Download AESC 2050 Kiepper Test 1 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
AESC 2050 KIEPPER TEST 1 WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
non-food agricultural crops - ANSWERS-cotton, tobacco, timber, marijuana When was nature published - ANSWERS-April 25, 1953 culture - ANSWERS-the unique combinations of customs, beliefs and practices (including languages, arts, rituals, institutions and technologies) that are transmitted from one generation to another and distinguishes societies from each other. How many people live on earth - ANSWERS-7.4 billion What is the biggest grain that we eat? - ANSWERS-corn- 1 million tons produced Where do we grow our corn? - ANSWERS-Eastern USA and Asia (China) Where do we grow our rice? - ANSWERS-Asia- India, Phillipines, China Where do we grow our wheat? - ANSWERS-Europe, France, England, India, China How much of our US total household income goes to the purchase of food? - ANSWERS-less than 10 percent culture is made up of - ANSWERS-rituals and language, customs and beliefs, clothing and food In 1798, Thomas Malthus wrote an essay warning of the dangers of - ANSWERS-overpopulation of the globe
Agriculture only concerns the production of food - ANSWERS-false About __ years ago, human invented __ which delineates history from prehistory - ANSWERS- 5000 writing About __ years ago, humans began to __ which scientist believe was the 1st conscious cultural act - ANSWERS-2 million, tool making One of the key factors of early hominids success was - ANSWERS-mobility The most devastating item brought by Europeans to the New World was/were - ANSWERS-Disease One of the main advantages of farming was it meant less work compared to nomadic traveling - ANSWERS-False There are how many farms in the US - ANSWERS-2 million The majority of our food in the US is produced by - ANSWERS-A small number of large farms In 1800 approximately __% of total US jobs were on the farm, today it is __% - ANSWERS-90, Which of the following has stayed the most STEADy (i.e, static) in terms of number over the last 100 years: - ANSWERS-Number of Acres being farmed What percentage of US citizens hold a valid US passport - ANSWERS- 35 Most commercial farming is doe in what climate zones - ANSWERS-Temperate Most subsistence farming takes place in what climate zone - ANSWERS-Tropical
cultural adaptation - ANSWERS-Rather than just adjusting to their environment through biological evolution, hominids developed through this using their intellectual and social skills to adjust to their surroundings and improve their chances for survival foragers - ANSWERS-Early prehistoric hominids were this, aka opportunistic eaters (i.e., non-selective omnivores) that scavenged (hunting/gathering) for food from their immediate environment What was the key ability of emerging hominids - ANSWERS-mobility What did foraging and mobility result in for hominids - ANSWERS-Small groups (family as the central institution) with very few permanent possessions How was gender division of labor established - ANSWERS-It was not rigid- adult females often assisted in hunting and protection, while adult males assisted in gathering and childcare What did emerging hominid males do? - ANSWERS-The dangerous stuff because they were expendable- some were the important ones Homo Sapiens - ANSWERS-Wise humans- emerge in central africa about 200,000-150,000 years ago Biological adaptation - ANSWERS-as humans migrated to various lands and latitudes, their bodies adjusted to differing climates and condition (ex. humans in polar climates develop lighter skin more body hair) Race - ANSWERS-separates humans into category based on external characteristics Evidence - ANSWERS-all humans are from the same sub-species and can readily mate and produce healthy offspring changes in geographical location and climate cause changes in - ANSWERS-cultural adaptations Which is more important? cultural adaptation or biological adaptation - ANSWERS-cultural adaptation
what was about 10,000 years ago - ANSWERS-the agricultural revolution Why did agriculture develop - ANSWERS-The end of the last ice age (~8000 BC) brought warmer climates and wider expanses of grasses and grains in modern Israel, Syria ad Iraq (The Fertile Crescent) As a result humans started to settle in one location and develop new techniques to gather and process food Mobility - ANSWERS-small groups, few children, few possessions Stability - ANSWERS-larger groups, more children, many possessions stability= - ANSWERS-growth Gathering of plant becomes replaced by - ANSWERS-plant cultivation Hunting of wild animals is replaced by - ANSWERS-domestication of animals nomadic tribes are replaced by - ANSWERS-farming villages Did the emergence of agriculture occur everywhere? - ANSWERS-No Advantages of Nomadic Lifestyle - ANSWERS-Less work, healthier/fewer diseases, reduced environmental impact Disadvantages of Farming Lifestyle - ANSWERS-More work, disease/sanitation, requires modification environment Disadvantages of nomadic lifestyle - ANSWERS-no food storage, few possessions, small families/community
specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping advanced technology What follows farming as a natural sequence? - ANSWERS-warfare Current US population - ANSWERS-320 million % of US pop working on farms - ANSWERS-As of 2008, less than 2 percent of the population is directly employed in agriculture 2012 farming details - ANSWERS-There were 3.2 million farmers, ranchers and other agricultural workers legally employed in the US The peak of US Farming - ANSWERS- 1900 - 1950 Farms in US in millions - ANSWERS-2 million Average US farm size - ANSWERS-430 acres Average land in farms in US - ANSWERS-900 million acres UGA 1785 - ANSWERS-UGA was chartered as the 1st land grant university in US Beginning link in US History between Agriculture and Higher Education - ANSWERS-Chartering of UGA Land Grant College Act of 1862 - ANSWERS-Also known as Morrill Act of 1862
- Major boost to higher education in America
- grant originally set up to establish institutions in each state that would educate people in agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and other professions Morrill Act of 1862 - ANSWERS-Land grant act was introduced by Congressman from Vermont named Justin Smith Morrill Envisioned the financing of agricultural and mechanical education (A&M) Wanted education for all social classes Acre - ANSWERS-4,840 square yards (roughly the size of football field) 640 acres in a square mile UN Family Farm - ANSWERS-The United Nations defines family farms as managed and operated by a family, with the family providing most of the farm's labor UN estimation of family farms - ANSWERS-Estimated that there are 500 million family farms around the world, representing up to 80% of all farms in many countries USDA Family fARM - ANSWERS-usda ERS defines family farms as those whose prinipcal operator and people related to the principal operator by blood or marriage own most of the farm business ERS definiton focus - ANSWERS-On ownership and control of the farm business by the family operating the farm and not on the farm size or the labor provided by the family US Govt definition of farm - ANSWERS-Farm is any establishment which produced and sold, or normally would have produced and sold $1000 or more of agricultural products during the year Farms owned and operated by individuals and families - ANSWERS-87% Farms owned by partnerships - ANSWERS-8% Farms owned by corporations - ANSWERS-8%
Commercial farms can be - ANSWERS-arable (land suitable for growing crops) or pastoral (land suitable for rearing animals) or a mixture of both Commercial farms tend to be in what climate zones - ANSWERS-Temperate Subsistence agriculture - ANSWERS-the form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmer's family, leaving little, if any surplus for sale or trade Who practiced subsistence farming - ANSWERS-preindustrial agricultural peoples Majority of subsistence farms are located in what climate zones - ANSWERS-tropical Intensive subsistence - ANSWERS-a method of agriculture where farmers get more food per acre compared to other subsistence farming methods. This allows farmers to make the most of each harvest. Think small and intense. extensive subsistence - ANSWERS-refers to agricultural techniques where a vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and and animals for the primary consumption of the grower's family. The produce that is grown using this farming method is not sold in the market for monetary value. Think big and expansive Intensive subsistence farming - ANSWERS-small amount of land use higher inputs=high yield per acre relies on more advanced farming techniques extensive subsistence farming - ANSWERS-large amount of land use low inputs=low yield per acre high physical energy requirement simple farming methods growth of agriculture= - ANSWERS-subsistence farming
subsistence farming message 1 - ANSWERS-2.5 billion full or part time subsistence farmers 500 million small farms worldwide provides 70-80% of food to the developing world subsistence farming message 2 - ANSWERS-small farms are highly dependent on the natural ecosystems/environment limited inputs result in poor yield Chicken production in india - ANSWERS-despite a significant commercial poultry market, the vast majority of chickens (~90%) in India are sold in live markets India is World's second largest grower of fresh produce, but loses an estimated __ of its fruit and vegetables to rot because of a lack of refrigerated trucking, poor roads, inclement weather and corruption - ANSWERS-40% 1 hectare - ANSWERS-~2.5 acres Judeo Christian view on animal rights - ANSWERS-Man has dominion over animals; animals are not considered sacred but man has responsibility/obligations on how to treat animals Islamic view on animal rights - ANSWERS-Man has power over animals and people are responsible for their behavior over animals; animals should be killed out of necessity Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism animal rights views - ANSWERS-belief that ancestors return as animals, so animals must be treated with the same respect as humans Peter Singer said this movement began in the 1960s in the UK - ANSWERS-The Modern Animal Movement Speciesism - ANSWERS-the idea that it is justifiable to give preference to beings simply on the groups that they are members of the species Homo Sapiens
UGA's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) - ANSWERS-The institutional animal care and use committee (iacuc) conducts animal care facility site visits, evaluates animal use proposals and ensures through staff development activities that people who work with laboratory animals are appropriately trained Artemis - ANSWERS-the electronic animal use proposal submission and review web application used by the IACUC o the UGA campus. Provides real-time access to information regarding review status, approval status and expiration dates Animal liberation front - ANSWERS-carries out direct action against animal abuse in the form of rescuing animals and causing financial loss to animal exploiters, usually through the damage and destruction of property Take home messages about animals - ANSWERS-The view of how animals should be used and treated is always changing Implementation of this changing view is hard bc animals are such a huge part of our culture Domestication - ANSWERS-a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to- accentuate desirable traits, and secure a more predictable supply of resources from the organism human domesticated organism include - ANSWERS-animals and plants what is domestication - ANSWERS-domestication can involve behavioral, physiological and genetic changes to both organisms that often leads to a dependence relationship origin of modern chicken - ANSWERS-red jungle fowl (southeast asia) Domestication of chickens in southeast asia dates back to - ANSWERS-8000 years ago reason for initial chicken domestication - ANSWERS-cock fighting
Dog (wolves) have adapted to live with humans - ANSWERS-not domesticated wolves- genetic changes elected for specific purposed understand human emotions understand language humans have adapted to live with dogs - ANSWERS-ability to understand barks and body cues neurochemical bond improved health farming practices Taming - ANSWERS-wild animal that is captured at a young age and raised with human nurturing submits to human control not domesticated domestication qualities - ANSWERS-wild animals captured and through selective breeding transform the species to benefit humans first step to domestication - ANSWERS-taming, but they are not synonymous Positive traits for domestication of animals - ANSWERS-wide diet, grow fast, willing to breed in captivity, calm, flexible social hierarchy, provides a service effects of genetic selection for domestication - ANSWERS-changes in body conformation/physical structure (increased body mass) loss of natural behaviors dumber (reduction in brain size) lactase - ANSWERS-Most human babies have ability to digest milk due to this enzyme. In early humans lactase turned off once in a human grew into adulthood, meaning almost al humans were lactose intolerant
south's second cash crop - ANSWERS-cotton when does cotton become kind - ANSWERS-with invention of cotton gin (Eli Whitney) around 1800 founding of savannah - ANSWERS- 1733 Savannah's early prohibitions - ANSWERS-no rum no lawyers no blacks no land ownership, over 500 acres no catholics Boll Weevil - ANSWERS-1915, reduced cotton acreage from 5.2 million acres doing 1914 to 2.6 million acres in 1923 Important Seasonal cash crop in Southwest Georgia - ANSWERS-Watermelon Cordele, GA "Watermelon capital of the world" Cotton's ranking in Georgia Ag commodities - ANSWERS-3rd, 6.9% behind Broilers and Beef Georgia ranking in Nation for Cotton Production - ANSWERS-2nd North Georgia's response to cotton loss - ANSWERS-chickens vertical integration - ANSWERS-Jessie decided to buy a local hatchery and local processing plant, this beginning this business process
Jesse Jewel - ANSWERS-His mother owned a feed mill in Gainesville, GA- struggling bc farmers were too pour to buy feed. Jessie gave chicks and feed to farmers and when they were grown the farmer kept a portion of the flock for his labor. Received the rest as payment Other Georgia Number 1 ranking - ANSWERS-Blueberries Vidalia Onion - ANSWERS-Must originate in a 20 county region in south central Georgia to be considered this
