Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Types of Stem Cells and Alzheimacy's Role | Study Guides, Projects, Research Biology

Stem Cell Therapy

Alzheimer’s Treatment with Stem Cells

Since the successful acquisition of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, scientists have begun to

study the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with stem cells. The possible mechanisms of

stem cell therapy for AD include repairing and replacing damaged neurons, reconstructing neural

circuits and functions, secreting trophic factors, and inhibiting amyloid protein formation. Using

stem cells to treat AD is rapidly gaining momentum and considered to be the most potential

treatment option for radical curing of this disease, as animal model-based researches indicate

optimistic results, in addition, the world’s first stem cell drug derived from mesenchymal stem

cells has been approved for the treatment of AD. Nonetheless, it is necessary to study the safety

and efficacy of stem cell therapy prior to human clinical trials.

The stem cells currently utilized for the research and development of stem cell therapy in AD

mainly include neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells

(ESCs), as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

•Neural stem cells (NSCs): NSC plays an important role in nerve development and repair

of damaged nerve tissue. Moreover, the paracrine function of NSCs has shown great

therapeutic potential. In addition, genetic modification of NSCs with improved function

also has a good effect on the treatment of AD.

•Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): MSC is regarded as the most promising candidate for

the stem cell therapy in AD, because its effectiveness and safety have been confirmed by

many pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. MSCs utilized in researches of stem cell

therapy in AD mainly include bone marrow-derived MSCs, umbilical cord-derived MSCs

and adipose tissue-derived MSCs, etc.

•Embryonic stem cells (ESCs): Theoretically, the differentiation potential of ESCs is

excellent, and some rodent animal model-based studies have shown that transplantation of

ESCs can restore cognitive function, however, clinical transformation is limited because

undifferentiated ESCs may bring the risk of uncontrolled cell growth and tumor

formation.

•Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): The sources of iPSCs are stable, and immune

rejection is less. Structurally and functionally mature neurons are derived from iPSCs and

synaptic networks with electrophysiological activity are formed. The use of some

additional transcription factors during induction may also allow stem cells directly

differentiate into specific neuronal subtypes.

About Alzheimacy

Although there are above-mentioned types of stem cells available for the development of stem cell

therapy in AD, stem cells from each source have their own shortcomings. For example, NSCs are

highly immunogenic and may produce strong immune rejection; ESCs may bring the risk of

uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation, therefore, the development of specific therapies

must be comprehensively evaluated for effectiveness and safety, and then the prospect of clinical

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Stem Cell Therapy Alzheimer’s Treatment with Stem Cells Since the successful acquisition of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, scientists have begun to study the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with stem cells. The possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for AD include repairing and replacing damaged neurons, reconstructing neural circuits and functions, secreting trophic factors, and inhibiting amyloid protein formation. Using stem cells to treat AD is rapidly gaining momentum and considered to be the most potential treatment option for radical curing of this disease, as animal model-based researches indicate optimistic results, in addition, the world’s first stem cell drug derived from mesenchymal stem cells has been approved for the treatment of AD. Nonetheless, it is necessary to study the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy prior to human clinical trials.

The stem cells currently utilized for the research and development of stem cell therapy in AD mainly include neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Neural stem cells (NSCs) : NSC plays an important role in nerve development and repair of damaged nerve tissue. Moreover, the paracrine function of NSCs has shown great therapeutic potential. In addition, genetic modification of NSCs with improved function also has a good effect on the treatment of AD.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) : MSC is regarded as the most promising candidate for the stem cell therapy in AD, because its effectiveness and safety have been confirmed by many pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. MSCs utilized in researches of stem cell therapy in AD mainly include bone marrow-derived MSCs, umbilical cord-derived MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs, etc.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) : Theoretically, the differentiation potential of ESCs is excellent, and some rodent animal model-based studies have shown that transplantation of ESCs can restore cognitive function, however, clinical transformation is limited because undifferentiated ESCs may bring the risk of uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) : The sources of iPSCs are stable, and immune rejection is less. Structurally and functionally mature neurons are derived from iPSCs and synaptic networks with electrophysiological activity are formed. The use of some additional transcription factors during induction may also allow stem cells directly differentiate into specific neuronal subtypes. About Alzheimacy Although there are above-mentioned types of stem cells available for the development of stem cell therapy in AD, stem cells from each source have their own shortcomings. For example, NSCs are highly immunogenic and may produce strong immune rejection; ESCs may bring the risk of uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation, therefore, the development of specific therapies must be comprehensively evaluated for effectiveness and safety, and then the prospect of clinical

application can be predicted. Alzheimacy can fully support the development and treatment of stem cell therapy in AD, from basic research to pre-clinical studies.

Basic Research Finding a suitable stem cell model or animal model for AD research can be challenging. At Alzheimacy, through long-term model creation and assessment, there are various stem cell models (including human stem cell models) and animal models (mice, rats, and non-human primates) available for researches in this field. Additionally, we are also actively exploring the underlying mechanisms of stem cells transplantation for AD, understanding the regulation of migration rate and differentiation direction of stem cells after transplantation. Alzheimacy is confident to achieve this research goal by molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, imaging technology and other techniques. Moreover, genetic modification of stem cells as an effective delivery vector is one of our research directions.
Pre-clinical Development Our scientists are well versed in the FDA requirements for stem cell therapy, such as recommendations on species selection, proof of concept researches, and duration of researches. Pivotal issues in stem cell research design include clinical relevance, appropriate comparative anatomy and physiology, relevant clinical routes of administration, and immune tolerance. Stem cell research toxicity studies are often performed in the related disease models. Crucial comprehensive assessments include disposition and tolerability of the stem cells following injection, the possible formation of ectopic tissues and tumor, site reactions, and functional impact. Our molecular imaging technology can successfully monitor the therapeutic effects. Not only are we interested in cell-replacement therapy in AD, but we also hope that through the human stem cell model to predict the efficacy and safety of experimental Alzheimer’s drugs. Our industry-leading technology platform coupled with our complete pre-clinical capabilities allows us to optimize the time and effort spent to promote each pre-clinical project. At Alzheimacy, we make sure that each project is run as efficiently as possible by offering unique consultations with our scientists and business development teams. As the AD drug research Technology Division of Creative BioMart, whose breadth of experience gained from being in the industry for over 10 years, Alzheimacy is an expert partner. We support pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and leading academic institutions worldwide to develop stem cell therapy in AD.

https://www.creativebiomart.net/alzheimacy/therapeutics/stem-cell-therapy/

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