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Please write clearly in block capitals. | Centre number |] caste mamier ||| | Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature | declare this is my own work. A-level PHYSICS Paper 2 Monday 9 June 2025 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours Materials For this paper you must have: For Examiner's Use a pencil and a ruler Question Mark * a scientific calculator 1 « a Data and Formulae Booklet * a protractor. Instructions ¢ Use black ink or black ball-point pen, « Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. « Answer all questions. « You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 734 outside the box around each page or on blank pages. « If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of TOTAL this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). « Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. « Show all your working. aio) &/) ow] hm Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 85. You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate. A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert. ee th Se rrr Section A Answer all questions in this section. 0|1 Information about the radius of a nucleus can be deduced from the closest approach of alpha particles and from electron diffraction. 0|1.|4]| Alpha particles, each with a kinetic energy of 5.59 MeV, are fired at a thin foil made of gold (135 Au} atoms. Some of the alpha particles are scattered through an angle of | 80°. Estimate the radius of a 19 Au nucleus from this information. [3 marks] pie: K & c Moy Wane K® Ke ; K Kee: = 14 a 26x10 6 74+ Leen? ~iM = [« 0 6 6 A1 0 | S S4ALCAtO x unCheraco*) ai radius of nucleus = U-Oo7410 m [o[1].[2] Explain why your answer to Question 01.1 is an estimate. [2 marks] Tle Aha pe dee wt cow fo pep ohm Sofa 7 bre puch, ue fe diffena mequeedl Aon Bd | dg hee ny ples he dish lchaeen prt iwfov ffs meters enrol fine uw 4 hae pte parte MM IBMiJun2s/740B/2 Do not write outside the box Do not write outside the 1 |.| 4) Results from electron-diffraction experiments lead to the equation: box | R= RAP Show that the equation provides evidence for the constant density of nuclear material. [2 marks] ahi nines mas} Mass = § ini Volant yoAAwnt s t A nr? = Yn tA /s Aum m § _ satan 5] = Yon hy* he upto ak an oth hunt danny O Cnrthent | AMIE IBMidun2s/7408/2 Do not write outside the ey bax [o|2. The derivation of the equation pl’ = aN m(c,,,)° is based on several assumptions. [o|2].[4] One of these assumptions is that particle motion is random. State what is meant by random particle motion. [2 marks] pdr pyort 1 lh 8 ents in a0) dyicefien | 0/2 /)\.!2)| State two other assumptions required for this derivation. [2 marks] (a 1 (udlisten| oe eh hic —= Ke + menvhn A Copenh V e aT | 2 Jon Veta he Nf whl 0 ‘an aed i nae fo We yore 7 Mrs COApey AL Nice easy written gc@ Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over » 05 leyMidun2s/7a4onl2 |o|2|.| 4 MMe 0|2|.|5| MIN Do not write outside the bow The average kinetic energy of the particles of an ideal gas is equal to Ser : This is not true for a real gas. Helium behaves as an ideal gas. The temperature of a sample of helium gas is increased from 27 °C to 77 °C. Calculate the change in the average kinetic energy of a helium atom in the sample, [1 mark] = ier 4 bers to cont fo Keliun a Ye al dalferenie vot ht ft f 3 -a) Jew-~t Ay be Veato ) (17-27) = (fhozpraac* = 3) change in average kinetic energy = Loeuat J When an ideal gas is heated at constant volume, all of the energy supplied by heating is used to increase the average kinetic energy of the particles. When water vapour is heated at constant volume, its specific heat capacity is 400 J kg! Ko. Deduce whether walter Vajptdiglatalpioiie tins tin iamliltecetitentilaeinieaiatins constant volume. Starting fo get a bit tricky mass of a water molecule = 3.0 x 10 °° kg [3 marks] () = Mm (OT (uA on fe IK aera ent t rents Qrewd + gxie*®. yoo | = ape re OC = Woke « A Nk AT = 21 - . Art + Mean le 2.074 1008 [wa are torent) bene warty oper hves prt ot as om itt ped Turn over IB/M/Jun25/T408/2 | 0/3 A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) uses radioactive decay to generate electrical energy. A vehicle that is used to examine the surface of Mars includes an RTG that initially contains 3.23 x 10°4 atoms of plutonium-238 0/3).| 1) Determine the initial mass of plutonium-238 in the RTG. [2 marks] N= aNa~ My = 236 5 ral! « 7 ee me n My ay Ne 2,021,410 . ABE rue =—__ = . Na G-oaaar *! ce if aks initial mass = (2 yey kg Yeah just abit of chem ll | IBMidun2s/7408/2 Do not write outside the bow 10 3 |. 3.| The vehicle has a battery-powered laser that is used to vaporise small samples of ice. On Mars, ice changes directly from solid to vapour at a temperature of 0 °C. The ice does not form a liquid. The energy required to vaporise |.0 g of solid ice directly into water vapour is the same as the total energy required to melt 1.0 g of ice and then to vaporise the melted ice. The laser produces an output power of 1.0 kW for a maximum time of 3.0 s before its battery needs to be recharged. The laser heats the ice from an initial temperature of —25 °C to a temperature of 0.0 °C. The laser then transfers energy to vaporise the ice at 0.0 °C. Determine whether the laser is able to vaporise 1.0 g of the ice that is initially at ~25 °C before the battery needs to be recharged. specific heat capacity of ice = 2, - specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 33Me fd areal 4 long qe specific latent heat of vaporisation = 2508 . [4 marks] Qofe by Shik —m gor en moe Yep tse al ued ) m> 1210 Xe war a's Gi. meat + mt rd me eae! oj (ua vey? | Cia = a.taiot Dye re Cy geurlO> Ty, ~! g d tye eget » Qs wml “3 bes £ pou R10 Thy © (elt + gipaes! = aroos Groot ger: akee. 5 T Wane t perpinal = Meee Sf + = ——— : gja.tiw {. bus bw lw on Verpenit fa ja mi 3 Joljd —m Giga oe 0 fan fulrt GT of a+ 4 ote e i * "3 sae (are ar + 33uai0)) | 4b #16 w jooow | Youn OA yuk of my Do not write outsico the bow Gyap acroS sperm ottea IBMiJun2s/740B/2 10 11 Do not write outside the 4|..1| Mimas and Enceladus are moons of Saturn. box Mimas orbits at a height of 1.28 x 10° m above the surface of Saturn. The orbital period of Mimas is 0.94 Earth days. Enceladus orbits at a height of 1.80 « 10° m above the surface of Satum. Calculate, in Earth days, the orbital period of Enceladus. radius of Saturn = 5.8 « 10’ m [3 marks] Rahir e. anapgret ¢ f-¢ale Ss ECAC Mm Ne = Verio ye Pega lo7 = Lega 10? vA hey ly 3 ow vr! et? ft 4 Tw _ Fm — = _ Te a te 5 Te = Tt be* = o-au’, 2.x t0t —_—_—_—_—_—_—— tm? leecxret - [3eu) orbital period = 1.96 Earth days Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over » | Ih | I IBYMiun25/7408/2 11 13 Do not write outside the | 0|4).|2) A student suggests that, over the range of distances shown in Figure 2, the ss gravitational field strength due to the mass of Saturn alone is approximately constant. Explain why the suggestion is correct. [1 mark] ov ee nda ee a j op Wie ‘inne 7 fs rt fetal _—— ) euptl hut fuk WA be othe ia hoe giv recy) | 0|4).,3) Ata point P, the resultant gravitational field strength due to Saturn and Titan is zero. Determine, using the solid line in Figure 2, the distance from Saturn to P. plow q joid Wie b why fardht pe 20 [1 mark] t&fia-or cio? [mceeo™ ; distance = 12-04 «to m 0|4)..4) The centre of Titan is 12.22 « 10° m from the centre of Saturn. Show that the gravitational potential due to the mass of Titan at a distance of 12.08 = 10° m fram Saturn is about —7 « 10° J kg! Go on to determine the mass of Titan. \ / V (3 marks] Pe : Al feb r ies Vike e Veg — Viste ok 1B 10H Ole | _ ie ab os Be COP hve = fm. r r $.aal 2.1392 ° xl > bo-rpere 51") Z -7a0 10% ke Ven GM Ulan Ce 14. Ate — 1g og xtot r = '4arg? Ve m3 Dead question cus of graph mass = fureco kg 8 Turn over » | It I IB/MiJun25/T408/2 13 14 Do not write outsice tha 0/|5/).| 1) A material used between the plates of a capacitor has a dielectric constant of 7.0 ace State what is meant by a dielectric constant of 7.0 [1 mark] le pele prrreth uh 4 f hee click tnt i T bath petty finer het [PR Sf. haw Lengat ta feet h amen Des Capersed ar ye Oehithrl pel” prepet Figure 3 shows a circuit that is used to charge and discharge a capacitor, Figure 3 A id Wan tt a ot a | teyrt i remen ai oT: = o fy Yang bd penitee { i rive raat Ala ri i . a «fo fea Cet youll w le | “8 - — «x Alto patie posiiinu The battery has negligible internal resistance. an wt Afenw = 4 The two resistors in the circuit are identical. iene. Tee? aapehet The capacitor is fully charged and the switch is then moved from position A to position B at time ¢= 0 Figure 4 shows the variation of the microammeter reading with ¢ until ¢= 120 s. RRM Cheeky bit of capacitance® G 36.re Ae fr ola ft pir -ser ln | Z| a € Tedo —m Es fot aw ee: 2P.l 1 4 IBMidun2s/7408/2 14 16 Do not write outside the 5 |. 4| The capacitor is fully discharged and then the switch is moved from position B to oe position A as shown in Figure 3. Draw, on Figure 5, the variation of the microammeter reading with time after the switch is moved to position A. In Figure 5, the time is 0 at the instant when the switch is moved to position A. [3 marks] Figure 5 SOs es 30 = o t a. 20-++ 10 microammeter ou reading / pA ou ia | beet tasuseaueueeees ferus, ba ua T coc HEEL eet Toe es Explanation 2 pages before. 8 =—§Q-tooth 16 IBM Jun25/740Bl2 16 17 Do not write outside the 6 lons orbit Jupiter in a ring called a plasma torus as shown in Figure 6. bor This question is about applying gravitational, magnetic and electric fields to a particle in the plasma. Figure 6 plasma torus Jupiter ion 4.22\x 108m y = An ion travels in a circular path at a speed of 74.2 kms ' and ata distance of 4.22 x 10° m from the centre of Jupiter. 6 | 1| Student A suggests that the gravitational force acting on the ion due to Jupiter provides the centripetal acceleration of the ion. Deduce whether this suggestion is correct. mass of Jupiter = 1.90 10°’ kg [3 marks] a > GM _ CEPA x [.ax107" Fe = > o:7tms* ( aarot)? a oO -. Syertu? ath = v 2 (ware) x it.eres7 4 pawxot otam * 2 rg.er povbeet fe aot tut fe atu ~- was rile partion - Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over ll Ill | IB/M/Jun25/740B/2 17 19 Do not write a; outside the The ion has a charge of +3.20 = 10°!’ C and a mass of 5.31 = 10° kg. box fole|.[3] The ion moves with a speed of 74.2 kms | in a circle of radius 4.22 * 10° m, pee Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic flux density required for this motion. State, in fundamental (base) units, the unit for your answer. Ignore any contribution from the gravitational field. Q . pane” i 2b me Calero 6 Ei, = bav my? , &av a rs 4 ga KO mi sR —m Bik row r@ bee Vv > ew ekaiem $e: 2 7 Re TT ee ie lL yaaatols S gyig | " Esitlh vane gon't = £-49410 Be eg mt 3 ayo Te rs ee De ae magnetic flux density = 2.axto” unit = Bera 7 {o|6|.[4] An electric field of strength 371 ,.V m’! can also accelerate the ion. Calculate the acceleration of the ion due to this electric field. [3 marks] ea f:€@ ast. ae acceleration = 22%¢ ms? Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over 19 IaWidun2si74oRr2 19 20 Do not write outside the 0/6).|5)| The plasma torus contains two ions X and ¥ as shown in Figure 8. - X has a charge of +2e. Y has a charge of +le. Assume that each ion acts as a point charge. Figure 8 2.0cm uv 2.0 cm i -----------4-x ¥O@=-=---- € Calculate the magnitude of the resultant electric field strength at point P in Figure 8 due to the two ions. ce £8 fe “7 Dont mind it” 4 -19 FAO Ka KCK HO [3 marks] 0.024 ys fox t, p.baio | = 24g aro" * o.ga7 a » Gras, fxravae}* « 4 fF-ou are ad Vm"! 13 resultant electric field strength = §. 64 x6 Overall decent section. Some gs took abit too long for what they were worth 20 IBM Jun25/740BI2 20 
