Introduction to Databases & Oracle: COMP 316 Module 1, Summaries of Computer Science

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Advanced Database

Systems in Oracle

COMP 316 - September 2024

Module 1 -Introduction to Databases & Oracle

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Useful Links

● Google Meet Link: https://calendar.app.google/gxfacEvrHmt8aFhs

● Course Notes and Resources: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/149HyG8VB-snBjAJpeFLgTEH8vkP jH6wk?usp=sharing

● Q/A Form: https://forms.gle/2qgkUozWgoNuzRBf

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Overview of Databases ● Definition of a Database: A collection of organized data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

● Database Management System (DBMS): Software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating of data in a database.

○ Examples: Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL.

● Purpose of Databases:

○ Store and manage large amounts of data.

○ Ensure data integrity, security, and accessibility.

○ Enable efficient querying and reporting.

Types of Databases Relational Databases (RDBMS):

● Organize data into tables (rows and columns). ● Use SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage and query data. ● Examples: Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL.

Types of Databases

Types of Databases

Hierarchical Databases: ● Organize data in a tree-like structure. ● Example: IBM Information Management System (IMS).

Types of Databases Graph Databases: ● Uses graph structures with nodes (entities), edges (relationships), and properties (attributes of nodes/edges) to store and manage data. ● Use Cases: Social Networks, Recommendation Engines, Fraud Detection

Types of Databases

Object-Oriented Databases (OODBMS): ● A database that integrates object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts with database technology. ● Data is stored in the form of objects, as used in OOP languages like Java, Python, and C++.

Introduction to Oracle Database ● System Requirements: ○ Operating System: Windows, Linux, or macOS. ○ RAM: Minimum of 4GB (recommended: 8GB or more). ○ Disk Space: 10GB for installation and data storage. ● Installation Steps: ○ Download Oracle Database Express Edition 21c ○ Run the installer and follow the setup wizard. ○ Configure Global Database Name and SID (System Identifier). ○ Set up Admin Credentials (SYS, SYSTEM users). ○ Choose default options for storage and memory management or customize as needed. ○ Start the Oracle Database service post-installation. (^) 1-131-

Basic SQL Commands ● SQL (Structured Query Language): The language used to interact with databases. ● Basic SQL Commands: ○ SELECT: Retrieve data from one or more tables. ■ Example: SELECT * FROM employees ; ○ INSERT: Add new records to a table. ■ Example: INSERT INTO employees (name, position) VALUES ('John Doe', 'Manager'); ○ UPDATE: Modify existing records in a table. ■ Example: UPDATE employees SET position = 'Senior Manager' WHERE id = 1; (^) 1-141-

Key Components of a Database ● Tables: ○ A collection of related data in rows and columns. ○ Each table has a unique name and stores data records (rows) with attributes (columns). ● Rows and Columns: ○ Row (Tuple): A single record in the table. ○ Column (Field): An attribute of the data stored in the table. ● Schemas: ○ The structure that defines how data is organized in a database. ○ Includes tables, views, indexes, and relationships.

Key Components of a Database

● Indexes:

○ Used to speed up searches by creating an internal map of the data in the table.

● Primary Key:

○ A unique identifier for each record in a table. No two records can have the same primary key.

● Foreign Key:

○ A field in one table that refers to the primary key in another table,

creating a relationship between the tables.

● Views:

○ Virtual tables created by querying one or more tables. 1-171-