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AEMT MIDTERM MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER
RATIONALES 2026
โ How many lobes does the Left lung have? Answer: 2 โ What is the job of the respiratory system? Answer: to bring in O2 and remove CO โ What are the jobs of the upper airway? Answer: Humidify, Filter and Warm air โ What is partial pressure? Answer: The amount of gas in air dissolved in a liquid โ Explain Henry's law Answer: Molecules of a gas can be dissolved in a liquid and remain a liquid so long as it is pressurized and remains in a closed container โ Amount of air moved into respiratory tract in one breath Answer: Tidal Volume
โ What is air that doesn't reach alveoli to participate in gas exchange called? Answer: Dead Space Volume โ What is the formula for alveolar volume? Answer: Tidal Volume - Dead Space Volume โ What is physiologic dead space? Answer: Uncommon dead space due to things like obstructions or atelecasis โ What is Minute Volume Answer: Tidal volume of 1 minute x RR of 1 minute โ What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume? Answer: The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to normal tidal volume โ What is the Functional Reserve Volume? Answer: The amount of air that can be exhaled after normal
โ What is oxygenation? Answer: the loading of O2 molecules onto hemoglobin โ What is Fi Answer: The percent of 02 in inspired air โ How much O2 is in room air Answer: 21% โ What is Hemocrit? Answer: % of RBC in whole blood โ How much O2 can 1 Hemoglobin hold? Answer: 4 molecules โ What is oxygen saturation? Answer: The amount of oxygen in plasma โ If CO2 is high, is the patient Acidotic or Alkilotic Answer: Acidotic โ If the CO2 is abnormally low, is the patient Acidotic or Alkilotic?
Answer: Alkilotic โ What is respiration? Answer: Exchange of CO2 and O โ Respiration is composed of 3 things. What are they? Answer: Ventilation Diffusion between the blood and capillaries Transportation of O2 and CO2 throughout body โ Where does external respiration take place? Answer: Between Alveoli and and Capillary blood โ Where does internal respiration take place? Answer: between systematic circulation and blood cells โ Why should you be concerned about high altitudes? Answer: They can result in anaerobic respiration โ What is the act of moving air in and out of lungs? Answer: Ventilation
Answer: Infections โ What is V/Q mismatch? Answer: When air and bloodflow for ventilation and perfusion aren't directed to the same place at the same time โ What is hypercarbia? Answer: Buildup of CO2 in blood โ Explain what happens during hypoventilation Answer: Minute volume goes down CO2 elimination goes down PaCO2 goes up-results in hypercarbia โ Explain what happens with Hyperventilation Answer: Minute Volume goes up CO2 elimination goes up PaCO2 goes down-results in hypocarbia โ Describe intrapulmonary shunting Answer: Blood enters lungs from the heart but bypasses the alveoli and returns to the heart unoxygenated from alveolar damage
ex) atelectasis โ What is tidal volume Answer: Depth of breathing โ What is a normal respiratory rate Answer: 12-20 breaths/min โ What is the average adult lung capacity Answer: 6 liters โ What is the proper airway management Answer: 1. Open the airway
- Clear the airway
- Assess breathing (rate/depth/volume)
- Provide intervention if necessary (attempt all BLS interventions before ACLS) โ What is positional dyspnea called Answer: Orthopnea โ What is anoxia
Patient movement Poor perfusion Bright ambient light Nail polish Carboxyhemoglobin โ What does Pulse oximetry measure Answer: % of hemoglobin saturated with O2 in arterial blood โ What is ETCO Answer: Concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath. The normal values are 5% to 6% CO2, which is equivalent to 35- 45 mmHg. โ What is HCO Answer: Bicarbonate in bloodstream 22 - 26 is normal โ What are some of the causes of Metabolic Acidosis Answer: DKA, Cardiac arrest, renal failure, OD of ASA, long lasting diarrhea
โ What are some of the symptoms of Metabolic Alkilosis Answer: Siezures, H/A, dysrhythmia โ What are some causes for Metabolic Alkilosis Answer: Chewing tobacco, cystic fibrosis, diuretics, penicillin โ What are some of the Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis Answer: Tachypnea, Pulmonary Edema, Tachycardia, Coma, Confusion โ What is Carboxyhemoglobin Answer: Hemoglobin loaded with CO โ Describe Stridor-what is it indicative of Answer: Upper airway problems-loud high pitched obstruction infection swelling disease trauma โ Describe Crackles
Answer: Recovery/Left lateral recumbent Prevents aspiration if patient vomits โ How long do you suction an adult airway for? Answer: 15 seconds-on the way out/not it! โ How long should you suction a child's airway for? Answer: 10 seconds โ How long should you suction an infant's airway for? Answer: 5 seconds โ When is a nasal airway adjunct contraindicated Answer: Suspected skull fractures โ What pressure should a suction gauge be set to Answer: 300mmHg โ What type of suction catheter should you use on a patient with clenched teeth Answer: soft tip
โ What can happen if the vagal nerve is stimulated? Answer: HR drops โ Describe a laryngospasm Answer: Spasmic closure of the vocal cords occluding airway โ What should you do for a patient with laryngeal edema or experiencing a laryngospasm Answer: Aggressively ventilate or adjust the airway by pulling the jaw upward โ When should you replace an O2 cylinder Answer: 200psi or less โ What is the flow rate recommended for a nasal cannula Answer: 1-6L/min โ What is the recommended flow rate for a non-rebreathing mask? Answer: 15L/min โ When is a nasal cannula insufficient for O2 delivery Answer: If patient is hypoxic
โ Why is PPV less adequate than normal breathing Answer: Reduced preload, hypotension results โ What are signs associated with angioedema? Answer: Raspy voice, low volume, swelling of tongue Caused from allergic reaction โ What is angioedema Answer: Severe swelling resulting from allergic reaction โ Where is the gag reflex located Answer: hypopharynx โ What is polycythemia Answer: Thick blood due to a surplus of RBC's โ What is Cor Pulmonale Answer: Right sided heart failure caused by strain of forcing blood that is thickened through the capillaries โ What causes Polycythemia Answer: Chronic lung disease
โ Which progresses faster...Right sided heart failure or Left sided heart failure Answer: Left because it's the side that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs to pump to the organs โ What should you evaluate for in patients with respiratory distress? Answer: Cardiac complications โ What is the best measurement of ventilation Answer: CO2 levels โ What is the normal acid/base PaO Answer: 35-45mmHg โ What pH stimulates breathing? Acidic or Alkalotic Answer: Acidic โ Which pH slows breathing? Acidic or Alkalotic Answer: Alkalotic
Answer: Patient's back โ Sound travels better through fluid filled lungs or air filled lungs? Answer: Fluid-which is why you can better hear respirations in patients with pneumonia than those having an asthma attack โ Where are the majority of the adventitious lung sounds Answer: Lung bases-gravity keeps them low โ If a patient were to present with rapid onset dyspnea...you should think of these 5 conditions Answer: Acute bronchitis Pulmonary Embolism Anaphylaxis Pneumothorax Paroxysmal Nocturnal dyspnea โ What is Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Answer: Sudden nighttime dyspnea associated with left sided heart failure-CRITICAL CONDITION โ Describe the symptoms of emphysema
Answer: 1. Barrel chest-from years of having excess air trapped
- Muscle wasting-from using body mass to breathe
- Inhaling through pursed lips
- Tachypnea
- Rarely hypoxic or cyanotic-Pink
- Wheezing โ Describe the symptoms of chronic bronchitis Answer: 1. Chronic mucus/productive cough
- Sedentary
- Sleep sitting up
- Hypoxic PaO
- Hypercapnic PaCO
- Often accompanied by right sided heart failure โ What should you be alert for in patients who smoke and take birth control? Answer: Pulmonary Embolism โ What should you be concerned about with tall, thin, young adults? Answer: Spontaneous Pneumothorax
