x – 99.00% pure aluminum

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2xx.x – copper 2xx.x – copper

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3xx.x – silicon with copper and/or magnesium 3xx.x – silicon with copper and/or magnesium

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4xx.x – silicon 4xx.x – silicon

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5xx.x – magnesium 5xx.x – magnesium

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7xx.x – zinc 7xx.x – zinc

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8xx.x – tin 8xx.x – tin

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9xx.x – other elements 9xx.x – other elements

Temper Designation

Temper Designation

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F: As fabricated F: As fabricated

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O: Annealed

O: Annealed

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W: Solution heat-treated. W: Solution heat-treated.

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H: Strain hardened. H: Strain hardened.

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T: Thermally treated.

T: Thermally treated.

2024-T

2024-T

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2xxx =F/A copper main alloy element 2xxx =F/A copper main alloy element



2024: 4.4%Cu, 1.5%Mg, 0.6%Mn 2024: 4.4%Cu, 1.5%Mg, 0.6%Mn

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T: Thermally treated T: Thermally treated

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T3: sol’n HT, cold worked, nat. aged T3: sol’n HT, cold worked, nat. aged

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T351: sol’n HT, cold worked for stress

T351: sol’n HT, cold worked for stress

relief, natural aged. relief, natural aged.

UHMW-PE

UHMW-PE

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Ultra-High Molecular Weight, Polyethylene Ultra-High Molecular Weight, Polyethylene

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Ultra-High Molecular Weight? Ultra-High Molecular Weight?

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Thermoplastic

Thermoplastic

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Thermoplastics are strain rate sensitive Thermoplastics are strain rate sensitive

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Stiffness Stiffness

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Strength Strength

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Thermoplastics are temperature sensitive Thermoplastics are temperature sensitive

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Any questions Any questions



Tensile testing? Tensile testing?



Stress-strain curves? Stress-strain curves?

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What we are doing today? What we are doing today?

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What is required? What is required?