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Adaptations and Physiological Responses to Exercise, Exams of Advanced Education

University of MarylandAdvanced Education

A wide range of topics related to the physiological adaptations and responses that occur during various types of exercise training. It addresses questions about muscle fiber type changes, energy system utilization, cardiovascular adaptations, bone remodeling, and other key factors that influence athletic performance. The information provided can be useful for students and professionals in fields such as exercise science, sports medicine, and kinesiology, as it offers insights into the underlying mechanisms that drive training-induced improvements in physical capabilities. The document delves into the specific effects of different exercise modalities, intensities, and durations, providing a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between the body's systems and the demands of physical activity.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 08/14/2024

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NSCA-CSCS Exam Prep Exercise Science
A 12 year old has been resistance training 2x a week for 6 weeks. Which of the
following adaptations contribute the most to training-induced strength gains?
a. increased muscle size
b. increased motor unit activation
c. greater-testosterone concentration - ANS-b
A 17-year-old tennis player follows an aerobic trining program 3 days/week at 70% HR
max for 4 weeks. Which of the following is the most likely to increase?
a. stored creating phosphate
b. body fat %
c. maximal rate of force production - ANS-a
A female college age athlete began a strength and conditioning program 10 weeks ago.
In the weeks following, she continues to see gains in her strength. Which of the
following most likely contributes to this change?
a. improved neuromuscular efficiency
b. conversation of Type I to Type II muscle fibers
c. increased muscle fiber size - ANS-c
A female marathoner trains at sea-level. She travels to a race venue held at an altitude
of 5280 ft (1625 m). Which of the following BEST describes the immediate physiological
effect?
a. Increased cardiac output
b. decreased ventilation rate
c. decreased tidal volume - ANS-a
A high school junior 1600m runner has been aerobically training for 2 years. She
improves her performance time throughout the course of her first season on the team.
Which of the following is primarily responsible for her performance increases?
a. decrease in lean body mass
b. improvement in VO2max
c. increase in running economy - ANS-b
A novice athlete has been following an aerobic endurance training program for 12
months. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
a. decreased resting a-vO2 difference
b. decreased maximal tidal volume
c. increased restring stroke volume - ANS-c
A parent informs the strength and conditioning professional that her child has been
classified as being at Tanner's Stage 1. What does this classification assess?
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NSCA-CSCS Exam Prep Exercise Science

A 12 year old has been resistance training 2x a week for 6 weeks. Which of the following adaptations contribute the most to training-induced strength gains? a. increased muscle size b. increased motor unit activation c. greater-testosterone concentration - ANS-b A 17-year-old tennis player follows an aerobic trining program 3 days/week at 70% HR max for 4 weeks. Which of the following is the most likely to increase? a. stored creating phosphate b. body fat % c. maximal rate of force production - ANS-a A female college age athlete began a strength and conditioning program 10 weeks ago. In the weeks following, she continues to see gains in her strength. Which of the following most likely contributes to this change? a. improved neuromuscular efficiency b. conversation of Type I to Type II muscle fibers c. increased muscle fiber size - ANS-c A female marathoner trains at sea-level. She travels to a race venue held at an altitude of 5280 ft (1625 m). Which of the following BEST describes the immediate physiological effect? a. Increased cardiac output b. decreased ventilation rate c. decreased tidal volume - ANS-a A high school junior 1600m runner has been aerobically training for 2 years. She improves her performance time throughout the course of her first season on the team. Which of the following is primarily responsible for her performance increases? a. decrease in lean body mass b. improvement in VO2max c. increase in running economy - ANS-b A novice athlete has been following an aerobic endurance training program for 12 months. Which of the following is most likely to occur? a. decreased resting a-vO2 difference b. decreased maximal tidal volume c. increased restring stroke volume - ANS-c A parent informs the strength and conditioning professional that her child has been classified as being at Tanner's Stage 1. What does this classification assess?

a. chronological age b. psychological age c. biological age - ANS-c All innervated muscle fibers of a motor unit fully contract when stimulated due to which of the following? a. size principle b. selective recruitment c. all or none principle - ANS-c An 18-year-old collegiate rugby player is participating in a resistance training program. The strength and conditioning professional conducted strength testing every 6 weeks with the following results: 1 RM Bench Press: Pre Test- 200 lb, Week 6- 210 lb, Week 12- 215 lb. Which of the following is primarily responsible for the increases in strength during the first 8 weeks? a. muscle fiber hypertrophy b. motor unit synchronization c. increased pinnation angle - ANS-b An athlete wants to train the glycolytic and aerobic energy systems. Which of the following rest periods is the MOST appropriate if she performs work intervals of 60 sec in duration? a. 1 min b. 2 min c. 3 min - ANS-c An exercise session consisting of which of the following modalities results in the largest increase in serum HGH concentration? a. moderate-intensity aerobic exercise b. moderate-intensity resistance exercise c. high intensity resistance exercise - ANS-c An increase in which of the following increases oxygen delivery to the active muscles during acute aerobic exercise? a. blood hemoglobin b. cardiac output c. plasma volume - ANS-b An increase in which of the following is a marker of aerobic overtraining? a. body fat % b. muscle glycogen c. creatine kinase concentration - ANS-c As compared to males, the potential for force production of females per muscle cross- sectional area is

a. troponin b. tropomyosin c. actin - ANS-a Use of a weight belt is the most important when performing which of the following exercise at a 1RM load? a. leg press b. bench press c. back squat - ANS-c Which of the following accumulates in the working muscle as an athlete exercises at near maximum intensity? a. hydrogen ions b. creatine phosphate c. lactic acid - ANS-a Which of the following activities occurs primarily in the transverse plan? a. barbell push jerk b. bent-over lateral raise c. bent-over row - ANS-b Which of the following adaptations results from heavy resistance training? a. increased capillary density b. decreased triglyceride storage capacity c. increased Type II fiber cross-sectional area - ANS-c Which of the following best describes the effect on mechanical advantage as a resistance moment arm shortens? a. increases b. decreases c. no change - ANS-a Which of the following best identifies the joint actions during the upward phase of the push press exercise? a. rapidly flex the hips, knees and ankle while extending the arms to push the bar overhead b. rapidly extend the hips, knees and ankles and then arms to push the bar overhead c. rapidly extend the arms overhead with a slightly flexed position at the hips and knees

  • ANS-b Which of the following cardiovascular adaptations to chronic aerobic exercise contributes the most to improved aerobic endurance performance? a. increased maximal cardiac output b. decreased resting BP c. lowered resting HR - ANS-a

Which of the following cause an athlete's HR to increase during the anticipatory period immediately before the start of a race? a. Parasymp increase, Symp decrease b. Parasymp increase, Symp increase c. Parasymp decrease, Symp increase - ANS-c Which of the following components stimulate new bone? a. progressive overload, direction of force, and rate of loading b. rate of loading, progressive overload, and rest period c. rest period, direction of force, and progressive overload - ANS-a Which of the following contributes most to shock absorption while running? a. eccentric plantar flexion b. concentric hip extension c. eccentric knee flexion - ANS-a Which of the following decreases as a result of resistance and increases due to aerobic training? a. muscle fiber size b. mitochondrial density c. osteoblast synthesis - ANS-b Which of the following events occurs in the hamstring muscles during the concentric muscle action of leg (knee) curl exercise? a. the A band length increases b. the I band length stays the same c. the H zone length decreases - ANS-c Which of the following exercises increases axial bone mineral density most? a. seated leg press b. barbell shoulder press c. dumbbell chest press - ANS-b Which of the following exercises involves a second-class lever? a. standing calf raise b. dumbbell biceps curl c. lying triceps extension - ANS-a Which of the following exercises is an example of a first-class lever? a. triceps pushdown b. lateral raise c. biceps curl - ANS-a Which of the following factors determine the primary energy system used during exercise? a. exercise intensity and exercise mode

Which of the following may hinder an athlete's focus during competitive sport performance? a. placekicker stretching his hamstrings or checking the turf b. pitcher's awareness of players on base c. basketball player focusing on other players during a free throw - ANS-b Which of the following muscle actions precedes a countermovement jump? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric - ANS-b Which of the following muscle actions produces the greatest amount of muscle force? a. eccentric b. isometric c. concentric - ANS-a Which of the following muscle groups and types of muscle actions are associated with the downward phase of the dumbbell biceps curl? a. Primary group- elbow extensors, Primary action- eccentric b. Primary group- elbow flexors, Primary action- eccentric c. elbow flexors- concentric - ANS-b Which of the following muscles acts as an agonist during the second pull of the power clean? a. lats b. trapezius c. tricep brachii - ANS-b Which of the following muscles acts isometrical during the deadlift exercise? a. gastrocnemius b. erector spinae c. rectus femoris - ANS-b Which of the following protocols most closely stimulates the metabolic demands of a basketball game? a. Work Interval-10s, Intensity-95% b. Work Interval-30s, Intensity-75% c. Work Interval-50s, Intensity-55% - ANS-a Which of the following relies predominantly on the phosphagen energy system? a. 200m swim b. 3k race c. 5RM push press - ANS-c Which of the following rest periods is most appropriate for a middle distance runner performing 800m running intervals in 2 min?

a. 2 min b. 4 min c. 6 min - ANS-c Which of the following situations would most inspire an athlete with a high motive to achieve success? a. a very easy competition in which the probability of success is virtually guaranteed b. a challenging situation in which the probability of success to failure is even c. an extremely difficult situation in which the probability of success is highly unlikely - ANS-b Which of the following will be improved the most by increasing the strength of the hip flexor muscles? a. maximum speed b. start speed c. deceleration speed - ANS-a Which of the following will decrease the power output of an athlete performing the snatch exercise? a. increasing the load from 90 to 95% of the athletes 1RM b. increasing the speed at which the athlete performs the exercise c. lengthening the rest period between sets of the exercise - ANS-a Within the biceps brachia muscle, the I bands lengthen during the downward movement phase of which of the following exercises? a. bench press b. lat pulldown c. bent over row - ANS-c