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1 ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS ; Agternatin Guvrent & Emf [- st is che whose magnitude ‘hae ~~ Continucusiy with Hme bfa...zeero. & maximum and whose dire ~-—Weverse.. periodicatly, Es Ta $inw8 yy Ts Ja Gs __ Tay E "Arba The. max valse of the current ov sete aa fem fs called | amblikude of Curent Ip ov vebkage Voor En _Timeperiod !- The. -time..rikety. bythe ac. “Conaplele ene one _tuele — variation 1S Cablect Hime peroel Te a 1. Peegueniey | 7 The now. of Combtet , one “Setemil is tabled. fresuency — fat =. [foes of domeshie a.c._is Mean | or. Aveyage value of AsCs > Fer. ene ccimbPete cue of acd _ _mecn vele ef acc is qeero cehihe. hi 7 “1 one. pete eyele th ——= has Some invite velar . ce _s ;- Som finvte ve! a= Ke dee ne. —— a —— - 2 Ty. - ha rr —___-—._-— eee 5 eee nein ed [. Ty Sin we at 7 ae at { ‘ ‘TY. ee ee ee 2b] z\{ Groner) . ne Se es oT CO py en 2 7 - | Je —_ : = square or effective value op ae cai root. mean. square. (Ps) velue _ Of. a _Is.eguel fo Aquare rect of ae M0 of current Scanned by CamScanner Note'. Inshantaneaus Power In ae Pp: Average powey in complete cycle 0 Se P= -f "ae — a vot Ce er my +n +66 -The-yms—Valtte—~o! J ee erend ten eye eel fy —thet—aiveck—Curnent ——tohicl—toculd _praduce heet...in. a given.. _wesiskance.ab the same __irate as the <¢ afternating.. _eurrent” So “Here fere. ys vote nc an nee ert nee me ee akso jenasn ay e . » Nolet) An ammetey ov. ele nslege | _Peads. rms value of. alternating. current oy Wellece hence max, velue _ of current oF vel bee ts They 12 oF Mime oo leo Me =e / BVI Ve hence 220 Vatt ae ls more dengarous DB: Phasor Diagrams nan ae eciveult , “Rehrough freq” oF Gaccumll and. votes Is “same__but ik is not necessary. thet bel _are_in Jame phase. Usuatty when curtent is _max, the emf isnot mas,' | the phase diff blo. vollage 2 current. debends en nature of | chro) it, 6 A cliagram. _-Vebresenting, ac Current and 4c wellnge las _weelors_ {pha Sorrs.) ott phase ahofe bjs." them is. phaser Diagren went Type of AC: Cirewits | — _ @ bien Tontiatning, edishanee 9 | ea CO E= Eosinwt ——O OO TTS ar aa? a aT ESEjSinak | hence both FE & LoL hak Same phase Sw’ _@)| _@ Ciresit containing inductance ony —> A.C emt E= Eosiniot : © : Law E-Lat =o | Using mesh ayaa |e; Sa --L =0 a et ma Sine : ee es ae Ls ce en ne: | aoe ~ Spe Be Skok at aa ee - x Amn = oe Le ~ t= fore Ee Sok at [bP to Smtut-F yO pe de Scanned by CamScanner Va & Vy are ly te “each other hose rest hant. cane Fos ITO GY eee Cee > effechve impedence phase Aif{ b / Jes Veltege © Current x i ==} @ Circuit contamng. & & R_ondy in Sevles | Ve =I Ke A Nig = =ITR ies Vp Is tn Same phase worthy 1 ain Ne fog behind the current by = Est--T BS ae ao ts ™, wn ~f/ 20" tem Phbsor chagiam % ppd yay ye wo tenga yy, RE Ke Scanned by CamScanner LHOut containing La Cory |- eM Ve = = TX XL + “ z Xe ee E, = Viv Ne, | _ WA Be, x (eK _ = E, iy Os. - —_ eae ay We it 7a X= Xe_ “than Ze 20 ik means _ eo z amptibde f me-cavren- “ut h) bem phon Rieke ~eallhed™ “resonance” nee Z es Re Scanned by CamScanner We ELECTRICAL OSCILLATION 1 L:€ CIRCUIT~ ldhen @ chavged capacity ts clischarged Mrrough 29 ai - alnductr-;--elechkeead -osei Makions pice In the civcuit, These are cathed L=¢. osel -jlek ¢ be 2 full — change’ on abate hev\ ng. elechicl = current tn the civeest 18 OF energy _b}o. pales. .and. - hen “cis comnecled with Lb pa 4 tt Afaris_discharginp. an. anti Docket L L “ Lise |_current starts. aie Leen cect cavtet ¥ n_geery. Pate change _ discharge : a LeLo max (eae an) x T; Wa ind = a ce as__Yinaahel i Lie and capaci te is entir “yeeva)_Auddten tay buk.. _gnadualy, doreeces Ihe the Same direction HR jeera_tnen_cahaciter becomes. charge in. obbosile direchen, 2 4 wepect agin cy Thus © @echve oset Waltons . 1 Such _ brece _ get ep wn_the | * : 3 Note! ©. tt resistance. oft te a “civeuth is Jeero Reo oo Phen! AK are eslab@isect q 1@! if resistance _ is_verg. Smek2 then Dambed : 7 — ‘ Ry of sogplitehiens ove seh vb | | @ fact represents ‘the sharpness oF , 'vesonance & IE is — defined age > las vesonant fres® - | ~ Bend widkh . | Pont ae ar. hoot power botot | Q2 ee Vu : Bw R/L 2 & Scanned by CamScanner * Cobeudatiers of band wid Aw! Ay hoot powey point Ae & ot pep ad, & Wa b= a ait ) Pups x D> Pen en = Gras eo te whet ztR se wre is apart ES. bt or = og at hagt power fres? WO, Ss _f wy - wo = £ D2 —O | es “from gneph 97 We | a Wd, 2 We 4 ; oP iden oe an wd, —® (a2 wy up = a oe = - ik CHOKE - COIL! - As in dhe apank the _current 1s reduced by 7 theostate . This vesult th a Doss of elechical energy, TR per sec as heat: -gimer “ase Current 6 reduceel by choke coi with He Loss of. energy. Constuction i~ 9 15 hen high = inductance cath made of Hick, insubeled cobber — udire wound — closely ti 4 a Large number of dums over a_ $olt ivon cove. having impedence. ze Ppt Lis high # due fe j ie Cobpev wie Rod -meens ZB ob Cinduckve veackence oly) hence’ $30 3 Gsb=0 ian Qess current) tk me B= Vans Tams Gp = Poa __ Note’ choke cok is vsect ond in AC Hot ty dc because th AC anew be ZR Ceahich ‘ atreadty, SmelQ) hence cholee cot wsimeamis 5” . ee A device ~usect to covert . oe At. GENRATOR (BYNAMO) = oo anbea ener in edechice® energy ts Cadtest generator. ~~ Patncipte | dt Is based on Eecho magne He ae Induchon, Wheh a closed. ci (Armature) fe rota bing. In sinng imag. FieRdl I~ ine mag flux passing. Hover . Hes coi changes. conkinaons emf | Induced in the Hence an CoiR and a "arent flows th ik th @ ctivechon given by F2emming right hond wie - Payts'- ® Armature BC) ) oi @ Seip Rin oe Piedad Shona. miei N- 4 @® Brushes B, & BL Scanned by CamScanner Ns fs 2 Ns 2 . Vp ep Ne =¥ (Tansferm ation rahi) Nole- for step-up Transformer V7) fir Steb- down Transformer if there is no Qoss Of energy due fo hen, Pose = Pec | 3 NA I. = \e Le > Io cause—of nergy towses—in“Trensformer —Ackatty Pacey fh SC ig alioags Ress Pan pocer th Tmpat (P/C) Aas te Pothatsing Vasses- Cabpey Losses- Hea te produced teny wide the-capper tern Eddy Current Rexges— Ay CLYPER KS ORE Ser Oy COO TONS @ 51 formey-—ediure—te dertelete—Pherp—and—generales heat ,.To_ minimise ik care ts Daminated by _imefsing. tt of a i number _of thin sheets of tron insulaled from adn other, inslec jek making tk. frm one _Sctid Bece of trem __©)| Hysteresis Roces = due to ik seme Qess of emerqay inko_theat in a. Complete _exele of ace. To cininimise ik soft tvon cere is taken _ @ Leakage of Pere! Since Me th Lnskeacl mt steko — : ke flee generalect is B.c. does not bass Haverph Sc. IE. Nets < Vele 3 ee ee y | _ Vp le “ Ot 22c00W UGily of “Ticnsfonmer tn Song atstance poor transmission —prwey ts tens- “\eiHee) over Gong distance ak domeshc vetlage 220V, % number of Hisadvantages “uis® avise - P__22eco Dl the Givvenk wy Vong Zine wed awl be very high (eV * Fre eon), ence Darqe heat “(PRE) UATE be Wasted CR be the Tine vesishentey Qj The—Vane—wire-.—wh id — erry high eu vent, —ta} 80-—-heve-to-madethicle-- Re vettage “drop oleng poe Cine ostne “tei y 1s considevabhe Nee Vothame—at—recervtn stati ory wt W-Tee— Qousrey—than—voltlage-at—Power Shehen| Such rire are erbensive 2 _ wip however Reeser Te FrangiWedl ak high Wethage (Trasev) Lore on =2A : Ing the disadvantages ‘almost atsappeay. The Current aa oe Thy F unte cause Tess heating 7 Mach Yess Vette ge dros and ae” . sols 9. o si + fret eaiaiiieiiaiaiabs ’ Scanned by CamScanner 
