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Algorithm analysis Design and Microprocessor - keys- Prof. Rishi Haldar, Study notes of Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT)Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Description about Private-Key Cryptography, Public-Key Cryptography, Why Public-Key Cryptography?, Public-Key Cryptography, Public-Key Characteristics, Security of Public Key Schemes.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 09/01/2011

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Private-Key Cryptography
Private-Key Cryptography
traditional
traditional private/secret/single key
private/secret/single key
cryptography uses
cryptography uses one
one key
key
shared by both sender and receiver
shared by both sender and receiver
if this key is disclosed communications are
if this key is disclosed communications are
compromised
compromised
also is
also is symmetric
symmetric, parties are equal
, parties are equal
hence does not protect sender from
hence does not protect sender from
receiver forging a message & claiming is
receiver forging a message & claiming is
sent by sender
sent by sender
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9

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Private-Key CryptographyPrivate-Key Cryptography

traditionaltraditional private/secret/single keyprivate/secret/single key

cryptography uses cryptography uses oneone keykey

shared by both sender and receivershared by both sender and receiver

if this key is disclosed communications areif this key is disclosed communications are

compromised compromised

also isalso is symmetricsymmetric , parties are equal, parties are equal

hence does not protect sender fromhence does not protect sender from

receiver forging a message & claiming is receiver forging a message & claiming is

sent by sender sent by sender

Public-Key CryptographyPublic-Key Cryptography

probably most significant advance in theprobably most significant advance in the

3000 year history of cryptography 3000 year history of cryptography

usesuses twotwo keys – a public & a private keykeys – a public & a private key

asymmetricasymmetric since parties aresince parties are notnot equalequal

uses clever application of numberuses clever application of number

theoretic concepts to function theoretic concepts to function

complementscomplements rather thanrather than replaces privatereplaces private

key crypto key crypto

Public-Key CryptographyPublic-Key Cryptography

public-key/two-key/asymmetricpublic-key/two-key/asymmetric cryptographycryptography involves the use of involves the use of twotwo keys:keys:  aa public-keypublic-key , which may be known by anybody, and, which may be known by anybody, and can be used to can be used to encrypt messagesencrypt messages , and, and verifyverify signatures signatures  aa private-keyprivate-key , known only to the recipient, used to, known only to the recipient, used to decrypt messages decrypt messages , and, and signsign (create)(create) signaturessignatures  (^) isis asymmetricasymmetric becausebecause  those who encrypt messages or verify signaturesthose who encrypt messages or verify signatures cannot cannot decrypt messages or create signaturesdecrypt messages or create signatures

Public-Key CryptographyPublic-Key Cryptography

Public-Key CryptosystemsPublic-Key Cryptosystems

Public-Key ApplicationsPublic-Key Applications

can classify uses into 3 categories:can classify uses into 3 categories:

encryption/decryptionencryption/decryption (provide secrecy)(provide secrecy)  digital signaturesdigital signatures (provide authentication)(provide authentication)  key exchangekey exchange (of session keys)(of session keys) 

some algorithms are suitable for all uses,some algorithms are suitable for all uses,

others are specific to one others are specific to one