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American Heart Association Basic Life Support
Chain of Survival IHCA (Put inOrder) 1.Surveillance, prevention, and treatment of prearrest conditions
- Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care
- Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system 4.Rapid defibrillation
- Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions 1 3 5 4 2 Chain of Survival OHCA (Put in Order)
- Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
- Multidisciplinary post cardiac arrest care
- Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions 4.Effective Advances Life Support
- Rapid Defibrillation with an AED 1 3 5 4 2 Signs and Symptoms of a Cardiac Arrest Victim Include Unresponsiveness No Breathing / No Normal Breathing (Gasps) No Pulse T / F Bystanders who are not trained in CPR are encouraged to at least provide chest compressions. T ROSC stands for ... and is achieved through which step of the chain of survival? Return of Spontaneous Circulation Achieved through rapid defibrillation What is the difference between adults and children in terms of cardiac arrest? Adults- results from serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse Children- results from respiratory failure or shock Pediatric Chain of Survival (Put in Order)
- Prevention of Arrest
- Integrated Post Cardiac Arrest Care
- Early high-quality bystander CPR
- Effective Advanced Life Support
- Rapid Activation of the emergency response system 1 3 5
T/F
Cardiac Arrest and Heart Attack are the same thing. F When the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood is it considered This is a " " problem Cardiac Arrest Rhythm When blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked it is considered This is a " " problem A Heart Attack Clot Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attack Include -Severe Discomfort in the chest or other areas of the body -Shortness of Breath -Cold Sweats -Nausea + Vomiting T/F During a Heart Attack the heart continues to pump blood however the longer the person goes without treatment, the greater the possible damage to the heart muscle. T In which locations do most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur? a. healthcare clinics b. Homes c. Recreational Facilities d. Shopping Centers b. Homes Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? a. Cardiac Problem b. Congenital or Acquired Heart Defect c. Respiratory failure or shock d. Infection and sepsis c. Respiratory Failure or Shock Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? a. when respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change b. When the heart rate is 40-60/min and respirations increase c. When blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases d. When an abnormal rhythm occurs d. when an abnormal rhythm occurs T/F Use adult BLS skills for victims who are adolescent. T Signs of Puberty Include... Males- Chest/Underarm hair Females- Breast Development Initial BLS Steps for an Adult (Put in Order)
- Scene Safety
- Check for Responsiveness
- Shout for Nearby Help and Activate the Emergency Response System
The rescuer uses the victim's chin as the guide to correctly position the pocket mask. F Use the Bridge of the Nose as a reference point for correct positioning T/F When giving breaths to a victim by using a pocket mask, the rescuer would deliver each breath over 2 seconds and with just enough force to make the chest rise. F Each breath should be delivered over 1 second, enough to make the victim's chest rise. AED stands for ... Automated External Defibrillator _______________ is a lightweight , portable, computerized device that can identify an abnormal heart rhythm that needs a shock. AED What are the 2 common placements for the AED pads? Anterolateral Placements -Place one pad directly below the pt right collarbone -Place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit. Anteroposterior Placement -Place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, halfway between the tip of the breastbone and left nipple, with the upper edge of the pad below the nipple line. -Place the other pad on the left side of the victim's back, beneath the shoulder blade, next to the spine. When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim? Before analysis and before delivery of the shock If the pt has chest hair what should you do if AED is needed? If only 1 set of pads there should be a razor so you need to shave the area. If there are 2 sets of pads then apply one set and see how the AED reacts. If it says to adjust pads them press firmly and rip the pads off taking the hair with it. Then reapply the second set of pads. When the pt has an implanted defibrillator or pacemaker and the AED is needed what should you do? Avoid placing the pads directly over the device If the pt has a medical patch over the area that you need to place AED pads what should you do? Remove medicated patch with a gloved hand and wipe the chest before putting the pad on the pt If the pt is lying in water and you need to use the AED, what should you do? Quickly move the pt to a dry area (snow or small puddle you may use it still) Wipe off water or sweat before attaching pads Use AED adult pads of children ____ years or older. 8 T/F You should not use child pads for an adult T It is better to provide high quality CPR than to attempt to shock an adult victim with pads What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victims side? a. Power on the AED b. Apply the pads c. Press the analyze button d. Press the shock button a Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
a. Placing the pads on the victims bare chest b. Shaving the victims hairy chest c. Removing the victim from water d. Finding the victims implanted pacemaker a If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken? a. Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device. b. Avoid using AED to prevent damage to the implanted device c. Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads d. Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered a What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? a. Check the pulse b. Continue chest compressions c. Give rescue breaths only d. Stand clear of the victim d A 53 year old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. What is the first action you should take in this situation? a. activate the emergency response system b. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions c. Start providing rescue breaths d. Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim d The man doesn't respond when you touch his shoulder and shout "Are you okay?" What is your best next action? a. Check his pulse b. Start high quality CPR c. Start providing rescue breaths d. Shout for nearby help d several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making "snorting" sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your next best action? a. Start high quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions b. monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives c. Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 5-6 seconds d. Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED a What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult? a. 10 Compressions to 2 breaths b. 15 Compressions to 2 breaths c. 30 Compressions to 2 breaths d. 100 Compressions to 2 breaths c What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult? a. 60 to 80 compressions per min , 1 inch depth
If you whitnessed the child go into arrest, what should you do? Immediately activate emergency response system T/F When performing CPR for a child, the rescuer should compress the chest by using 2 fingers. F For a child, the compression technique is the same as for an adult. The rescuer should use 2 hands (heel of one hand with the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand). In 1-rescuer BLS for a child with unwitnessed cardiac arrest, activation of the emergency response system occurs _____, and the compression-to-ventilation ratio is____. a. Initially while getting the AED; 30: b. Initially while getting the AED; 15: c. After 2 minutes of CPR; 30: d. After 2 minutes of CPR; 15: c In 2-rescuer BLS for a child with unwitnessed cardiac arrest, activation of the emergency response system occurs _____, and the compression-to-ventilation ratio is____. a. Initially while getting the AED; 30: b. Initially while getting the AED; 15: c. After 2 minutes of CPR; 30: d. After 2 minutes of CPR; 15: b The term infant means ... Someone younger than 1 year Where do you check for a pulse in infants? brachial pulse What is the correct chest compression technique for an infant? For 1 rescuer, place 2 fingers in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line, at the lower half of the sternum. Do not press the tip of the sternum. What is the depth that a chest compression should be for an infant? 1 1/2 inch What is the chest compression to ventilation ratio for an infant? 30:2 for 1 rescuer 15:2 for 2 rescuers T/F During 1-rescuer infant CPR, the rescuer uses the heel of 1 hand to provide chest compressions. F When compressing an infant's chest, a single rescuer should use 2 fingers in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line, on the lower half of the breastbone. T/F During high-quality infant CPR, chest compressions should be delivered at a depth of at least one third the anteroposterior diameter of the chest, or about 1½ inches (4 cm). T During 2 rescuer infant compressions,what technique should you use?
Two thumb encircling hands technique What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3 year old child? a. 15 compressions to 1 breath b. 15 compression to 2 breaths c. 20 compressions to 2 breaths d. 30 compressions to 2 breaths d What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a 7 year old child when 2 or more rescuers are present? a. 15 compressions to 1 breath b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths c. 20 compressions to 2 breaths d. 30 compressions to 2 breaths b For what age victim is the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique recommended when 2 or more rescuers are present? d What is the correct chest compression depth for a child? a. at least one fourth the depth of the chest, about 1 inch b. at least one third the depth of the chest, about 1 1/2 inch c. at least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inch d. at least on half the depth of the chest, 2 1/2 inch c What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant? a. at least one fourth the depth of the chest, or about 1 inch b. at least one third the depth of the chest, or about 1 1/2 inch c. at least one third the depth of the chest, or about 2 inch d. at least one half the depth of the chest, or about 2 1/2 inch b Use child pads, if available for infants and for children how old? Children less than 8 years of age You should use adult pad when? When child pads are unavailable Victims 8 years of age and older should use what pads? Adult pads. Using child pads will give a shock dose that is too low. Victims less than 8 years of age should use what pads? Child pads if available. However, you can use adult pads if child pads are unavailable. What should you do when using an AED on an infant or a child less than 8 years of age. a. never use adult AED pads b. Use adult AED pads c. Use adult AED pads if the AED doesn't have child pads d. Use adult AED pads but cut them in half c If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant vicitim, which action should you take? a. Perform high quality CPR b. Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator c. Use an AED without a pediatric dose attenuator d. Wait for advanced care to arrive b
Rescue breathing is providing breaths to a victim who has a pulse but is not breathing. T If a victim has a pulse but isn't breathing, rescuers should deliver breaths without chest compressions. This is known as rescue breathing. T/F For an unresponsive child who has a pulse but is not breathing, deliver 1 breath every 6 seconds. F For rescue breathing given to infants and children, give 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds, or about 12 to 20 breaths per minute. If you give breaths too quickly or with too much force, air is likely to enter the stomach rather than the lungs causing _____________. Gastric Inflation - filling of the stomach with air How can you reduce the risk of gastric inflation?
Deliver each breath over 1 second
Deliver just enough air to make the victims chest rise. When providing rescue breaths when the victim has an advanced airway, the technique changes to what? Perform continual compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min without pauses for breaths Give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute) for adults children and infants T/F When an advanced airway is in place, the rescuer should compress at a rate of 90 to 100/min. F The compression rate when an advanced airway is in place should remain at 100 to 120/min, with no pause to deliver breaths. T/F A rescuer should give breaths at the rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds during 2-rescuer CPR for an adult when an advanced airway is in place. T During 2-rescuer CPR for an adult when an advanced airway is in place, the rescuer does not stop compressions to give breaths. The rescuer gives 1 breath every 6 seconds, which results in 10 breaths per minute. Which victim would need only rescue breathing? a. Agonal gasping with no pulse b. Breathing with a weak pulse c. No breathing and a pulse d. No breathing and no pulse c How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is present? a. 1 breath every 2-3 seconds b. 1 breath every 3-5 seconds c. 1 breath every 5-6 seconds d. 1 breath every 8-10 seconds b Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation? a. delivering each breath over 1 second b. giving shallow rapid breaths c. Using a bag mask device for delivering ventilation
d. Using mouth to mouth breathing technique a Which is the preferred technique for giving rescue breaths to an infant? a. mouth to mouth b. mouth to mouth and nose c. mouth to nose d. any method is acceptable b Opiods are medications primarily used for _______________. Pain relief A rescuer arrives at the side of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. The victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse. Which action should the rescuer do next? a. Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds b. Administer naloxone per local protocols a For a suspected opioid-associated life-threatening emergency in a victim who is unresponsive and not breathing normally but does have a pulse, the rescuer should give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds in an adult, and every 3 to 5 seconds in a child or infant. Then, if local protocol allows, the rescuer may give naloxone. But the rescuer should not delay breaths to give naloxone. A rescuer has determined that the victim suspected of having an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency is unresponsive, is not breathing normally, and has no pulse. Which action should the rescuer do next? a. Administer naloxone per local protocols and monitor the response b. Provide high-quality CPR and use the AED as soon as it is available b For a suspected opioid-associated life-threatening emergency in a victim who is unresponsive, is not breathing normally, and has no pulse, the rescuer should provide high-quality CPR and use the AED as soon as it is available. Then, if local protocol allows, the rescuer may give naloxone after starting CPR. What is not an example of an opiod? a. Heroin b. Hydrocodone c. Morphine d. Naloxone d your 27 year old room mate uses opiods. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opiod associated life threatening emergency. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and is looking for the naloxone autoinjector. What action should you take? a. remain with your room mate until the naloxone arrives and administer it immediately b. begin CPR, starting with chest compressions c. provide rescue breathing, 1 breath every 5-6 seconds d. provide rapid defibrillation w/ and AED c You encounter an unresponsive 56 year old man who has been taking hydrocodone after a surgical procedure. He is not breathing and has no pulse. You notice that his medication bottle is empty. You suspect an opiod associated life threatening emergency. A collegue activates the emergency response system and is retrieving the AED and naloxone. What is the most appropriate action for you to take next? a. wait for the naloxone to arrive before doing anything
b. A woman who is obviously pregnant c. An obese 50 year old man d. An average size 9 month old infant a. You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9 year old child, when he suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for nearby help, what is the most appropriate action to take next? a. begin high quality CPR, starting with chest compressions b. check for pulse c. continue performing abdominal thrusts d. provide 5 back slaps followed by chest thrusts a. T/F When giving CPR to an infant who is choking and becomes unresponsive, the rescuer should look for the object in the back of the throat each time the airway is opened. T The team functions smoothly when all team members know their positions, functions, and tasks during a resuscitation attempt. This matches with... a. Clear Roles and Responsibilities b. Knowing your limitations c. Constructive Intervention d. Mutual Respect a. What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water? a. don't move the victim and don't use the AED b. Pull the victim out of the water but don't use the AED c. Pull the victim out of the water and wipe their chest d. Don't pull the victim out of the water but wipe the victim before placing pads b A middle aged man collapses in the hallway in your ward. You got to the victim and find that he is unresponsive. No breathing and No Pulse What action is most likely to positively impact the victim's survival? a. perform high quality CPR b. Ensuring scene safety c. providing rescue breaths d. checking the pulse frequently a A middle aged man collapses in the hallway in your ward. You got to the victim and find that he is unresponsive. No breathing and No Pulse You and another rescuer begin CPR. After a few cycles, you notice the chest compression rate is slowing. What should you say to offer constructive feedback? a. You need to compress at a rate of 80 - 120 per minute b. You need to compress at a rate of at least 120 per minute c. You need to compress at a rate of 100-120 per minute d. You need to compress at a rate of at least 100 per minute c Why is defibrillation important? a. It can restore a regular cardiac rhythm b. It prevents rearrest from occurring c. It is not important for cardiac arrest
d. There is 100% success rate in regaining a normal heart rhythm a While performing high quality CPR on an adult, what actions should you ensure is being accomplished? a. Maintaining a compression rate of 90-120/min b. Placing hands on the upper third of the sternum c. Allowing the chest to recoil 1 inch d. Compressing to a depth of at least 2 inches d How can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths when using a bag mask device? a. Observing the chest rise with breaths b. Delivering breaths quickly and forcefully c. Always having oxygen attached to the bag d. Allowing air to release around the mask a An 8 month old infant in the pediatric ward is eating lunch with the help of the ward volunteer. The infant suddenly begins to cough and is unable to make any noise shortly after. The volunteer picks up the infant and shouts for help. You have determined that the infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How do you relieve the airway obstruction? a. Encourage the infant to cough b. Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts c. Begin 2 thumb encircling hand compressions d. Give abdominal thrusts b An 8 month old infant in the pediatric ward is eating lunch with the help of the ward volunteer. The infant suddenly begins to cough and is unable to make any noise shortly after. The volunteer picks up the infant and shouts for help. What action do you perform to relieve choking in an unresponsive infant? a. Perform CPR and look in the mouth for obstructing object b. Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts c. Give sets of 5 chest thrusts and 5 back slaps d. Attempt a blind finger sweep when giving breaths to remove the obstructing object a. You are a member of the emergency response team for your hospital and are called to a code blue. You arrive to find one of your colleagues leading a resuscitation attempt for an elderly pt. You notice that the person performing chest compressions seems to be tiring and compression rate is slowing. When should rescuers switch positions during CPR? a. Never switch rescuers, and maintain current roles b. Switch rescuers at 5 minute intervals c. Switch rescuers about every 2 minutes d. Switch rescuers when placing AED pads c You are a member of the emergency response team for your hospital and are called to a code blue. You arrive to find one of your colleagues leading a resuscitation attempt for an elderly pt. You notice that the person performing chest compressions seems to be tiring and compression rate is slowing. You notice the person giving chest compressions is not allowing for complete recoil. What is your next course of action? a. Stand back and wait for directions from team leader
b. Follow the AED prompts c. Clear the pt d. Press the shock button b Which victim requires high quality CPR? a. a victim who is unresponsive, has a strong pulse, and is breathing adequately. b. a victim who is unresponsive with no normal breathing and no pulse c. a victim who is responsive, has a pulse, and is having trouble breathing d. A victim who is responsive, is having trouble breathing, and has a pulse less than 60/ min b Rapid defibrillation is a link in the adult chain of survival. Why is it important to survival? a. It prevents cardiac arrest b. It prevents respiratory arrest c. It provides normal respiration d. It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm d A victim with a foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, what is your first course of action? a. Start CPR beginning with chest compressions b. Roll the victim over and perform back blows c. Perform abdominal thrusts d. Perform Blind finger sweeps a When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modifications should you incorporate? a. There are no modifications to CPR for an unresponsive choking victim b. You do not give breaths to an unresponsive choking victim c. Each time you open the airway look for the obstructing object d. Attempt a jaw thrust instead of a head tilt chin lift c You whitness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse. What should you do next? a. Begin CPR, the gasps are not normal breathing b. Give rescue breaths only, the gasps are not normal breathing c. Monitor the pt, the gasps are considered normal breathing d. Begin CPR, even though gaspsing is normal breathing a How do you perform chest compressions when providing high quality CPR to a child victim? a. By compressing the chest at least one third the depth of the chest about 2 inch (5 cm) b. By compressing the chest at least one fourth the depth of the chest about an 1 1/2 inch c. By compressing the chest at least two thirds the depth of the chest about 4 inches d. By comprssing the chest about one half the depth of the chest about 3 inch a What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1 rescuer infant CPR? a. 30 compressions to 2 breaths b. 5 compressions to 1 breath c. 20 compressions to 2 breaths d. 15 compressions to 2 breaths a
Members of the team know their boundaries and ask for help before the resuscitation attempt worsens. Which team dynamic best fits this statement? a. Knowledge sharing b. Knowing your limitations c. Summarizing and Reevaluation d. Constructive Intervention b
