Download ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist and more Exams Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist
Progression: Increase at ___ per week and decrease the reps by ___ when a given load can be performed for the desired number of reps BMI= weight (kg)/height (m2) 0.454kg= 1 lb 250lbs x 0.454kg= 113.5kg 12inch= 1ft 2.54cm= 1inch 100cm= 1m 6ft x 12inch= 72inch + 1inch= 73inch 73inch x 2.54cm= 185cm 185cm / 100m= 1.85m x 1.85m= 3.42m BMI= 113.5kg / 3.42m BMI= 33.1 kg/m OR 1kg= 2.2lbs 250lbs / 2.2kg= 113.6kg 6ft x 12inch= 72inch + 1inch= 73inch 73inch x 2.54= 185cm / 100m= 1.85m x 1.85m= 33.1kg/m2 - Grant is a 42yr old male who works as a computer information tech specialist. His physician referred him to the facility and has already cleared him for all exercise activity. -Weight: 250lbs -Height: 6ft 1inch -WC: 40.5inch -BF: 35.5% -Resting HR: 72bpm -Average resting BP: 128/86mmHg -Total cholesterol: 209mg/dl -HDL-C: 36mg/dl -LDL-C: 115mg/dl -Triglycerides: 292mg/dl -Glucose: 112mg/dl Grant is not on any medications and no symptoms suggestive of CV, metabolic, or pulmonary disease. His 67yr old father has been on BP medication for 20yrs and was recently diagnosed w/ T2D. Grant spends most of his workdays sitting behind the computer and he walks his dog around the neighborhood 2-3days/week for 10min. He's not very motivated about the program but pressure from his doctor and family is why he's here. He feels his current health status is just "part of getting old."
What is his BMI? 0.454kg - How many kg in 1 lb? 100cm - How many cm in 1m? 2.54cm - How many cm in 1inch? 12inch - How many inches in 1ft? 2.2lbs - How many pounds in 1kg?
- Current level of PA
- Presence of signs/symptoms and/or known CV, metabolic, or renal disease
- Desired exercise intensity - The preparticipation screening algorithm now takes into account 3 factors: below ischemic threshold (~1 MET) - If exercise test data is available, exercise can be prescribed at a workload.... 1.9-3.7mph - The ACSM's metabolic equation for walking is most accurate for speeds of... 1mph= 26.8m/min - How to convert mph into m/min? Yes, he must be referred due to recent diagnosis - You're working as a personal trainer at a university recreation facility. You've been assigned a new client, Mike. He's been relatively active but has never worked w/ a trainer or been on a structured program. He's a prior college football player but has been inactive since graduation (6yrs prior). He plays softball a few times a week and walks 2-3 times a week. He's a software programmer and sits at a desk all day during his working hours. Although he feels fatigued, his overall goal is to become healthier and get in better shape. Mike completes an informed consent and health status questionnaire. He's a 40yr old Caucasian, w/ a body mass of 95.24kg and a height of 181cm. His BP is 112/78 mmHg, total cholesterol is 221mg/dl (HDL and LDL are unknown), and fasting blood glucose is unknown. Both his father and his paternal grandfather have known CVD. There are no known CV or metabolic diseases on mother's side. If Mike mentioned to you that he was also recently diagnosed w/ pulmonary disorder, such as chronic bronchitis, would you automatically refer him to a physician for medical clearance? No - Is a medical exam recommended prior to participation in moderate exercise?
The Queen's College Step test (also known as McArdle Step Test) is performed for ___ in order to provide steady-state HR as a result of aerobic exercise. Then to estimate VO2max early recovery HR is measured for.... Queens College Step test (McArdle Step Test) - Provides varying work rates depending on gender and fitness level 50revs/min (RPM) w/ a load of 1kg - For the Queen's College Step test (McArdle Step Test), for untrained female individuals, the minimum recommendation protocol is... 3min; 5min - Exercise less than ___ runs the risk of not establishing steady-state HR, and exercise greater than ___ is redundant, as HR has plateaued and continued exercise introduces the potential of local muscular fatigue implementation - What is NOT a general category for clinical exercise testing? -Prognosis -Evaluation -Diagnosis - Clinical exercise testing generally consists of 3 components: prognosis - Determining the risk for an adverse event evaluation - Determining the physiological response to exercise diagnosis - Determining the presence of a disease/disorder maximal exercise test using indirect calorimetry - What is considered the "gold standard" to objectively measure exercise capacity? maximal exercise test using indirect calorimetry (GXT or exercise tolerance test) - Provides the truest measure of exercise capacity for each individual estimations - All other forms of exercise testing/examination rely on ___ which although beneficial, often over- or undercompensate and can therefore be misleading supervising physician - Whose legal responsibility is it to supervise the clinical exercise laboratory and interpret all clinical exercise testing results in a diagnostic setting? health paraprofessionals (CEP, physician assistant) -
Recent trends have moved many exercise testing laboratories away from the physician and toward allied ___, which can be done legally as long as the supervising physician is in the immediate viscinity Bruce treadmill protocol - Which GXT protocol is most widely used in the US in a clinical setting? 5-20% - Has become increasingly popular in Europe, but it's been shown that cycle ergometry can underestimate peak exercise capacity by... 6min - HR, BP, and ECG should be recorded regularly during the clinical exercise test and through at least ___ of recovery. This is used to help determine the rate of return of vital signs as well as to ensure the health and safety of the client following exhaustive work. 10bpm per 1 MET - The normal HR response to incremental exercise is to increase workloads at a HR of... ROM - The purpose of the cool-down period following an exercise session includes improvement of... stretching phase - Improvements in ROM are a benefit of the ___ of an exercise session cool-down phase - The stretching phase is distinct and should follow the ___. This is to promote improved flexibility and ROM in the muscles, as they will still be warm from the increased blood flow during the exercise session. 3-5days/week - What frequency of combined aerobic exercise recommended for most adults? 3days/week vigorous-intensity or 5days/week moderate-intensity (or combination of both 3- 5days/week) - Recommendations to promote and maintain health and fitness benefits? 5days/week - Benefits from aerobic exercise performed in excess of ___ have been suggested to plateau as well as increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury and burnout 40-59% - Which percentages of HRR would classify as "moderate" aerobic exercise intensity? 60-89% - Which percentages of HRR would classify as "vigorous" aerobic exercise intensity? maximum HR percentage (%HRmax) -
- Flexibility (e.g. Sit-and-reach test) - To get the most accurate and appropriate information, the following order of testing is recommended: hydration status - Often, several methods of body composition assessment are sensitive to... hydration - Some tests of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness may affect... HR - Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) often uses measures of... muscular fitness and flexibility - Some tests of ___ affect HR sarcopenia - The degenerative loss of muscle mass and thus strength due to reduced PA and aging is known as... osteoporosis - Loss of bone mass due to aging and reduced PA sarcopenia - Is associated w/ a reduced ability to perform daily living activities and increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury muscular strength and endurance - May improve or maintain bone mass and muscle mass, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia YMCA bench press test - Which is NOT a valid test for muscular strength? YMCA bench press - Is a valid test for upper body muscular endurance b/c the test is conducted w/ a set resistance, the goal is to successfully complete as many reps as possible suprailiac - The ___ skinfold site is performed using a diagonal fold method suprailiac - Should be a diagonal fold in line w/ the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest -Maximal exercise testing is reasonable to help determine whether HF is the cause of exercise limitation when contribution of HF is uncertain -Exercise testing should be considered to detect reversible myocardial ischemia and to aid in prescription of exercise training -
Clinical exercise testing among adult patients w/ chronic HF should observe these recommendations: contraindication - Is any situation in which the risk associated w/ undergoing the exercise test is likely to exceed the information to be gained from it reversible myocardial ischemia - Exercise testing should be considered to detect... specificity - Pertains to the ability to correctly identify patients who don't have a given condition specificity - Is the percentage of patients w/o IHD who have a negative test for IHD specificity - Represents the true negative cases among the test sample informed consent form - Provides an explanation of the test to the client and provides evidence that the client was made aware of the purposes, procedures, and risks associated with the test or exercise program cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and ACSM EP-C certification - At minimum, professionals performing fitness assessments on others should possess a combination of... -CRF (Aerobic) -Body comp. -Neuromotor fitness -Muscular strength and endurance -Flexibility - The optimal ExRx should address... active static stretch - Involves holding the stretched position using the strength of the agonist muscle (as is common in many forms of yoga) static stretching - Is characteristic of a lack of movement during the stretch, where the stretch is held for a period of time (10-30sec) source of assistance - The primary difference between active and passive static stretching is the... 5days; 3days - The ACSM recommends a frequency of at least ___ of moderate-intensity exercise or at least ___ of vigorous-intensity exercise per week for aerobic exercise training
___ exercise can be beneficial in individuals who are deconditioned 30-60min/day - Recommended exercise duration for moderate exercise? 7000steps/day - When using a pedometer, how many steps should most individuals achieve? 5400-7900steps/day - The goal of 10,000steps/day is often cited but achieving a pedometer step count of at least ___ can meet recommended exercise targets with the higher end of the range showing more consistent benefit -Muscular endurance -Muscular power -Muscular strength - Muscular fitness refers to... 2-4sets w/ 8-12reps - Ideal RT volume for most adults should be... antihyperlipidemics - Which medication is designed to modify blood cholesterol levels? nitrates/nitrites - Are antianginals used to reduce chest pain associated w/ angina pectoris beta-blockers - Are antihypertensives used to reduce BP by inhibiting the action of adrenergic neurotransmitters at the beta-receptor, thereby promoting peripheral vasodilation antihyperlipidemics - Control blood lipids, especially cholesterol and LDL aspirin - Is used to control for blood platelet stickiness -TG -Sterols (cholesterol) -Phospholipids - Dietary fats include... TG - Represent more than 90% of the fat stored in the body saturated fatty acids - Only have single bonds single bonds - Saturated fatty acids only have...
monounsaturated fatty acids - Have one double bond 1 double bond - Monounsaturated fatty acids have... polyunsaturated fatty acids - Have two or more double bonds 2+ double bonds - Polyunsaturated fatty acids have... TG - Is composed of a glycerol molecule connected to three fatty acids 10mmHg - For every 1 MET increase in exercise intensity during submaximal exercise, SBP should increase approximately... DBP - During dynamic exercise, ___ may not change much or even decrease slightly b/c it represents the pressure in heart dynamic exercise - During ___, DBP may not change much or even decrease slightly b/c it represents the pressure in heart 60% and 90% - The ACSM recommends that, in apparently healthy individuals, aerobic exercise intensity be prescribed within what percentage of HRmax range? 64-70% and 94% HRmax; 40-50% and 85% VO2R - The ACSM recommends that exercise intensity be prescribed within a range of ___ OR between ___ 15-25 (w/ shorter rest intervals and fewer sets [1-2sets]) - The ACSM recommends how many reps of each exercise for muscular endurance? orthopedic and CV complications - For higher intensity exercises, the risk of ___ are increased higher intensity exercises - For ___, the risk of orthopedic and CV complications are increased -Individuals level of fitness, preference for exercise, and program objectives -Presence of medications that may influence exercise performance -Risk of CV or orthopedic injury - Factors to consider when determining exercise intensity include:
-Not a legal document -Doesn't provide legal immunity to a facility or individual in the event of injury -Doesn't relieve the facility or individual of the responsibility to do everything possible to ensure the safety of an individual - Informed consent form? assessment and application of cognitive-behavioral or motivational purposes - To determine program effectiveness, psychological theories provide a conceptual framework for... psychological theories - Are the foundations for effective use of strategies and techniques of effective counseling and motivational skill building for exercise adoption and maintenance theories (psychological) - Provide a conceptual framework for development rather than management, or programs or interventions psychological theories - Facilitate evaluation of program effectiveness, not just measurement of outcomes theory - Is a set of assumptions that accounts for the relationships between certain variables and the behavior of interest flexibility of equipment to allow for different body sizes - An important safety consideration for exercise equipment in a fitness center includes... -Correct anatomic positioning -Ability to adjust to different body sizes -Quality of design and materials -Durability -Repair records -Price - Evaluation criteria for selecting exercise equipment? facility operator/program director - Which personnel is responsible for overall facility management and is often responsible for assisting the development of programs? -Designing programs -Monitoring implementation and safety of programs -Guides staff/clients through program -Purchases equipment/supplies -Surveys clients/staff to assess success and value of program - The characteristics of a good facility operator or program director include: To inform client of participation risks and rights of client and facility - Purpose of agreements, releases, and consent forms?
agreements, releases, and consents - Are documents that clearly describe what the client is participating in, the risks involved, and the right of the client and facility. If signed by the client, he/she is accepting some of the responsibility and risk by participating in this program. True - All fitness facilities are strongly encouraged to have program or service agreements and informed consents drafted by a lawyer for their protection, True or False? -Hypotension or shock -Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia -Heat exhaustion/stroke -Fainting -Simple/compound fractures -Bronchospasm -Seizures -Bleeding (and other cardiac symptoms) - What are some possible medical emergencies that a client can experience during an exercise session? isometric muscle action - Muscle action that occurs when muscle tension increases but the length of the muscle doesn't change isometric (static) muscle action - Occurs when muscle tension increases w/ no overt muscular or limb movement; the length of the muscle doesn't change isometric (static) muscle action - These actions occur when with an attempt to push/pull against an immovable object static strength - Measures of ___ are specific to both the muscle group and joint angle being tested; therefore these tests usefulness to generalize overall muscular strength is limited walking - Which activity provides the greatest improvement in aerobic fitness for someone who is beginning an exercise program? True - Large muscle group activity performed in rhythmic fashion over prolonged periods facilitates the greatest improvements in aerobic fitness, True or False? Weight training - ___ shouldn't be considered an appropriate activity for enhancing aerobic fitness but should be a part of a comprehensive exercise program to improve muscular strength and endurance
SBP -
Failure of the ___ to increase as workload increases indicates an abnormal response to increasing WL -Developing a proper ExRx -Evaluate rate of progress -To motivate - Fitness assessment is an important aspect of the training program b/c it provides information for... ExRx - The data collected through appropriate fitness assessments assist the health fitness specialist in developing safe, effective programs of exercise based on the individual clients' current fitness status rate of progress - Baseline and follow-up testing that indicates progression toward fitness goals Fitness assessments - ___ provide information needed to develop reasonable and attainable goals True - Progress toward or attainment of a goal is a strong motivator for continued participation in an exercise program, True or False? progressive overload - Is a principle of training that states that the stress on the musculoskeletal system needs to progressively increase in order to keep producing greater force -Intensity (resistance) -# of reps/sets -# of exercise sessions per week - Progressive overload can be achieved by increasing... exercise adherence - Is increased when there's social and health care provider support for individual, a regular schedule of exercise is established, muscle soreness and injury are minimal, and individualized attainable goals and objectives are identified -Decreased HR at rest -Increased SV at rest -No change in Q at rest - What is a change seen as a result of regular (chronic) aerobic exercise? -At rest -During moderate (submaximal) exercise -Maximal effort exercise - The effects of regular (chronic) aerobic exercise can be grouped or classified into those that occur...
-Decreased sympathetic tone and intrinsic firing rate of SA node -Increased parasympathetic tone - Resting HR declines w/ regular exercise probably b/c of a combination of... -Time for ventricular filling -Myocardial contractility - SV decreases at rest w/ regular exercise as a result of increased... SV - ___ decreases at rest w/ regular exercise as a result of increased time for ventricular filling increased myocardial contractility Resting HR - ___ declines w/ regular exercise probably b/c of a combination of decreased sympathetic tone, increased parasympathetic tone, decreased intrinsic firing rate of SA node cardiac output (Q) - Little or no change occurs in ___ with regular exercise b/c the decline in HR is compensated for by the increase in SV TTM - Key components of the ___ are the processes of behavioral change Cognitive processes: -Consciousness raising -Dramatic relief -Environmental reevaluation -Self-reevaluation -Social liberation Behavioral processes: -Counterconditioning -Helping relationships -Reinforcement management -Self-liberation -Stimulus control - The processes of behavioral change include 5 cognitive processes and 5 behavioral processes:
of curl-ups in 1min -
A measure of muscular endurance is... -Bench press (for upper body) -Push-up (for upper body) -Curl-up (crunch) (for abdominal) - Common assessments for muscular endurance? bench press test (for upper body) -
stabilization - Allows musculature surrounding the injury to relax -In-services -Safety plans -Emergency procedures - Implementing emergency procedures is an important part of the training of the staff. ___ should all be a part of the staff training. -Lowering center of gravity -Increasing size of base of support -Moving center of gravity closer to center of base of support - What would increase stability? Stability - ___ would also be increased by increasing the size of the base of support, by moving the center of gravity closer to the center of the base of support, or both increased DBP - In those with known CVD, aerobic exercise may illicit ___ at the beginning of exercise increased DBP - During aerobic exercise, what responses would NOT be considered normal in individuals w/o CVD? frequency - An exercise program for elderly persons generally should emphasize increased... -CV -Balance -Flexibility - Increased frequency of exercise is generally recommended for adults to optimize ___ adaptations arteriosclerosis - The loss of elasticity or "hardening" of the arteries arteriosclerosis - Hardening of the arteries, is a loss of arterial elasticity and is associated with aging atherosclerosis - Is a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by an accumulation of obstructive lesions within the arterial wall adventitia - The outermost layer of the artery wall that provides the media and intima with oxygen and other nutrients
health belief model - Assumes that a person will adopt appropriate health behaviors if he/she feels the consequences are severe and feel personally vulnerable HBM - Is a theoretical framework to help explain and predict interventions to increase PA learning theories - Assume that overall complex behavior arises from many small simple behaviors. By reinforcing partial behaviors and modifying cues in the environment, it's possible to shape the desired behavior. -Shorter duration -Lower intensity -Higher frequency - Generally, low-fit or sedentary persons may benefit from ___ of exercise intensity and duration - The number of times per day or per week that a person exercises is interrelated with both the ___ of activity -Individual goals -Preferences -Limitations - ___ will also determine frequency and the relationship between duration, frequency, and intensity -Personal medical history -Present medical status -Medication - In commercial settings, clients should be more extensively screened for potential health risks. The information solicited should include... strategic plan - Is the planning tool that addresses the organization's short- and long-term goals strategic plan - Addresses strategic decisions of the organization in defining short- and long-term goals and serves as the overarching planning tool True - Health and fitness programs, financial plans, risk management efforts, and marketing plans only address subsegments within the overall strategic plan, True or False? gradually increase in distance weekly w/ a slighty lower distance Sunday every 4th week or so - When periodizing training for a marathon runner (26.2 miles) who is doing a long run each Sunday. Each Sunday run should... all modes of weight-bearing exercise -
