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Adolescent Development and Parenting Styles, Exams of Advanced Education

Chamberlain College of NursingAdvanced Education

Various aspects of adolescent development, including the social redefinition into adulthood, parent-adolescent relationships, parenting styles, sibling relationships, and peer relationships. It provides examples and characteristics of different parenting styles, such as authoritative, indulgent, and indifferent, and how they impact adolescent characteristics. The document also discusses the importance of peer relationships in adolescence, the differences between cliques and crowds, and the concept of deviancy training. Additionally, it touches on the challenges of the transition to middle school and the importance of stage-environment fit. This comprehensive overview of adolescent development and related topics could be valuable for students, researchers, or professionals working with adolescents.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 08/07/2024

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HDFS Exam 2 Questions and Answers
Social Redefinition - Answer- a process by which adolescents are recognized as adults.
It is a time of change in social roles and status within the culture and community. The
timing of social redefinition is dependent on culture. In the US, it is a series of events
(not just one).
Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in:
Interpersonal Relationships - Answer- Dating, marriag
Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in:
Political Areas - Answer- Voting
Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in:
Economic Areas - Answer- Job, credit card
Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in:
Legal Areas - Answer- Held more accountable for actions (penalties)
Describe some rites or rituals of passage marking adulthood across various cultures
and religions and how relevant these rites of passages are in the US culture. - Answer-
Some rituals mark social redefinition in more dramatic and clear ways. After these
rituals, however long they take, the individual is clearly recognized as an adult. The
process is very clear in these societies and happens very quickly (weeks, months)
Describe the level of clarity in social redefinition in the US - Answer- It is not clear at all!
Driving or voting does not necessarily make you an adult. The period of adolescence
has lengthened because of earlier maturation and increases in schooling. Puberty is
earlier, and college pushes back adult roles (parenting, full-time jobs).
Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American
family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:
1. Growth in Single Parent Families - Answer- 50% of all children will spend time in
single-parent household; out of wedlock: having a child when not married
Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American
family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:
2. Growth of women in workforce - Answer- Increases in work because of decrease in
fertility.
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HDFS Exam 2 Questions and Answers

Social Redefinition - Answer- a process by which adolescents are recognized as adults. It is a time of change in social roles and status within the culture and community. The timing of social redefinition is dependent on culture. In the US, it is a series of events (not just one). Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in: Interpersonal Relationships - Answer- Dating, marriag Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in: Political Areas - Answer- Voting Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in: Economic Areas - Answer- Job, credit card Provide examples of social redefinition into adulthood in: Legal Areas - Answer- Held more accountable for actions (penalties) Describe some rites or rituals of passage marking adulthood across various cultures and religions and how relevant these rites of passages are in the US culture. - Answer- Some rituals mark social redefinition in more dramatic and clear ways. After these rituals, however long they take, the individual is clearly recognized as an adult. The process is very clear in these societies and happens very quickly (weeks, months) Describe the level of clarity in social redefinition in the US - Answer- It is not clear at all! Driving or voting does not necessarily make you an adult. The period of adolescence has lengthened because of earlier maturation and increases in schooling. Puberty is earlier, and college pushes back adult roles (parenting, full-time jobs). Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:

  1. Growth in Single Parent Families - Answer- 50% of all children will spend time in single-parent household; out of wedlock: having a child when not married Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:
  2. Growth of women in workforce - Answer- Increases in work because of decrease in fertility.

Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:

  1. Increase in alternative family norms - Answer- Grandparents raising children; same sex parents; step families; foster care Describe how these 4 important demographic features of the contemporary American family might impact the parenting of an adolescent:
  2. Child/Family poverty - Answer- - less availability for extra curricular activities, more economic hardship, family stress, marital stress, ineffective parenting.
  • can lead to psychological and behavioral problems
  • Parents are harsher, can be depressed. Understand the figure presented in class and in the textbook regarding the way that poverty/financial strain can impact family relationships and adolescent experiences. - Answer- - Poverty can put a strain on parents
  • Parents become depressed, less consistent, and more conflict.
  • Increase in anxiety and depression in adolescents which may lead to an increase in behavioral problems and decrease in school. Understand and be able to describe these three features of the parent-adolescent relationship:
  1. Relationships are bi-directional - Answer- Parenting affects adolescents and adolescents can affect the way of parenting Understand and be able to describe these features of the parent-adolescent relationship:
  2. Relationships are generally similar in adolescence to how they were in childhood - Answer- Stability Understand and be able to describe these features of the parent-adolescent relationship:
  3. Increase in minor conflicts during adolescence - Answer- - Most prevalent in early adolescents (puberty, biological transitions, desire for independence)
  • Most conflict is about everyday choices (household rules, clothing, technology, etc.) Push/pull of autonomy— what child wants to be independent of. What two dimensions of parenting area critical to defining a parent's style? - Answer- Warmth/responsiveness and demandingness Describe differences in the four parenting styles: Authoritarian. - Answer- - Lower on responsiveness higher on demandingness. -The power lays with parent, role of parenting is to teach kids the rules, and expect them to behave and perform at a high level.
  • They DON'T view parenting as a loving and affectionate relationship

THREE of the pieces of advice (from Steinberg's 10 tips for parenting) you would give parents parenting adolescents

  1. What you do matters - Answer- - The environment provided for children
  • Set good examples
  • admit it when you make mistakes THREE of the pieces of advice (from Steinberg's 10 tips for parenting) you would give parents parenting adolescents
  1. You cannot be too loving - Answer- - Children will then develop a strong sense of self.
  • Child will learn how to love from watching you. THREE of the pieces of advice (from Steinberg's 10 tips for parenting) you would give parents parenting adolescents
  1. Be involved in your child's life - Answer- - It doesn't matter what you do, it's how you do it.
  • Don't miss opportunities to be involved in the child's interest. Be able to describe some of the characteristics of a typical sibling relationships during adolescence (how they change from childhood to adolescence) - Answer- Shift in power, conflict resolution, shared environment, long lasting relationships, sibling order Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: Shared Environments - Answer- house, parents, neighborhood Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: Non-Shared Environments - Answer- Peers, parenting Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: Sibling Rivalry - Answer- Competition within the family, often a result of family context or how parents parent; family context can create or diminish. Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: Differential Treatment - Answer- Parents parent their kids differently. It is generally a positive thing but can be bad if it is perceived as unfair by the kids. Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: Identification - Answer- Sense of wanting to be more like your siblings Be familiar with the following concepts as they relate to sibling relationships: De-identification - Answer- Seeing siblings and wanting to be less like them

Be familiar with some of the reasons why peer relationships have become even more important in contemporary society in recent history (i.e., what societal changes have led to a great role of peers in adolescent development?) - Answer- - Changes in education system (mandatory high school 1930's)

  • Changes in work (separate adults and child)
  • Changes in families Are adolescent peer groups a problem and something to break up or avoid or necessary for our society? Problem Perspective - Answer- "youth culture" idea that youth peer groups are hostile toward adult values; belief that a youth culture creates problem behaviors and poor achievement. Are adolescent peer groups a problem and something to break up or avoid or necessary for our society? Necessity Perspective - Answer- Peer groups are good and necessary to socialize, educate, and prepare youth for adulthood. Describe the five broad characteristics of peer relationships in adolescence (as opposed to during childhood: i.e., how do peer relationships change in adolescence - Answer- - Shift of closure from parents to peers
  • Peer groups function without supervision
  • more contact with peers of opposite sex
  • Less smaller friend groups and bigger groups/crowds of peers. Relate the five broad characteristics of peer relationships in adolescence (as opposed to during childhood: i.e., how do peer relationships change in adolescence) to the video Planet 12 - Answer- Be able to describe the differences between cliques and crowds and the differences between the purposes these two different social structures serve in adolescents' lives: Cliques - Answer- - Close, tight knit groups of 3 or more teens
  • Spend a lot of time together
  • Similar interests -Purpose: main social context in which adolescents interact with each other Be able to describe the differences between cliques and crowds and the differences between the purposes these two different social structures serve in adolescents' lives:

Know how each of the four peer reputations are defined and be able to describe TWO characteristics of each of these reputation types:

  1. Rejected - Answer- few likes, lots of dislikes, physically and verbally aggressive, disruptive Know how each of the four peer reputations are defined and be able to describe TWO characteristics of each of these reputation types:
  2. Neglected - Answer- few like, few dislike, good academically, shy, timid, lonely Know how each of the four peer reputations are defined and be able to describe TWO characteristics of each of these reputation types: Controversial - Answer- lots of people like, lots of people dislike, characteristics vary, high status How is popularity or peer reputation in middle and high school related to later development? - Answer- - Being well liked in adolescence predicts relationships across adolescence and into adulthood
  • Being well liked is predictive of positive social, psychological, academic, and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and into adulthood Be able to describe one intervention approach that attempts to enhance adolescents' peer status. What kinds of skills do these types of intervention strategies target? - Answer- - Teach social skills
  • Try to change the perception of that behavior of others is deliberately hostile
  • Ease social anxieties
  • Help initiate interaction What is bullying? - Answer- overtly aggressive behavior. Verbal and physical What is relational aggression? - Answer- covert aggression meant to harm adolescents by manipulating their social standing or social relationships (using rumors, gossip, and exclusion)
  • more often used by girls. Be familiar with key research findings on cyberbullying - Answer- - "Cyberbullying involves posting or sending electronic messages that insult a person leaving them feeling hurt or humiliated"
  • A one time occurrence can have a lasting impact The amount of bullying hasn't changed over time but the context has.
  • Cyberbullying has the ability to reach a lot more people.
  • People feel anonymous online so they do things that are worse than anything they'd do in a face to face setting. What is active peer pressure? - Answer- Someone is going to tell you that you need to do something (like eat or drink something or hazing) What is passive peer pressure? - Answer- - modeling behavior
  • social reinforcement
  • you watch something happen and think to feel accepted you need to engage in the behavior yourself. Characteristics of good teachers during the period of adolescence - Answer- - Authoritative: Fair, engaging, warm/responsive, sensitive, and high expectations
  • Ones that share their life experiences, are good to talk to, are flexible, allow you to form a connection with them, are understanding. Characteristics of good schools during the period of adolescence that have been identified by research - Answer- - Emphasize critical thinking activities (rather than memorize)
  • Encourage active engagement (project based opportunities)
  • Authentic curriculum (link to the real world)
  • Activities integrated in the communities Pros of larger schools? - Answer- Nicer facilities, more resources, varied/extra curriculum, diverse student body Cons of larger schools? - Answer- ability to get lost, compete with students Benefits of small schools? - Answer- students do better academically, socially, psychologically, relationships, involvement, engagement Ways to create a "small school" environment even in a large school? - Answer-

Self-Efficacy - Answer- how well you think you're going to do Locus of control - Answer- who is responsible for your success or failure. It's better to have an internal locus of control. For example, if you didn't do well on an exam and realize it's because you didn't study then you have an internal locus of control. If you believe you didn't do well because you had a bad professor then you have an external locus of control. Stereotype threats - Answer- a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group. Stereotype threat is purportedly a contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance Be familiar with the different statistics related to school drop-out - Answer- - U.S. has lowest rate

  • 50% of african americans don't graduate on time
  • Drop out rate is decreasing, but there are still places in need (south)
  • New Englands graduation rate is high specifically NH and Mass