NEUTRALIZATION
Prepared By
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Operator Training and Certification Unit
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Neutralization Process: Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH, Slides of Chemistry
An in-depth explanation of the neutralization process, including the concepts of acids and bases, the role of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, and the measurement of pH. It also covers the importance of pH in various applications and methods for measuring it.
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2021/2022
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NEUTRALIZATION
Prepared By Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Operator Training and Certification Unit
NEUTRALIZATION
Addition of an acid or alkali
(base) to a liquid to cause the
pH
of the liquid to move towards a
neutral pH of 7.0.
BASE
Adds Hydroxyl Ions
OH-
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH Na+^ + OH-
Acid + Base = ?
H+^ + OH-
HCl + NaOH
acid + base water + salt + heat
NEUTRAL
H 2 O
H 2 O + NaCl + energy
pH
pH = -log [H+]
pH = -log (1 X 10-6)
pH = -(log 1 + log 10-6)
pH = -(0 + (-6))
pH = -(-6)
pH = 6
Concentration of H+
moles / L
Typical Value
0.000001 moles/L
1 X 10-^6 moles/L
pH = 6.
H 2 O H+^ + OH-
[H+] = [OH-]
Neutral
pH = 7.
[H+] X [OH-] = constant = 10-
pH + pOH = 14
Entire pH range from
0 to 14
[H+] = 10 0 10 -4^10 -7^10 -10^10 -
[OH-]= 10 -14^10 -10^10 -7^10 -4^10
pH = 0 4 7 10 14
pH Scale
NEUTRAL
Increasing Acidity Increasing Basicity
pH Scale
Logarithmic Scale
Each unit Change is a 10 Times Change in Concentration
Two Unit Change is a 10 X10 Change or 100 Times Change
Three Unit Change is a 10 X 10 X10 Change or 1000 Times Change
Importance Of
pH
1. Lab Analyses
2. Corrosion Control
3. Cyanide Treatment
4. Precipitation Processes
- Biological Systems a. WWTP’s b. Streams
Reference Electrode
Sensing Electrode
pH Meter
Current
pH Sensing Bulb
Electrometric or Potentiometric
Method
Electrometric or Potentiometric
Method
Combination Electrode
MEASUREMENT OF pH
Procedure
Standard Methods “In each case follow manufacturer’s instructions for pH meter and for storage and preparation of electrodes for use.”
Meter Calibration
**- two pt. Calibration
- order of calibration important for analog meters
- stirring required**
Measurement of pH
PROCEDURE
**1. Adjust or Compensate for Temperature.
- Rinse Electrode(s).
- Calibrate in Buffer at pH 7.0.** **(gentle mixing for all readings)
- Rinse Electrode(s).
- Immerse Electrode(s) in Second Buffer.** A. 3 pH Units Different from First. **B. Bracket Expected Sample pH.
- Adjust Meter to Proper Reading** **using “Slope” Control.
- Rinse Electrode(s) and Read Sample.
- Properly Store Electrode(s).**