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AFAA EXAM FINAL SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
SOLUTION SET
◉ Integrated function of the Psoas muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates hip internal rotation Eccentrically decelerates hip extension Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC ◉ Iliacus. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the Iliacus muscle. Answer: Concentrically accelerates hip flexion and external rotation ◉ Integrated function of the Iliacus muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates hip extension and internal rotation Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC ◉ Sartorius. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the Sartorius muscle. Answer: Concentrically accelerates hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction Concentrically accelerates knee flexion and internal rotation
◉ Integrated function of the Sartorius muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates hip extension and internal rotation Eccentrically decelerates knee extension and external rotation Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC and knee ◉ Piriformis. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the Piriformis muscle. Answer: Concentrically accelerates hip external rotation, abduction, and extension ◉ Integrated function of the Piriformis muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates hip internal rotation, adduction, and flexion Isometrically stabilizes the hip and sacroiliac joints ◉ Rectus abdominis. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the rectus abdominis. Answer: Concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation ◉ Integrated function of the rectus abdominis. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
◉ Isolated function of the Transverse abdominis. Answer: Increases intra-abdominal pressure Supports the abdominal viscera ◉ Integrated function of the transverse abdominis. Answer: Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC ◉ Diaphragm (muscle). Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the diaphragm muscle. Answer: Concentrically pulls the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity ◉ Integrated function of the diaphragm muscle. Answer: Stabilizes the LPHC ◉ Quadratus lumborum. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the quadratus lumborum muscle. Answer: Spinal lateral flexion ◉ Integrated function of the quadratus lumborum muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates contralateral lateral spine flexion Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC
◉ Multifidus. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the multifidus muscle. Answer: Concentrically accelerates spinal extension and contralateral rotation ◉ Integrated function of the multifidus muscle. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates spinal flexion and rotation Isometrically stabilizes the spine ◉ Latissimus doris. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the latissimus doris. Answer: Concentrically accelerates shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation ◉ Integrated function of the latissimus doris. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation Eccentrically decelerates spinal flexion Isometrically stabilizes the LPHC and shoulder ◉ Serratus anterior. Answer: What muscle is this?
Isometrically stabilizes the scapula ◉ Lower trapezius. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the lower trapezius. Answer: Concentrically accelerates scapular depression ◉ Integrated function of the lower trapezius. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates scapular elevation Isometrically stabilizes the scapula ◉ Middle trapezius. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of middle trapezius. Answer: Concentrically accelerates scapular retraction ◉ Integrated function of middle trapezius. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates scapular elevation Isometrically stabilizes the scapula ◉ Upper Trapezius. Answer: What muscle is this?
◉ Isolated function of the upper trapezius. Answer: Concentrically accelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rotation Concentrically accelerates scapular elevation ◉ Integrated function of the upper trapezius. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation Eccentrically decelerates scapular depression Isometrically stabilizes the cervical spine and scapula ◉ pectoralis major. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the pectoralis major. Answer: Concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation ◉ Integrated function of the pectoralis major. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates shoulder extension, horizontal abduction, and external rotation Isometrically stabilizes the shoulder girdle ◉ Pectoralis minor. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the pectoralis minor. Answer: Concentrically protracts the scapula
◉ Teres minor. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the teres minor. Answer: Concentrically accelerates shoulder external rotation ◉ Integrated function of the teres minor. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates shoulder internal rotation Isometrically stabilizes the shoulder girdle ◉ Infraspinatus. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the infraspinatus. Answer: Concentrically accelerates shoulder external rotation ◉ Integrated function of the infaspinatus. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates shoulder internal rotation Isometrically stabilizes the shoulder girdle ◉ Subscapularis. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the subscapularis. Answer: Concentrically accelerates shoulder internal rotation
◉ Integrated function of the subscapularis. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates shoulder external rotation Isometrically stabilizes the shoulder girdle. ◉ Supraspinatus. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the supraspinatus. Answer: Concentrically accelerates abduction of the arm ◉ Integrated function of the supraspinatus. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates adduction of the arm Isometrically stabilizes the shoulder girdle ◉ Biceps brachii. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the Biceps brachii. Answer: Concentrically accelerates elbow flexion, supination of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder flexion ◉ Integrated function of the Biceps brachii. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates elbow extension, pronation of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder extension Isometrically stabilizes the elbow and shoulder girdle
◉ Integrated function of the Brachialis. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates elbow extension Isometrically stabilizes the elbow ◉ Levator scapulae. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the levator scapulae. Answer: Concentrically accelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation when the scapulae is anchored Assists in elevation and downward rotation of the scapulae ◉ Integrated function of the levator scapulae. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates cervical flexion and contralateral cervical rotation and lateral flexion Eccentrically decelerates scapular depression and upward rotation when the neck is stabilized Stabilizes the cervical spine and scapulae ◉ Sternocleidomastoid. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the Sternocleidomastoid. Answer: Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion
◉ Integrated function of the Sternocleidomastoid. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion Isometrically stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint ◉ Scalenes. Answer: What muscle is this? ◉ Isolated function of the scalenes. Answer: Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion Assists rib elevation during inhalation ◉ Integrated function of the scalenes. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion Isometrically stabilizes the cervical spine ◉ Longus coli. Answer: What muscle is this? (highlighted in yellow) ◉ Isolated function of the longus coli. Answer: Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation ◉ Integrated function of the longus coli. Answer: Eccentrically decelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation.
Forward head ◉ Cues to correct form mistakes of romanian deadlifts. Answer: Squeeze the glutes keep the knees softs; don't lock them Keep the head back sit back and bend at the hips ◉ Alternative exercises for Romanian Deadlifts. Answer: Floor bridge Standing hamstring curls Partner-assisted hamstring curls Deadlift Single-leg Romanian deadlift ◉ Romanian Deadlifts. Answer: 1. Stand with feet hip-width apart and in line with the knees. Keep the resistance at thigh level
- Retract and depress the shoulders. Slightly tuck the knee.
- Keep the back straight, and slowly lower resistance by performing a hip hinge, lowering as much as flexibility permits
- Once the end ROM is reached, activate the gluteal muscles to extend at the hips and raise the torso back up to starting position and repeat.
◉ Lunge. Answer: 1. Stand with feet hip-width apart and in line with the knees.
- Step one foot forward , allowing back heel to lift off ground.
- The front foot should support most of the bodyweight, while the back leg serves as support.
- Lower the back knee as far as comfortable.
- Push off the front foot though the heel and onto the back leg, returning to starting position and repeat. ◉ Progressions of Lunges. Answer: Add external resistance Add multiple planes by performing sagittal, frontal, and transverse lunges Enhance proprioceptive demand ◉ Regressions of Lunges. Answer: Decrease range of motion Perform squats ◉ Common form mistakes of lunges. Answer: Feet turn out or in Excessive low back arch Knees cave in Knee over the toes
◉ Progressions of squats. Answer: Add external resistance Enhance proprioceptive demand ◉ Regressions of squats. Answer: Limit RM Raise arms towards the front of body Perform by sitting in chair and standing back up ◉ Common form mistakes of squats. Answer: Knees moving past the toes Excessive low back arch Knees cave in or bow out ◉ Cues to correct form mistakes of squats. Answer: "Sit back into your heels and lift with the glutes" "Brace your core to keep your back in neutral alignment" "Do not lift with the back." ◉ Alternative exercises for squats. Answer: Floor bridge Single-leg floor bridge Single-leg balance Wall ball squats Single-leg squat
Squat jumps ◉ Floor Bridge. Answer: 1. Lie supine with the back and feet flat on the floor, the feet shoulders-width apart and knees bent
- Place the arms to the sides, palms facing up.
- Draw the abdominals in, activate the gluteal muscles and brace
- Slowly raise the pelvis off of the floor by pressing through your feet, activating the glutes
- Lift the pelvis just until hips and shoulders are all in alignment
- Hold for desired time
- Slowly lower pelvis back onto the floor ◉ Progressions of floor bridges. Answer: Increase external resistance Enhance proprioceptive demand ◉ Regressions of floor bridges. Answer: Decrease range of motion Supine marching ◉ Common form mistakes of floor bridges. Answer: Raising hips too far off the floor and hyperextending the lower back Performing the movement too quickly: not holding to stabilize
