Understanding Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders, Assignments of Psychology

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Submitted To: Ma’am Zunaira Submitted By: Rida Batool (91977) Azka Bashir (91979) Javeria Siab (91978) Syeda Rukh-e-Fatima (BS-PSY-50)

INTRODUCTION

• (^) Affective disorders are illnesses that affect the way you think and feel.
• (^) People of different ages including children, teenagers, and adults all can suffer from mood disorders yet the symptoms may vary.
• (^) The diagnosis of mood disorders is hard in case of children as they cannot express what they feel.

• (^) Mood disorders referred as affective disorders and are divided into two main categories:

INTRODUCTION

Major depressive Mood Episode

• (^) Manic
• (^) Mixed
• (^) Hypomanic Major Depressive Mood Disorder
• (^) Bipolar
• (^) Dysthymic
• (^) Cyclothymic

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

From the list below five symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of major depressive episode.

• (^) Depressed mood
• (^) Loss of interest or pleasure
• (^) Change in appetite
• (^) Change in sleep
• (^) Change in body activity (psychomotor changes)
• (^) Loss of energy
• (^) Feelings of worthlessness.
• (^) Indecisiveness
• (^) Suicidal ideation

ETIOLOGY

THERAPY

• (^) Psychotherapy also known as talk therapy
• (^) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• (^) Interpersonal Therapy

MEDICATION

Antidepressants are effective in around 60% of patients, although more than 30% of patients are placebo responders. Antidepressants may take up to 6-8 weeks to have a full therapeutic effect

• (^) Selective monoamine neurotransmitter re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)
• (^) Serotonin

COPING STRATEGIES

• (^) Track triggers and symptoms
• (^) Self Care
• (^) Exercise
• (^) Record the positive
• (^) Avoid alcohol

MANIC EPISODE

• (^) A manic episode is characterized by a sustained period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, intense energy, racing thoughts, and other extreme and exaggerated behaviors. Diagnostic Criteria
• (^) Hallucinations and delusions
• (^) Being engaged in several activities at a time
• (^) Sleep problem
• (^) Talking loudly and quickly.
• (^) Grandiosity
• Hostile Behavior
• Hopelessness , suicidal thoughts
• (^) Euphoria
• (^) Racing thougts

TREATMENT

1. Therapy

• (^) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• (^) Family Therapy
• (^) Support

2. Medication

• (^) Antipsychotics : Abiliy (aripiprazole)Latuda (lurasidone)Risperdal (risperidone)Seroquel (quetiapine)Vraylar (cariprazine)Zyprexa (olanzapine)
• (^) Mood stabilizers may include:Depakote (divalproex sodium)LithiumTegretol (carbamazepine).

MOOD EPISODE: MIXED

 (^) DEF  (^) A person with mixed mood episode experience both mood poles mania and depression  (^) Symptoms (mania and depression symptoms)  (^) Causes and duration  (^) Diagnosis  (^) Etiology (genetic, biological, environmental factors)  (^) Treatment (combination of therapies, medication,counselling, drug treatment, lifestyle remedies, electroconvusive therapy ect)

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DEFINITION

• Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by
  • (^) A pervasive low mood
  • (^) Low self-esteem
  • (^) Loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities

DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA

Criteria for Major Depressive Episode 05 out of following 09 symptoms that have last from two or more weeks: Lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities Major changes in appetite or weight