



Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
The various age-related changes in visual function, including changes in refractive error, contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, stereopsis, and flicker detection. It covers topics such as form deprivation myopia, axial elongation, hyperopic defocus, pupil changes, lens yellowing, and attentional fields. Detailed information on how these visual changes occur and their impact on an individual's visual performance. It also highlights the importance of understanding these age-related visual changes in order to provide appropriate interventions and accommodations for older adults. The comprehensive coverage of this topic makes this document a valuable resource for students, researchers, and healthcare professionals interested in understanding the aging visual system.
Typology: Exams
1 / 5
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!




occurs when the eyesight is deprived by limited illumination and vision range, or the eye is modified with lenses or deprived of clear form vision - correct answer -Form deprivation myopia axial elongation --> myopia - correct answer -Depriving the eye from vision Chronic image degradation can cause myopia Myopia can be sectorial—deprive any light stimulus on one part of the retina - correct answer -Depriving the eye from vision essential for normal refractive development - correct answer -clear retinal image similar to those associated w/ juvenile-onset myopia - correct answer -ocular changes in form deprivation myopia To compensate, the eye must become more hyperopic - correct answer -Optically imposed myopia To compensate, the eye must become more myopic - correct answer -Optically imposed hyperopia can control the development of RE by controlling the focus or environment - correct answer -Lens compensation does not slow the growth of the eyes - correct answer -Under-correcting a child Investigated the effects of brief daily interruptions of lens wear on the ocular compensation for negative lenses in infant monkeys - correct answer -Hyperopic defocus vs unrestricted vision Monkeys wore -3D lenses binocularly—some worn continuously; others had lenses removed for
four 15-minute periods each day (1 hour total) - correct answer -Hyperopic defocus vs unrestricted vision group of animals who wore the -3D lenses continuously exhibited axial myopia - correct answer - Hyperopic defocus vs unrestricted vision brief, daily periods of viewing through pl lenses - correct answer -eliminated myopic changes can prevent the axial myopia - correct answer -Brief periods of unrestricted vision integrating properties of the emmetropization process normally reduce the likelihood that transient periods of hyperopic defocus will cause myopia - correct answer -Conclusion: Visual signals that increase axial growth and those that reduce axial growth - correct answer -not weighted equally -acuity is highest at the fovea and decreases rapidly with eccentricity -assumed that central vision dominates refractive development - correct answer -Not true Myopes typically exhibit relative hyperopia - correct answer -in the periphery hyperopes show relative myopia - correct answer -in the periphery signals from the periphery - correct answer -ocular growth no apparent effect on emmetropization - correct answer -Foveal ablations not essential for normal refractive development - correct answer -Visual signals from the fovea
Acquire tritan (B/Y) defect - correct answer -cataracts yellowish tint to perception (due to cataract) - correct answer -Xanthopsia bluish tint to perception (common immediately following cataract removal) - correct answer -Cyanopsia Mild increase in all increment thresholds (decrease in sensitivity) - correct answer -More pronounced in macular area miosis, light scatter, and (probably) undermined neural factors - correct answer -increase in all increment thresholds Little change found - correct answer -standard automated perimetry Many more stimuli are misidentified when older pts are required to divide their attention among two or more stimuli simultaneously - correct answer -"Attentional" (useful) fields Extent of visual field - Fastest decrease begins - correct answer -70 years Due to miosis, lens and vitreous changes as well as increase in density of macular pigment and neural factors - correct answer -aging Contrast sensitivity Stereopsis - correct answer -Decreased by age 85 absence of disease begins to decrease in mid-20s falling almost linearly, a little more than one octave through age 80 - correct answer -Visual acuity high contrast recognition acuity begins ~60-65 years—standard
Snellen (high contrast) measurements do not adequately reflect an older pts loss of visual function in the real world - correct answer -Mild decrease Significantly greater decreases found in low-contrast - correct answer -Recognition acuity Recognition acuity - correct answer -begins ~60-65 years Disability glare - correct answer -beginning ~65yos low contrast acuity w/ glare - correct answer -Berkeley (disability) glare test high contrast acuity w/ glare - correct answer -Brightness acuity tester (BAT) Approx 8-fold increase in glare recovery time - correct answer -between 60-80yo Increase in glare recovery times - correct answer -starting ~60yo Gradual, mild linear decrease in CFF (40-45Hz) - correct answer -beginning ~20 yo accelerating decrease in flicker detection sensitivity at low-moderate frequencies - correct answer -~ yo decrease due to neural factors - correct answer -CFF and sensitivity