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Action Verbs
Cognitive Domain
This list of action verbs can be used in the development of program-level outcomes or course-level learning objectives in the cognitive domain. It is adapted from Jerrold Kemp’s “Shopping List of Verbs” (2014) and based upon Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. Each column includes (1) category from Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning, (2) definition of the category, and (3) action verbs associated with that category.
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Knowledge of terms, facts, conventions, classifications, etc.
Comprehension of ideas, translations, interpretations, extrapolation
Use of knowledge, problem solving, etc.
Examination of parts of information
Fusion of ideas to produce unique plan, structure, pattern, etc.
Forming judgments based on criteria and evidence
Define Characterize Apply Analyze Arrange Appraise Describe Classify Change Appraise Assemble Argue Identify Convert Choose Breakdown Collect Assess Label Defend Compute Calculate Combine Choose List Discuss Demonstrate Categorize Comply Compare Name Distinguish Discover Compare Compose Conclude Recognize Establish Dramatize Contrast Construct Contrast Recall Estimate Employ Criticize Create Defend Repeat Explain Interpret Diagram Design Describe State Express Extend Generalized Illustrate Indicate Infer Locate Paraphrase Predict Recognize Relate Review Rewrite Summarize Translate
Manipulate Model Modify Operate Practice Predict Prepare Produce Relate Schedule Show Sketch Solve Use Write
Differentiate Discriminate Distinguish Examine Experiment Identify Illustrate Infer Model Outline Point out Question Relate Select Separate Subdivide Test
Develop Devise Explain Formulate Generate Plan Prepare Rearrange Reconstruct Relate Reorganize Revise Rewrite Set up Synthesize Tell Write
Discriminate Estimate Evaluate Explain Interpret Judge Justify Predict Rate Relate Select Support Value
Affective Domain
This list of action verbs can be used in the development of program-level outcomes or course-level learning objectives in the affective domain. It is adapted from Kathy V. Waller’s “Writing Instructional Objectives” guide 1. The “[developmental] affective domain in concerned with changes (growth) in interests, attitudes and values. It is divided into five major classes arranged in hierarchical order based on level of involvement (from receiving, to characterization by a value)” (Waller, n.d., p.4). Each column includes (1) category from Krathwohl’s (as cited in Waller, n.d.) affective domain taxonomy (2) definition of the category, and (3) action verbs associated with that category.
Receiving Responding Valuing Organization Characterization
Attend to stimuli React to stimuli
Attach significance to ideas Build value system
Internalize values that guide behavior
Ask Acknowledge Attend (to) Follow Listen Meet Observe Receive
Agree Allow Answer Ask Assist Attempt Choose Communicate Comply Conform Cooperate Demonstrate Describe Discuss Display Exhibit Follow Give Help Identify Locate Notify Obey Offer Participate (in) Present Read Relay Reply Report Respond Select Try
Adopt Aid Care (for) Complete Complement Contribute Delay Encourage Endorse Enforce Evaluate Expedite Foster Guide Initiate Interact Join Justify Maintain Monitor Praise Preserve Propose Query React Respect Seek Share Study Subscribe Suggest Support Thank Uphold
Anticipate Collaborate Confer Consider Consult Coordinate Design Direct Establish Facilitate Follow through Investigate Judge Lead Manage Modify Organize Oversee Plan Qualify Recommend Revise Simplify Specify Submit Synthesize Test Vary Weigh
Act Administer Advance Advocate Aid Challenge Change Commit (to) Counsel Criticize Debate Defend Disagree Dispute Empathize Enhance Excuse Forgive Influence Motivate Negotiate Object Persevere Persist Praise Profess Promote Promulgate Question Reject Resolve Seek Serve Strive Solve Tolerate Volunteer (for)
(^1) Waller, K. (n.d.). Writing instructional objectives. Retrieved from:
http://www.cetla.howard.edu/teaching_resources/Curriculum_Design/docs/Learning%20Objectives.pdf
