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A series of questions and answers related to criminology, covering topics such as merton's strain theory, social disorganization theory, subcultures of violence, and differential association. It explores key concepts and theories in the field, providing insights into the causes of crime and delinquency. The questions address various perspectives, including those of shaw and mckay, wolfgang and ferracuti, sutherland, cloward and ohlin, and cohen, offering a comprehensive overview of criminological thought. This resource is valuable for students studying criminology or preparing for exams in the field, providing a concise and informative review of essential concepts and theories. It serves as a useful tool for understanding the complexities of crime and deviance within society.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the theoretical constructions of Merton's strain theory? - correct answer ✔✔unique lower-class focal concerns Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay viewed delinquency as resulting from a breakdown in social control among ________. - correct answer ✔✔family and neighborhood Which of the following is a cause for crime identified in the theory proposed by Martin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti? - correct answer ✔✔Subcultures of violence exist among lower-class males and legitimize the use of violence. Which of the following is NOT one of the theoretical constructions of Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory? - correct answer ✔✔success of informal social controls Which of the following is NOT one of the norms that Cohen says make up the middle-class measuring rod? - correct answer ✔✔heightened physical aggression Burgess's hypothesis of urban growth is referred to as ________. - correct answer ✔✔concentric zone According to Cloward and Ohlin's theory, the retreatist subculture generates a new order of goals and criteria for ________. - correct answer ✔✔achievement
What is the basic premise of Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association? - correct answer ✔✔People learn crime from others. Which type of delinquents did Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin contend were the most serious? - correct answer ✔✔those who experience the greatest conflict with middle-class values What term did Albert K. Cohen use to describe lower-class youths who were unable to attain middle-class goals? - correct answer ✔✔status frustration According to Miller, which of the following represents physical prowess, as demonstrated by strength and endurance, which is valued in lower class culture? - correct answer ✔✔toughness What stage of adaptation did Merton refer to when individuals have rejected both the goals of the culture and the institutional means of attaining them? - correct answer ✔✔retreatism Elijah Anderson is known for his ________. - correct answer ✔✔concept of the code of the street Clifford Shaw reported in 1929 that the highest crime rates in Chicago were in ________. - correct answer ✔✔the central city Social structure theories contend a youth may become delinquent because he or she ________. - correct answer ✔✔lives in a disorganized community Cultural deviance theories view delinquency and crime as an expression of ________ to cultural values and norms that are in opposition to those of the larger society. - correct answer ✔✔conformity