Breaking Down Organizational Silos and Agile Software Development: Two Case Studies, Assignments of Software Engineering

Two case studies that illustrate the importance of breaking down organizational silos and implementing agile software development. The first case study, from birla institute of technology & science, pilani, discusses how t-mobile employed techniques like value stream mapping and feedback velocity to eliminate silos between project managers and developers. The second case study describes a software development project for an international football event in the united arab emirates, where the team used agile methodologies to prioritize features and plan sprints. Students can use this document as study notes, summaries, or cheat sheets to understand the concepts of organizational silos, agile methodologies, and software development.

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Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani
Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division
First Semester 2022-202 Date:29/10/22
Assignment
Weightage 15%
Case Study-1:
Breaking Down Silos Between PM & Dev. by T-Mobile Marks=7%
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SGHStr4tZQ
1) What are Silos, and how were they formed? What techniques and tools did T-
Mobile employ to effect this change in their organization?
2) How do you incorporate this into your own organization?
Solution:
1) Organizational silos are structures that separate employees into individual groups.
Although professionals work at the same company, they only communicate and
collaborate with colleagues in the same silo as them. Organizational silos can form
according to an employee’s:
a. Department: Employees who have similar roles may create an organizational
silo within their department. For example, at one website company, the
copywriting team may have a separate silo than the editing team.
b. Rank within the company: Organizational silos can exist based on an
employee's experience level. For instance, entry-level employees may share a
silo that's distinguishable from the silo of managers. Employees who've worked
at a company for a long time may share a silo that's different from new
employees.
c. Geographical location: Geographical factors can refer to the location of an
employee's office, such as a silo for the employees who work on the fourth floor
of a building. Organizations with remote employees may have silos among
employees who telecommute from the same region.
d. Schedule: Employees can form organizational silos among coworkers who
work at the same time as them. For example, at a news station, the producers
who organize the morning newscasts may share the same silo, while the
producers over the evening show have their own group
The causes of organizational silos can include:
a. Lack of awareness of company vision: Employees may be unaware of the
company's overarching goal, which can create organizational silos. Suppose a
nonprofit's overall mission is to serve senior citizens, but the employees are
only concerned with accomplishing their individual goals. For example, the
human resources department focuses on training new personnel, while the
finances department focuses on attracting new donors, but there is little
collaboration between each sector.
b. Competition between departments: Departments that compete against one
another may unite in an organizational silo to do better than the opposing
group. For instance, the manager of a retail store promises a high commission
rate to the department that sells the most products. The jewelry team forms an
organizational silo to compete with the children's clothing team.
c. Physical separation of employees: The physical distance of employees'
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Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani

Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division

First Semester 2022- 202

Date: 29 /10/ 22

Assignment

Weightage 15%

Case Study-1: Breaking Down Silos Between PM & Dev. by T-Mobile Marks=7% YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SGHStr4tZQ

  1. What are Silos, and how were they formed? What techniques and tools did T- Mobile employ to effect this change in their organization?
  2. How do you incorporate this into your own organization? Solution:
  3. Organizational silos are structures that separate employees into individual groups. Although professionals work at the same company, they only communicate and collaborate with colleagues in the same silo as them. Organizational silos can form according to an employee’s: a. Department: Employees who have similar roles may create an organizational silo within their department. For example, at one website company, the copywriting team may have a separate silo than the editing team. b. Rank within the company: Organizational silos can exist based on an employee's experience level. For instance, entry-level employees may share a silo that's distinguishable from the silo of managers. Employees who've worked at a company for a long time may share a silo that's different from new employees. c. Geographical location: Geographical factors can refer to the location of an employee's office, such as a silo for the employees who work on the fourth floor of a building. Organizations with remote employees may have silos among employees who telecommute from the same region. d. Schedule: Employees can form organizational silos among coworkers who work at the same time as them. For example, at a news station, the producers who organize the morning newscasts may share the same silo, while the producers over the evening show have their own group The causes of organizational silos can include: a. Lack of awareness of company vision: Employees may be unaware of the company's overarching goal, which can create organizational silos. Suppose a nonprofit's overall mission is to serve senior citizens, but the employees are only concerned with accomplishing their individual goals. For example, the human resources department focuses on training new personnel, while the finances department focuses on attracting new donors, but there is little collaboration between each sector. b. Competition between departments: Departments that compete against one another may unite in an organizational silo to do better than the opposing group. For instance, the manager of a retail store promises a high commission rate to the department that sells the most products. The jewelry team forms an organizational silo to compete with the children's clothing team. c. Physical separation of employees: The physical distance of employees'

workspaces can contribute to the creation of organizational silos. Employees may connect with colleagues who work in the same vicinity as them, which may be the same people they encounter on a daily basis. They may share the same communal spaces, such as break rooms or conference rooms, which increases their opportunities to communicate. They may not interact as often with coworkers who work on the other side of the building, for example. d. Tolerance from management: Leaders who tolerate silos allow the culture of separate groups to exist. The relationship between managers can also influence the morale of lower-level employees. For instance, a business has two chief officers who manage their own departments, but they disagree on what leadership direction to take. The tension causes their staff members to create organizational silos within their respective departments. Tools and Techniques used:

  • Value stream mapping
  • Feedback Velocity
  • Big Room Planning **Will incorporate it by implementing the following techniques:
  1. Promote a shared vision:** It's important that employees understand how their work contributes to the overall success of the company. Promoting a shared vision can create mutual understanding, which can allow collaboration between all your employees, not just those who previously shared the same groups. Contemplate what you want your organization to accomplish and how your employees can work together to achieve it. You can share the goal on company-wide correspondence, such as mass emails or newsletters. 2. Communicate as a team : As a manager, you can encourage cohesive communication by using these methods: a. Recognizing employees for their hard work : When employees perform well, you can recognize them across departments, which can show your colleagues that you value their work regardless of their rank or position. Sharing universal praise can also give your employees a chance to congratulate one another, allowing them to create deeper connections. b. Sharing names and pictures of employees: On newsletters and other materials, consider writing the names and job titles of employees and attaching a headshot. Employees may be more likely to collaborate with coworkers who they recognize, and it may be helpful if they understood one another's roles. c. Attending assembly meetings : Consider reserving time at regular intervals to gather with everyone who works in your organization, either virtually or in person. You can initiate icebreakers to allow employees to get to know one another, and you can encourage open discussions to allow professionals to share new perspectives about how to reach company goals 3. Implement team-building exercises: Team-building exercises can encourage cross-departmental collaboration among your employees. Invite every employee to a shared space and instruct them to partner with coworkers outside of their normal groups. Have the employees complete a series of tasks, which allows them to combine their skills and work together. 4. Track organizational progress: Monitor your progress in dismantling organizational silos to determine the success of your strategies. You can review the morale in the workplace to see if your employees are collaborating more. You can also design forums or surveys to retrieve feedback on how your employees perceive one another that worked outside their initial groups. Apply the feedback to future techniques so you can continue to make progress Case Study-2: Marks=8% Agile
  1. 7 User story per developer
  2. 42 Assumed velocity ( 6 developers *7) Epic level – Facilitations System (epic name) Estimations are done by Planning Poker (primarily), T-shirt Sizing User Story Description Story Point Sprint 1 Register user from the provided list 3 1 2 Login page with authentication 5 1 3 Login page with authorization 5 1 4 [UI] Dashboard page implementation 3 2 5 [API] Dashboard page implementation 5 1 6 [UI] Booking ground page for facility admin 2 2 7 [API] Booking ground page for facility admin 3 1 8 [API] Approval ground page for approval1/2 5 1 9 [UI] Ground list page with availability 3 2 10 [API] Ground list page with availability (real-time display)

11 [API] Ground list page show available when canceled - (with four slots)

12 [API] Send notification to team members/coaches on confirmation

13 [Mobile] Send notification to team members/coaches on confirmation

14 [API] Coach should be able to make requests for any changes in ground selection

15 [API] Coach should be able to make requests for any changes in Schedule changes

16 [API] Request from a coach should be sent to the Facility team

17 [API] Request from a coach should be sent to the executive

Total User Story Points 70 Story Point for 1 developer: 12 Sprint required = Total User story points/ story points completed by 1 developer = 70/ 12 = 1. Sprint required = 2 (round off) Sprint required = 4 weeks Sprint velocity = 70/2 = 35