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Acid Base Balances - Physiology and Anatomy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Physiology

Aligarh Muslim UniversityPhysiology

This lecture is taken from the slides of Physiology. Key important points are: Acid Base Balances, Sources of Hydrogen Ions, Strengths of Acids and Bases, Hydrogen Ion Concentration, Acid-Base Buffer Systems, Respiratory Center, Hydrogen Ions in Urine, Rates of Regulation

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/26/2013

sankar
sankar 🇮🇳

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Acid-Base Balance
A. Electrolytes that ionize in water and release
hydrogen ions are acids; those that combine
with hydrogen ions are bases.
B. Maintenance of homeostasis depends on the
control of acids and bases in body fluids.
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 Acid-Base Balance

A. Electrolytes that ionize in water and release hydrogen ions are acids; those that combine with hydrogen ions are bases. B. Maintenance of homeostasis depends on the control of acids and bases in body fluids.

C. Sources of Hydrogen Ions

  1. Most hydrogen ions originate as by- products of metabolic processes, including: the aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose, incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, oxidation of amino acids containing sulfur, and the breakdown of phosphoproteins and nucleic acids.

E. Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration

  1. Acid-base buffer systems, the respiratory center in the brain stem, and the kidneys regulate pH of body fluids.
  1. Acid-Base Buffer Systems a. The chemical components of a buffer system can combine with a strong acid and convert it to a weaker one. b. The chemical buffer systems in body fluids include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system.

b. During exercise, the carbon

dioxide, and thus the carbonic acid, levels in the blood increase.

c. In response, the respiratory center

increases the rate and depth of breathing, so the lungs excrete more carbon dioxide.

  1. The Kidneys

a. Nephrons secrete excess hydrogen ions in the urine.