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ACVPM Infectious Diseases
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80% mortality in baby poultry What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ survival and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Generally increases in wetter/humid times of the year which could impact disease rates with climate change Five fold increase in years after el nino Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ RNA virus, so poor fidelity when replicating Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ H5/H Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ High path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ have receptors in their respiratory tract for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ cattle, sheep, and goats What are the symptoms of Q fever in people? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ mild flu like symptoms, can be severe causing heart and liver problems How is Q fever spread? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid, placenta, and feces (ticks possible, raw milk) What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy herds? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of small operations testing positive and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive with PCR What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ southwest (it lives in the soil) What are the symptoms of coccidioides infection? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ fever/cough/rash/muscle aches, severe cases can cause chronic pneumonia and/or meningitis
Who is most at risk of coccidioides? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ those with work place exposure (military, border guards), those over 60, women in 3rd trimester, immunocompromised What is the reservoir of Baylisascaris procyonis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ racoon What species can be infected by B. procyonis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Almost anything to include chickens, quails, dogs, cats, rabbits. Which typically get it on their fur from the soil and ingest during grooming. What are the common sequela of B procyonis infection in people? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ visceral, ocurlar, or neural larval migrans What disinfectant works best on B procyonis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ none :( How do raccoons get B procyonis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Grooming each other when young, ingesting infected animals (such as rodents) Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis contamination - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ The use communal latrines which can be manmade or natural structures such as woodpiles, trash cans, flower beds, sand boxes What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 14 days Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Vectors (ticks, fleas, sandflies) What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ RED RASH, flu like symptoms, lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities What are the symptoms of progressive inflammatory neuropathy in people and where do they get it from? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ minor weakness and numbness to paralysis, particularly of the lower extremities, which worsens over time swine slaughterhouses, particularly those that work with the heads during processing, possibly related to the use of compressed air to extract brain material What is the infectious agent for progressive inflammatory neuropathy? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ unknown, thought to be an autoimmune response to antigens associated with porcine brain matter Where is anthrax found in the U.S.? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ West of the Mississippi river (recent single case in Indiana) What are the clinical signs of anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ difficult to diagnose on CS alone, incomplete rigor mortis, blood from orifices, rapid decomposition
What causes Monkey Fever? How is it transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ KFD is a tick-borne viral infection that transmits from monkeys to humans through tick bite. What is another name for Monkey Fever? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Kyasanur forest disease What is the causative agent of Monkey Fever? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV), a member of the genus Flavivirus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. What species maintain the Monkey Fever virus? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Ticks, mammals, and bird cycles. In which 2 countries is wild type polio virus still circulating? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Afghanistan and Pakistan Due to vaccine shortage, what is the current recommendation for polio vaccination (how many doses, when, and what route)? What was previous recommendation? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Fractional dose (0.1 ml or 1/5 of regular dose) intradermally at 6 and 14 wks of age; Single, full dose (0.5 ml) intramuscularly What was the rationale for switching from the oral polio vaccine (OPV) to the inactivated (injectable) polio vaccine (IPV)? Compare bivalent and trivalent OPV. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ With the decline of WPV associated paralytic disease, paralytic disease related to the attenuated oral polio vaccine virus has become more significant. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), in collaboration with national health authorities and experts developed the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. Critical in this plan was the elimination of the OPV type 2 virus from the OPV, creating a bivalent OPV (bOPV) so as to eliminate a potential source of additional cVDPV2. To continue protection of the population against cVDPV2, all countries currently using tOPV (trivalent OPV) were to introduce at least one dose of IPV as part of the immunization schedule at 14 weeks. Seneca Valley Virus is a.k.a. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Senecavirus A What family is Seneca Valley Virus in? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Picornaviridae Coccidioidomycosis AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Valley Fever Rinderpest AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Cattle Plague Equine Babesiosis AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Equine Piroplasmosis Vesicular Stomatitis Virus AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Sore Tongue Cat Scratch Fever AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Oroya Fever Erysipelas AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Diamond Skin Dz Equine Infectious Anemia AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Swamp Fever Dengue AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Breakbone Fever
Hog Cholera AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Classical Swine Fever Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) AKA - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Maedi-Visna (maedi = pneumonia, visna = wasting) 3 forms of anthrax - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Cutaneous, GI, and Inhalation Most common form of anthrax in humans worldwide - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Cutaneous Primary antimicrobial component of initial regimen for all forms of systemic anthrax (until susceptibility data available)? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Ciprofloxacin What are the symptoms of zika virus? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ fever, rash, muscle pain, headache, pain behind eyes, conjuctivitis What type of virus is Zika? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ flavivirus Aside from mosquitos, how is zika transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ blood transfusions, sexual transmission, perinatal What samples are used in zika testing? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ saliva/urine: days 3-5, serum days 1- What regions does Aedes aegypti live? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Tropical and subtropical What regions does Aedes albopictus live? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions (came from Asia) Why is Rift Valley Fever high risk for U.S. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ competent vector (Aedes mosquitos), high viremia of infected animals, and climate change Where is rift valley fever typically found and where did it recently spread to? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ sub-saharan Africa, recently spread to middle easy (yemen, saudi arabia) Why is the risk of RVF introduction through importation of live animals low? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Live animal imports are banned due to foot and mouth disease in the countries where RVF exists. Where and by what is Babesia microti transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ northeast/upper midwest, ixodes scapularis What are the symptoms of babesiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ hemoloytic anemia, dark urine, fevers/chills, anorexia, faitgue, arhtralgia What population is primarily affected by cysticercosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Hispanic What are the symptoms of cysticercosis in people? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ neurologic, epilepsy, headaches
What are the signs of Blue Tongue? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Fever, Nasal discharge, Swelling & necrotic lesions of the tongue, gums and lips, Lameness in later stages What are the signs of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Fever, Drooling, Reddening & necrotic ulceration of oral mucosa, Painful feet- reluctance to move What dz is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides spp mycoides? Signs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia. Coughing, DOB, oral/nasal discharges, edema of lungs, loss of condition What disease is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides spp capri? Signs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia. Fibrinous pneumonia What viral family causes Malignant Catarrhal Fever? Signs? Is it contagious among cattle? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Ovine herpesvirus 2. Depression, oral/nasal discharge, dyspnea. *Always see corneal opacity. No What are the signs of Lumpy Skin Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Fever, Depression, Intradermal cutaneous nodules, Swollen LN What is the main difference between Avian influenza and Newcastle disease? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Newcastle has very high mortality What vaccine will protect cattle from lumpy skin disease? What are the scars called from LSD? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Sheep pox. Sitfasts Are the ulcerations of Bovine viral diarrhea necrotic? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ No! (Rinderpest and Bluetongue do) What is the etiology of Vesicular Stomatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Vesiculovirus (Rhabdoviridae) How many/what are the Vesicular Stomatitis strains? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 2. VSV-NJ. VSV-IN How many species are affected by VSV? What is the vector? What age groups are typically affected? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ multiple. definitive vector is unidentified. all ages are susceptible Pathogenesis of VSV (5) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 1. virus is spread via saliva. 2. virus inoculated into skin. 3. replicated in lower layer of epidermis. 4. hematogenous spread. 5. 1-3d incubation Describe the onset of CS in VSV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ incubation period of 3- 5d. vesicles coalesce. lesions on coronary band, genitalia, mammary gland, respiratory tract - turbinates, nasopharynx, larynx. gastroenteritis, colic. skin lesions heal - but are depigmented What do VSV lesions look like?? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ FMD
If you suspect VSV what is your next step? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ CONTACT AUTHORITIES If samples for a possible VSV+ horse are collected, how should they be sent? why? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Under securited conditions to authorized lab - to prevent spread of dz Dx of VSV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ PCR. FMD not in Equine. Vesicular Dz in Equine = VSV How to control the spread of VSV? (5) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ "disinfect w/10% bleach. vaccine ????? Efficiacy. NOTIFY VET REGULATORY. Quarantine Movement restriction for 30 days" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Is VSV dna or rna? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ rna Is African Horse Sickness in the US? Then, why the **** do we care? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ NO. b/c it seems to be spreading What is etiology of AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ orbivirus AHS: rna, ssdna, dsdna? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ dsdna How many serotypes of AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 9 What is the vector of AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ arthropod Can other animals be affected by AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ yes k9s who eat horse meat What is the possible reservoir of AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ zebra What is the mortality rate of AHS? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 50-95% 3 steps of pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 1. inital replication site unknown. 2. hematogeneous spread. 3. secondary replication in endothelial celsl How many clinically distinct form of AHS are there? What are they - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 4 - pulmonary. Cardiac. Fever. mixed = pulmonary + cardiac Describe the incubation, CS, and mortality of the pulmonary form of AHS - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 3-5d incubation. fever, anorexia, depression, coughing, dyspnea, serous nasal discharge. >95% mortality w/n 4-5d Describe the incubation, CS, and mortality of the cardic form of AHS - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ longer incubation. fever, 7-12d post infection - edematous swelling of dorsal regions, SUPRAORBITAL FOSSAE, EYELIDS, intramandibular space. 50-70% mortality Describe the incubation, CS, and mortality of the fever form of AHS - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ mild to subclinical - up to 14d incubation. low grade fever. all recover
How do you Dx Borna? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ virus specic Ab in serum or CSF How is Borna controlled? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ hygiene What Dzs must a horse be negative for to gain entry into the US? (4??) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ EIA. Piroplasmosis. Congtagious Equine Metritis. Dourine What is the etiology of Piroplasmosis? Which is most pathogenic? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Babesia equi (most pathogenic), Babesia caballi How is Piroplasmosis transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ ticks What are the CS of Piroplasmosis? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ very quick onset - incubation 5-28d. fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, anorexia, depression, incoordination, mucous discharge How is Piroplasmosis Dx? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ ELISA. Infected RBCs stain Giemsa What is the Tx of Piroplasmosis? What should you be careful of? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Imidocarb - toxic and theraputic indices are very close + illegal What is the etiology of CEM? How many are there? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Taylorella equigenitalia - 2 strains How is Contagious Equine Metritis transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ breeding What are the CS of Contagious Equine Metritis? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ temporary infertitility in mare. white mucopurulent vaginal discharge. failure to conceive - plasmacytic endometritis, cervicitis How is CEM Dx? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Females - culture cliteral sinus. Males - breed stallion to clean mare + culture How is CEM Tx? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ AB = PCN. Screening of animals - stallions, mare over 2 years of age What are the other names for Pigeon Breast? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Pigeon Fever. Dryland Distemper What is the etiology of Pigeon Breast? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis When/Where is Pigeon Breast most common? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Late summer and fall in SW US - area is increasing annually What is the etiology of Glanders? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Pseudomonas mallei What is another name for Glanders? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Farcy Whats the mortality rate of Glanders? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ 95% Is Glanders an acute or chronic dz? Do most recover? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ "chronic
no, fatal" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ What are the 3 forms of Glanders? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ nasal, pulmonary, cutaneous CS of nasal Glanders - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ ulcerated regions along turbinates CS of pulmonary Glanders - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ tubercle formation in lung parenchyma CS of cutaneous Glanders (3) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Farcy" - lesion occur along lymph vessels, chronic draining abcesses, healed lesions have a star shape Tx of Glanders - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ AB are effect but may cause asymptomatic carriers You Dx a horse with VSV, after contacting the authorities, your client tells you that the affected horse was in a pasture with a small ruminent. Are you concerned about the small ruminent? What are you concerned about? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ NO
- they are resistant. Your client and your exposure - this is a ZOONOTIC dz - also other horses, camlid, cattle, pigs that may have been exposed How is VSV spread? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ direct contact w/infected animals or contaiminated objects. vectors - sandfly & black fly How are humans infected with VSV? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Contact with infected tissues, vesicular fluid, saliva, Vector injection, Blackfly, sandfly, Aerosol transmission in a laboratory setting What's your DDx? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ /images/upload-flashcards/front/7/4/30947815_m.jpg T/F VSV is MORE contagious than FMD. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ F T/F VSV lesions are typically at multiple points in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ F. tend to be only at one point of the body VSV Tx - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ SUPPORTIVE - fresh, clean water; soft food. ABs for 2nd infections Px of VSV - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Good Control VSV (3) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ NOTIFY AUTHORITIES. Quarantine, Movement restriction for 30 days AHS is viscerotrophic, what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ having a predilection for the abdominal and thoracic viscera Is AHS spread via direct contact b/w horses? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ No, arthropod vector Is there a vector capable of transmiting AHS in the US? If so, what is it? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Yes! Culicoides
What is the human health concern with Borna Virus? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ ABs have been isolated from Hu w/psychiatric disorder 䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿ 䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲 ╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲 ╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈ 䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿ 䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲 䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈ 䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿ 䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲 ╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈ 䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲 ╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲 䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈ 䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲 ◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲 䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲 ╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲 ╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲◿ 䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ╈䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈◿䡲◿䡲䡲╈䡲䡲䡲䡲╈䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲 ◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿䡲◿ Vesicular diseases - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), - Vesicular Stomatitis (VSV), -Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD), -Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) Triad of vesicular diseases -what is it -importance - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -when you see Fever, Lameness and vesicles think Foreign animal disease -call state vet How to distinguish between different vesicular diseases - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -need laboratory diagnostic workup Foot and Mouth Disease -what is it - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals FMD susceptible animals - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Ruminants, Swine, Hedgehogs, Nutria, Rats, Elephants, Armadillos FMD -common US susceptible animals - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ cattle, bison, pigs, sheep, goats, deer
FMD Family Genus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ Picornaviridae Genus: Aphthovirus FMD virus morphology - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ pos. sense ssRNA non-enveloped 7 serotypes with 60 subtypes Why is FMD a Quasi species? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -constantly changing True or False: Two thirds of the world has FMD - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -True True or False FMD is feared internationally because of its high mortality - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -False "True or False - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -FMD would be easily detectable from the clinical signs" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -False True or False If introduced in the US, an FMD outbreak would be quickly stamped out"" - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -False True or False Costs from eradication and indemnities would be greater than costs from loss of trade and consumer fears - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -False Main endemic areas of FMD - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -Africa -Asia Why is an outbreak of FMD in England unique? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -occurred at a research facility (failure in sewage system) Animal not affected by FMD importance - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ horses FMD differential FMD effects in adults - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ not very lethal, loss in production (dec. weight gain, dec. milk prod.), loss of international markets, losses in eradication What can be the effects of an FMD breakout in the US? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ slaughter of 10% US cattle, sheep, swine, $27 billion in lost revenue, possibility to never regain lost export market Why is FMD so contagious? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -takes about 10 FMD virions to infect (which is not a lot) FMD - how do animals become infected? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ -inhalation (direct contact within herds is primary mechanism of spread) -ingestion - reproduction FMD -most common method of spread between herds - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ - movement of infected animals* Also: -contaminated vehicles, equipment, people, animal products FMD survival in meat - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔ survives for a long time if pH is above 6.2, survives in frozen LNs, bone marrow, viscera, survives in well salted meats & non-pasteurized dairy products
