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AFH CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025
Loss of directional control recovery - Gain airspeed: rudder throttles idle lower nose 4 C's - Control Configuration Climb Checklist PAST - P-Factor Accelerated Slipstream Spiraling Slipstream Torque Effect Other Vmc Certification Parameters - Rudder force not to exceed 150 lbs, no large rudders (reduces Vmc) Can not reduce power on engines No dangerous flight attitude (average piloting skills) Must prevent heading change of over 20 degrees Identifying a dead engine - EGT, Oil pressure
Throttle idle= no change 3 P's - Perceive Process Perform 5 P's - The Plane The Pilot The Passengers The Programming The Plan Small multi-engine - Reciprocating or turboprop with max certified takeoff weight of 12,500 lbs or less Light twin - Multi-engine with max certified takeoff weight of 6,000 lbs or less Penalties of loss of an engine - Performance and control Vlof - lift-off speed- when surface contact ceases Vsse - min safe, intentional one-engine-inop speed
windmilling= inc Vmc Critical engine - the engine whose failure would result in the most adverse effects on the aircraft's handling qualities or performance Bank angle influence on Vmc - Over 5 degrees decreases Vmc 3 knots/degree Under 5 degrees increases Vmc Weight's influence on Vmc - Heavier= more control (horizontal component of lift) Lighter= most unfavorable Configuration's influence on Vmc - Flaps= decrease Vmc Gear= decrease Vmc Stability decreases Vmc CG's influence on Vmc - Aft= most unstable= less rudder effectiveness= inc Vmc Fore= longer rudder arm= more control= dec Vmc Stall speed and Vmc - Stall speed stays the same while Vmc decreases with density altitude, however other factors affect stall speed
Reasons for a loss of directional control - Asymmetric thrust (primarily) Roll tendency- induced airflow, fuselage blanketing Yaw causes coupling P-Factor - descending blade produces more thrust Vmc- FAA definition - the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, and thereafter maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank not more than 5 degrees Indications of a loss of directional control - Heading change First indications of a stall Decreasing airspeed Uncontrollable yaw Rudder/aileron limit reached Vmc Certification Factors - (MULTTTI OPS) Max takeoff power Unfavorable CG (aft) Landing gear up Takeoff weight- max allowable Takeoff position of flaps (wing and cowl) Trim tab- neutral
