Army Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards: A Comprehensive Guide, Study notes of Construction

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Department of the Army

Pamphlet 385–

Safety

Ammunition

and Explosives

Safety

Standards

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 December 1999

UNCLASSIFIED

SUMMARY of CHANGE

DA PAM 385–

Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

This change 1--

o Incorporates recent changes to explosives safety criteria of DOD 6055.9-STD, DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards.

o Incorporates requirements previously only contained in TM 206-1300- (rescinded) (para 2-6).

o Adds requirements for underground facilities (para3-23, para 5-13, figure 5- 10, and para 6-3c).

o Adds requirements for plans to provide safety, security, and environmental protection in emergency response (para 3-24).

o Adopts DOD revisions to criteria for hazard division 1.2 (app I).

o Provides corrections to quantity-distance requirements for public highways (para 5-6).

o Provides corrections to unbarricaded intraline distance requirements (para 5-6d(3)).

o Provides corrections to facilities siting criteria (chap 5).

o Provides corrections to magazine siting criteria (chap 5).

o Corrects/updates quantity-distance tables (chap 5)

o Adds requirements for surge suppression for incoming conductors to include suppression at the entrance to the building from each wire to ground (para 6- 5b).

o Corrects qualification requirements for personnel responsible for electrical maintenance, inspection and testing (para 6-13c(1)).

o Clarifies lighting protection electrical test requirements for earth covered magazines (table 6-1).

o Corrects DD Form 626 inspection requirements motor vehicles loaded with explosives, ammunition, or other hazardous material (para 7-7a and 7-8).

o Adds information on DOD explosives safety surveys (para 8-1f).

o Changes construction requirements for explosives buildings (para 8-5).

o Provides changes to requirements for barricaded open storage modules and barricades and earth cover for magazines (para 8-29c, 8-29d(3), and 8-30).

o Provides the minimum technical criteria for lightning protection of explosives areas and facilities (chap 12).

o Sets forth requirements for storage of ammunition and explosives within the Army (chap 13).

o Establishes peacetime operational requirements concerning CONUS and OCONUS ammunition and explosives activities, training operations, contingency force operations and airfields used by military aircraft in the theater of operations (chap 14).

o Provides guidance for the safe handling, transportation, and storage of ammunition during wartime and contingency operations (chap 15).

o Defines the Army criteria pertaining to the storage and handling of commercial explosives (chap 16).

o Provides guidance on the requirements and procedures for the disposal of ammunition, explosives and propellants (chap 17).

o Establishes requirements and criteria relative to operations involving maintenance and/or the restoration of ammunition and explosives to a serviceable condition (chap 18).

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 December 1999

Safety

Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

Department of the Army

Pamphlet 385– 64

History. This publication was originally p r i n t e d o n 2 8 N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 7. I t w a s a u t h e n t i c a t e d b y D e n n i s J. R e i m e r , General, United States Army, Chief of Staff and Joel B. Hudson, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army. This electronic edition publishes the basic 1997 edition and incorporates change 1. Change 1 was printed on 15 December 1999 and was authenticated by Eric K. Shinseki, General, United States Army, C h i e f o f S t a f f a n d J o e l B. H u d s o n , Administrative Assistant to the Secretary

o f t h e A r m y. C h a n g e s a r e s h o w n w i t h underscore and tint. Summary. This pamphlet provides force protection guidance for commanders with an ammunition or explosives mission. It provides procedures to protect military and civilian Army employees, the public, and the environment. It also sets forth procedures for use when transporting am- munition or explosives over the public highway. Applicability. The provisions of this pamphlet apply to all Army installations and activities, the Army National Guard ( A R N G ) , t h e U. S. A r m y R e s e r v e (USAR), Government-owned, contractor- operated (GOCO) facilities, and contrac- tor operations on Government property. Ammunition and explosives under U.S. ti- tle, even though stored in a host country, remain the responsibility of the U.S. com- mander. Storage must conform with Army standards for explosives safety unless the use of other criteria (such as North Atlan- tic Treaty Organization (NATO) or host nation has been agreed to or is mandatory. A copy of all agreement documents will b e p r o v i d e d m a j o r A r m y c o m m a n d s (MACOMs) involved and two will be sent to the Director, U.S. Army Technical C e n t e r f o r E x p l o s i v e s S a f e t y

(USATCES). A copy of all agreements will also be made a permanent part of the real property records. Provisions of this pamphlet apply in wartime, peacetime, and in contingency situations. Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this pamphlet is the Under Secretary of the Army. The Under Secretary of the Army has the authority to approve exceptions to this pamphlet that a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h c o n t r o l l i n g l a w a n d regulation. The Under Secretary of the Army may delegate this authority, in writ- ing, to a division chief within the propo- n e n t a g e n c y w h o h o l d s t h e g r a d e o f colonel or the civilian equivalent. Suggested Improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recom- m e n d e d C h a n g e s t o P u b l i c a t i o n s a n d Blank Forms) directly to Director, U.S. Army Technical Center for Explosives Safety. Distribution. Distribution of this publi- cation is made in accorance with initial distribution number (IDN) 095466, for command levels D and E for the Active Army, the Army National Guard, and the U.S. Army Reserve.

Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)

Chapter 1 Introduction, page 1 Purpose • 1–1, page 1 References • 1–2, page 1 Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1–3, page 1 Implementation • 1–4, page 1 Policy on existing explosives facilities • 1–5, page 1

Chapter 2 General Safety Precautions, page 1 Hazard analysis and risk assessment • 2–1, page 1 Personnel qualifications • 2–2, page 2 Use of written standards • 2–3, page 2

DA PAM 385–64 • 15 December 1999 i

UNCLASSIFIED

Glossary

• Personnel and explosives limits • 2 – 4, page
• Handling and movement precautions • 2 – 5, page
• Housekeeping • 2 – 6, page
• Testing, disassembly, and modification of explosives items • 2 – 7, page
• Explosive ordnance disposal training aids • 2 – 8, page
• Field safety • 2 – 9, page
• Accident reporting • 2 – 10, page
• Rod and gun clubs • 2 – 11, page
• Public demonstrations, exhibitions, and celebrations • 2 – 12, page
• Static or public display • 2 – 13, page
• Explosives training aids for military working dogs • 2 – 14, page
• Hunting • 2 – 15, page
• Chapter
• Fire Prevention, Protection, and Suppression, page
• Fire prevention management • 3 – 1, page
• Smoking • 3 – 2, page
• Training • 3 – 3, page
• Fire drills • 3 – 4, page
• Fire exit drills • 3 – 5, page
• Alarms • 3 – 6, page
• Fire prevention requirements • 3 – 7, page
• Auxiliary firefighting equipment • 3 – 8, page
• Storage of water for firefighting • 3 – 9, page
• Access to fire hose • 3 – 10, page
• Limitation of fire areas • 3 – 11, page
• Reciprocal agreements for fire fighting support • 3 – 12, page
• Public withdrawal distances • 3 – 13, page
• Firefighting guidance symbols • 3 – 14, page
• Posting fire symbols • 3 – 15, page
• Exceptions on posting fire symbols • 3 – 16, page
• Posting chemical hazard symbols • 3 – 17, page
• Procedures for chemical agents and other toxic substances • 3 – 18, page
• Firefighting at railheads • 3 – 19, page
• Automatic sprinkler systems • 3 – 20, page
• Deluge systems for explosives operations • 3 – 21, page
• Instructions for fighting fires involving ammunition or explosives • 3 – 22, page
• Reentry of underground facilities • 3 – 23, page
• Emergency planning • 3 – 24, page
• Chapter
• Hazard Classification and Compatibility Groups, page
• Explosives hazard classification procedures • 4 – 1, page
• EIDS and EIDS ammunition • 4 – 2, page
• Storage principles • 4 – 3, page
• Mixed storage • 4 – 4, page
• Storage compatibility groups • 4 – 5, page
• Class 1 or 6 chemical agent hazards or combined chemical agent and explosives hazards • 4 – 6, page
• Underground storage • 4 – 7, page
• Chapter
• Quantity-Distance, page
• Explosives quantity-distance • 5 – 1, page
• Quantity of explosives • 5 – 2, page
• Measuring distance • 5 – 3, page
• ii DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December
• Q-D computations and determinations • 5 – 4, page Contents—Continued
• Fragments • 5 – 5, page
• Quantity-distance: expected effects and permissible exposures • 5 – 6, page
• Facilities siting criteria • 5 – 7, page
• Magazine siting requirements • 5 – 8, page
• Quantity-distance tables • 5 – 9, page
• Airfields, heliports, and seadromes • 5 – 10, page
• Pier and wharf facilities • 5 – 11, page
• Liquid propellants • 5 – 12, page
• Underground storage • 5 – 13, page
• Chapter
• Electrical Hazards, page
• Electrical Service and Equipment, page Section I
• Overview • 6 – 1, page
• Hazardous locations • 6 – 2, page
• Approved equipment • 6 – 3, page
• Maintenance of electrical equipment • 6 – 4, page
• Electrical service lines in explosives areas • 6 – 5, page
• Electrical motors for hazardous locations • 6 – 6, page
• Portable lighting systems • 6 – 7, page
• Permanent lighting for storage magazines • 6 – 8, page
• Flexible cords • 6 – 9, page
• Static electricity, page Section II
• Static electricity charge dissipation subsystem • 6 – 10, page
• Ordnance grounds (static grounds) • 6 – 11, page
• Instrument grounds • 6 – 12, page
• Grounding, page Section III
• Explosives facility grounding • 6 – 13, page
• Earth electrode subsystem • 6 – 14, page
• Electromagnetic Radiation, page Section IV
• Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to electro-explosive devices (EEDs) • 6 – 15, page
• Chapter
• Transportation, page
• General requirements, page Section I
• General information • 7 – 1, page
• Certification of personnel involved with transportation • 7 – 2, page
• Hazard classification • 7 – 3, page
• Preparation for shipment • 7 – 4, page
• Compatibility of explosives in transportation • 7 – 5, page
• Motor Vehicles, page Section II
• Vehicle general safety requirements • 7 – 6, page
• Inbound motor shipment of ammunition and explosives • 7 – 7, page
• Outbound motor vehicle shipments of explosives • 7 – 8, page Contents—Continued
• Safe haven for explosive shipments • 7 – 9, page
• On-post explosive movements • 7 – 10, page
• Passengers in or on Government vehicles transporting explosives • 7 – 11, page
• Rail, Air, and Water Transport, page Section III
• Railroad transportation • 7 – 12, page
• Air transportation • 7 – 13, page
• Water transportation • 7 – 14, page
• Chapter
• Safety Site Planning, Construction, and Utilities, page
• Explosives/Toxic Chemical Safety Site Plans, page Section I
• Explosives/Toxic Chemical Safety Site Plan Submittals • 8 – 1, page
• Explosives safety site plan contents • 8 – 2, page
• Review and approval of explosives safety site plans • 8 – 3, page
• Construction Considerations, page Section II
• Construction considerations • 8 – 4, page
• Buildings • 8 – 5, page
• Interior finishes and floors • 8 – 6, page
• Firewalls • 8 – 7, page
• Substantial dividing walls • 8 – 8, page
• Building exits • 8 – 9, page
• Safety chutes • 8 – 10, page
• Emergency exits and fire escapes • 8 – 11, page
• Stairways • 8 – 12, page
• Fixed ladders • 8 – 13, page
• Platforms, runways, and railings • 8 – 14, page
• Passageways • 8 – 15, page
• Roads, walks, and gates • 8 – 16, page
• Windows and skylights • 8 – 17, page
• Drains and sumps • 8 – 18, page
• Hardware • 8 – 19, page
• Tunnels • 8 – 20, page
• Powerhouse equipment • 8 – 21, page
• Refrigeration • 8 – 22, page
• Laundries • 8 – 23, page
• Steam for processing and heating • 8 – 24, page
• Ventilation • 8 – 25, page
• Electrical equipment • 8 – 26, page
• Collection of explosives dusts • 8 – 27, page
• Automatic sprinkler systems • 8 – 28, page
• Open Storage Modules, Barricades, and Protective Construction, page Section III
• Barricaded open storage modules • 8 – 29, page
• Barricades and earth cover for magazines • 8 – 30, page
• Policy on protective construction • 8 – 31, page
• Strengthening (hardening of buildings) • 8 – 32, page
• iv DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December
• Chapter Contents—Continued
• Explosives Licensing, page
• Procedures • 9 – 1, page
• Required information • 9 – 2, page
• Chapter
• Materials Handling Equipment (MHE), page
• General requirements • 10 – 1, page
• Battery-powered materials handling equipment • 10 – 2, page
• Gasoline and diesel powered equipment • 10 – 3, page
• LP-gas-powered equipment • 10 – 4, page
• Gasoline, diesel-powered and LP-gas-powered equipment for handling explosives materials • 10 – 5, page
• Storage • 10 – 6, page
• Chapter
• Port Operations, page
• Background information • 11 – 1, page
• Loading of vehicles • 11 – 2, page
• Vehicle holding site • 11 – 3, page
• Railhead operations • 11 – 4, page
• Road movement • 11 – 5, page
• Port safety • 11 – 6, page
• Chapter
• Lightning Protection, page
• General information • 12 – 1, page
• Fundamental principles of lightning protection • 12 – 2, page
• Locations requiring an LPS • 12 – 3, page
• Locations not requiring lightning protection • 12 – 4, page
• Requirements for lightning protection systems • 12 – 5, page
• Types of lightning protection systems • 12 – 6, page
• General prohibitions • 12 – 7, page
• Bonding • 12 – 8, page
• Lightning warning systems • 12 – 9, page
• Structural grounds • 12 – 10, page
• Grounding • 12 – 11, page
• Surge protection • 12 – 12, page
• Visual inspection requirements • 12 – 13, page
• Electrical testing requirements • 12 – 14, page
• Records • 12 – 15, page
• Truck holding areas • 12 – 16, page
• Lightning protection for empty facilities • 12 – 17, page
• Chapter
• Explosives Storage Requirements, page
• General requirements • 13 – 1, page
• Magazine storage of explosives and ammunition • 13 – 2, page
• Outdoor storage • 13 – 3, page
• Holding yard • 13 – 4, page
• Storage of specific types of ammunition and explosives • 13 – 5, page
• Inert ammunition • 13 – 6, page
• Unserviceable ammunition • 13 – 7, page
• Storage of captured enemy ammunition • 13 – 8, page
• Chemical munitions • 13 – 9, page
• Chemical Group B agents • 13 – 10, page
• Storage of Chemical Group B agent munitions • 13 – 11, page Contents—Continued
• Special protective equipment for Chemical Group B agent munitions • 13 – 12, page
• First aid for Group B chemical agents • 13 – 13, page
• Leaking Chemical Group B agent munitions • 13 – 14, page
• Removal of spilled Chemical Group B fillers • 13 – 15, page
• Fire in Chemical Group B agent munitions magazines • 13 – 16, page
• Chemical Group C agents • 13 – 17, page
• Storage for Chemical Group C munitions • 13 – 18, page
• First aid and special equipment for Chemical Group C munitions • 13 – 19, page
• Leaking Group C chemical munitions • 13 – 20, page
• Removal of Chemical Group C contamination • 13 – 21, page
• Fire in Chemical Group C munitions magazines • 13 – 22, page
• Chemical Group D fillers • 13 – 23, page
• Storage of Chemical Group D munitions • 13 – 24, page
• Special protective equipment for Chemical Group D munitions • 13 – 25, page
• First aid for Chemical Group D munitions • 13 – 26, page
• Leaking Chemical Group D munitions • 13 – 27, page
• Fire in Chemical Group D munitions magazines • 13 – 28, page
• Termination of use of facilities storing ammunition and explosives • 13 – 29, page
• Chapter
• General • 14 – 1, page
• Site plan process • 14 – 2, page
• Asset Preservation Distances. • 14 – 3, page
• Basic load ammunition holding areas • 14 – 4, page
• Basic load storage in other than BLAHAs • 14 – 5, page
• Vehicle and equipment maintenance • 14 – 6, page
• Fire prevention • 14 – 7, page
• Surveillance • 14 – 8, page
• Storage • 14 – 9, page
• Basic load storage ammunition holding areas in the United States • 14 – 10, page
• General requirements for training operations • 14 – 11, page
• Upload exercises • 14 – 12, page
• Combat configured loads • 14 – 13, page
• Aviation operations at BLAHAs • 14 – 14, page
• Forward area rearm/refuel points (FARP) • 14 – 15, page
• Airfield Operations • 14 – 16, page
• Ports • 14 – 17, page
• Static missile battery separation • 14 – 18, page
• Separation from fuel • 14 – 19, page
• Chapter
• Wartime Operations, page
• General requirements • 15 – 1, page
• Theater and corps ammunition storage areas • 15 – 2, page
• Storage at the ASP and ATP • 15 – 3, page
• Short-term ATP storage • 15 – 4, page
• Field storage and handling areas. • 15 – 5, page
• Transportation within the theater of operations • 15 – 6, page
• Modular storage • 15 – 7, page
• Ammunition turn-in at the cessation of hostilities • 15 – 8, page
• Emergency destruction of ammunition • 15 – 9, page
• vi DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December
• Chapter Contents—Continued
• Storage and handling of commercial explosives, page
• Background • 16 – 1, page
• Use • 16 – 2, page
• Procedures • 16 – 3, page
• Commercial dynamite • 16 – 4, page
• Chapter
• Demilitarization, page
• Demilitarization • 17 – 1, page
• Methods • 17 – 2, page
• Safety precautions • 17 – 3, page
• Site selection for burning or demolition grounds • 17 – 4, page
• Burning sites • 17 – 5, page
• New demilitarization technologies • 17 – 6, page
• Chapter
• Maintenance, page
• General information • 18 – 1, page
• Safety requirements • 18 – 2, page
• Operational shields • 18 – 3, page
• Equipment for shielded operations • 18 – 4, page
• Tools, equipment and supplies • 18 – 5, page
• Protection of primers • 18 – 6, page
• Cleaning ammunition • 18 – 7, page
• Spray painting • 18 – 8, page
• Electrostatic paint spraying and detearing of inert items in non-hazardous locations • 18 – 9, page
• Infrared ray drying • 18 – 10, page
• Drying freshly painted loaded ammunition • 18 – 11, page
• Heat sealing equipment • 18 – 12, page
• Soldering containers • 18 – 13, page
• Thread cleaning • 18 – 14, page
• Inert scrap components and packaging materials • 18 – 15, page
• Sand or shotblasting operations • 18 – 16, page
• Location of sand or shotblasting operations in explosives storage areas • 18 – 17, page
• Sand or shotblasting operations within a building in an operating line • 18 – 18, page
• Electrical testing of ammunition and ammunition components • 18 – 19, page
• Profile and alignment gaging operations • 18 – 20, page
• Collection of explosives dusts • 18 – 21, page
• Location of collection chambers • 18 – 22, page
• Design and operation of collection systems • 18 – 23, page
• Solid propellant collection • 18 – 24, page
• Destruction of solid wastes • 18 – 25, page
• Assembly and crimping of complete rounds • 18 – 26, page
• Rotational speeds for equipment used in field ammunition operations • 18 – 27, page
• Machining of explosives • 18 – 28, page
• Operational shields for munitions loading • 18 – 29, page
• Chapter
• Special storage procedures for waste military munitions, page
• Scope and applicability • 19 – 1, page
• Waivers and exemptions • 19 – 2, page
• Requirements for Storage of Waste Military Munitions under CE • 19 – 3, page
• Other storage standards • 19 – 4, page
• Reporting • 19 – 5, page
• Closure of facilities storing waste munitions under CE • 19 – 6, page Contents—Continued
• Closure of facilities storing waste military munitions under RCRA • 19 – 7, page
• A. References, page Appendixes
• B. Earth Electrode Subsystem Test and Inspection, page
• C. Inspection and Test of Static Electricity Charge Dissipation Subsystem, page
• D. Inspection and Test of Lightning Protection Subsystems, page
• E. Field Expedient Grounding Techniques, page
• F. Safe Conveyor Separation for Ammunition/Explosives, page
• G. Standard designs for explosives facilities, page
• H. The 100–Foot Zone of Protection, page
• I. Revised Hazard Division 1.2 criteria, page
• J. Explosives Safety Program Management, page
• Military Munitions, page K. Investigating and Reporting Unpermitted or Uncontrolled Detonation, Release, Discharge, or migration of Waste
• Table 3–1: Extinguishing agents for fires, page Table List
• Table 3–2: Fire symbol hazards and actions, page
• Table 3–3: Chemical hazard symbols and actions, page
• Table 3–4: Emergency withdrawal distances for nonessential personnel, page
• Table 3–5: Fire divisions hazards, page
• Table 3–6: Fire division symbols, page
• storage, page Table 3–7: Chemical agents and fillers contained in ammunition and the chemical hazard symbols required in
• Table 4–1: EIDS and EIDS ammunition hazard divisions, page
• Table 4–2: QD criteria for configuration of HD 1.6 components and assemblies with other HD components, page
• Table 4–3: Storage Compatibility Mixing Chart, page
• Table 5–1: HD 1.1 inhabited building and public traffic route distances, page
• Table 5–2: Minimum primary fragment protection distance expressed in feet for selected HD 1.1 Items, page
• Table 5–3: HC/D 1.1 intraline distances in feet from PESs other than earth-covered magazines 3 , page
• ES), page Table 5–4: HD 1.1 intraline distances from earth-covered magazines (type of distance protection to be provided to
• Table 5–5: HC/D 1.1 intermagazine hazard factors and distances, page
• Table 5–6: HC/D 1.1 Guide for Intermagazine Distance 1,8,9, page
• Table 5–7: Personnel protection distances from aboveground detonations, page
• ammunition for demilitarization, demonstration, or explosives ordnance disposal, page detonating
• Table 5–9: Thermal flux calculations, page
• Table 5–10: Impulse noise protection decision table, page
• Table 5–11: Impulse noise zones measured in feet from intentional detonations, page
• Table 5–12: Impulse noise B-duration (estimated for various NEWs and distances), page
• page Table 5–13: Impulse noise zones and required protections with maximum permissable number of detonations per day,
• page Table 5–14: Q-D for unprotected aboveground service tanks supporting explosives storage or operating complexes,
• Table 5–15: HD 1.2 distances, page
• Table 5–16: HD 1.3 QD, page
• viii DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December
• Table 5–17: HC/D 1.4 quantity-distance, page Contents—Continued
• Table 5–18: QD criteria for HD 1.6 ammunition, page
• Table 5–19: HD 1.1.QD for military aircraft parking areas, page
• Table 5–20: Application of ammunition and explosives safety distances between various types of facilities, page
• Table 5–21: Liquid propellant HE (TNT) equivalents 2,3,4,5,6,7, page
• Table 5–22: Factors for converting gallons of propellant into pounds^1 , page
• Table 5–23: Liquid propellants hazard and compatibility groups, page
• Table 5–24 (PAGE 1): QD for propellants, page
• Table 5–24 (PAGE 2): QD for propellants—Continued, page
• Table 5–24 (PAGE 3): QD for propellants—Continued, page
• Table 5–25: Hazard group IV separation distances, page
• Table 5–26: Chamber separation, page
• Table 5–27: Distance to protect against ground shock, page
• Table 5–28: Distance to protect against hard rock debris, page
• Table 5–29: Distance to protect against soft rock debris, page
• Table 5–30: Functions of loading density, page
• Table 5–31: Values for Ratio D HYD/VE 1/2.8, page
• Table 5–32: Scaled IBD for airblast without mitigating, page
• Table 5–33: Distance versus overpressure along the centerline, page
• Table 5–34: Effective overpressure at the opening, page
• Table 5–35: Allowable overpressure at IBD, page
• Table 5–36: IBD distances to protect against airblast, page
• Table 6–1: Grounding system inspection and test requirements, page
• Table 6–2: Ground rod quantity requirements, page
• Table 6–3: Minimum safe distance from transmitter antennas, page
• Table 6–4 (PAGE 1): Safe separation distance equations, page
• Table 6–4 (PAGE 2): Safe separation distance equations, page
• Table 8–1: Intermagazine separation for barricaded storage modules for mass detonating explosives, page
• Table 11–1: Mixed class/division for QD computations, page
• Table 11–2 (PAGE 1): Quantity-distance separations for pier and wharf facilities, page
• Table 11–2 (PAGE 2): Quantity-distance separations for pier and wharf facilities--Continued, page
• Table 11–3: Variation of MPS QD factors with loadout, page
• Table 12–1: Lightning protection systems, page
• Table 14–1: Quantity-distance table for basic load ammunition holding areas, page
• Table 14–1A: Quantity-distance for armored vehicles, page
• Table 14–2: Minimum Quantity-Distance for hardened aircraft shelters (HAS) for propagation prevention, page
• Table 14–3: Minimum Quantity Distance for Hardened Aircraft Shelters for Asset Preservation, page
• site 1,2, page Table 14–3A: Quantity-distance from a U.S. third-generation hardened aircraft shelter PES to an unhardened exposed
• Table 14–4: Quantity-distance for assets preservation at airfields, page
• Table 15–1: Wartime compatibility chart, page
• Table 15–2: Q-D for field storage and handling areas., page
• Table 16–1: Turning of commercial dynamite, page
• Table B–1: Test probe C and P distances, page
• Table F–1: Safe conveyor spacing, page
• Table I–1A: Hazard subdivision 1.2.1 QD for munitions with NEWQD > 1.60 pounds, page
• hazard, page Table I–1B: Minimum fragment distances for HD 1.2.1 items stored in structures, which can contribute to the debris
• Table I–2: Hazard subdivision 1.2.2 Quantity-Distances (IBD, PTR, and ILD) for munitions with NEWQD ≤ 1.
• pounds, page
• in feet), page Table I–3: Summary of hazard subdivisions 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3 quantity-distances (NOTE: all distances shown are
• Table I–4: Hazard subdivision 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3 mixing rules, page
• Table J–1: Army Explosives Safety Courses, page Contents—Continued
• Figure 2–1 (PAGE 1): Risk management, page Figure List
• Figure 2–1 (PAGE 2): Risk management, page
• Figure 3–1: Fire symbol 1 — mass detonation, page
• Figure 3–2: Fire symbol 2 — explosion with fragments, page
• Figure 3–3: Fire symbol 3 — mass fire, page
• Figure 3–4: Fire symbol 4 — moderate fire, page
• Figure 3–5: Chemical hazard symbol 1, page
• Figure 3–6: Chemical hazard symbol 2, page
• Figure 3–7: Chemical hazard symbol 3, page
• Figure 5–1: Impulse noise zones for various B-durations and peak sound pressures, page
• Figure 5–2: Impulse noise zones from intentional detonations, page
• Figure 5–3: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–4: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–5: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–6: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–7: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–8: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–9: Intermagazine hazard factors, page
• Figure 5–10: Typical Underground Facilities, page
• Figure 5–11: Constant Pressure Contour, page
• Figure 5–12: Debris Dispersal Functions, page
• Figure 6–1: Typical Ground Rod Installation, page
• Figure 6–2: Typical multiple ground rod installation, page
• Figure 6–3: Typical ground loop installation, page
• Figure 6–4: U.S. Navy designed earth electrode subsystem, page
• Figure 6–5: Typical grid installation, page
• Figure 6–6: Typical radial installation, page
• Figure 6–7: Typical buried plates or cones installation, page
• Figure 8–1: Typical 8–cell module, page
• Figure 8–2: Determination of barricade height, page
• Figure 8–3: Determination of barrricade length, page
• Figure 8–4: Barricade locations, page
• Figure 14–1: Hardened aircraft shelter an as exposed site, page
• Figure 14–2: Hardened aircraft shelter as a PES, page
• Figure 14–3: Igloo Q-D angles, page
• Figure B–1: Measurement of soil resistivity, page
• Figure B–2: Resistivity determination of a small site, page
• Figure B–3: Fall of potential method for measuring the resistance of earth electrodes, page
• Figure B–4: Fall of potential resistance to earth test, page
• Figure D–1: Testing lightning protection system, page
• Figure H–1: Zone of protection test, page
• Figure H–2: Zone of protection for integral systems, page
• Figure H–3: Illustrated zone of protection, page
• Figure H–4: Zone of protection geometric concept, page
• Figure H–5: Adequate protection not penetrating earth cover, page
• Figure H–6: Adequate protection penetrating earth cover, page
• Figure H–7: Inadequate protection penetrating earth cover, page
• x DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December Index

2 – 2. Personnel qualifications

Personnel working with explosives will be trained in the tasks to be performed. They must understand the hazards, standards, procedures, and precautions that apply to their work.

2 – 3. Use of written standards

Written standards must be developed and used for each explosives operation. These standards may be based on standards found in Army publications such as regulations or technical manuals, or in higher headquarters standard publications.

a. SOPs for all explosives operations ensure workers have the information necessary to perform their tasks safely. Each worker will read the SOP or have the SOP read aloud before starting the operation. SOPs must be readily available at the work site. Applicable parts of the SOP will be clearly posted at all workstations in the operation, such as bays within a building. When posting within the work site is not practical, the SOP will be posted at the entrance to the site.

b. All SOPs for explosives operations will identify potentially hazardous items or conditions. Explosives workers observing hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions will notify their supervisor immediately. Supervisors will correct the operations or practices which, if allowed to continue, could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm to personnel or major system damage, or endanger the installation’s capacity to accomplish its mission.

c. Procedures will be written in English and in the language workers understand if they do not understand English. d. Written procedures are not required for explosives ordnance disposal (EOD) emergency operations in connection with an approved render-safe procedure.

2 – 4. Personnel and explosives limits

Operations must be conducted in a manner which exposes the minimum number of people to the smallest quantity of explosives for the shortest period of time consistent with conducting the operation. Examples are as follows:

a. Tasks not necessary to the operation will be prohibited within the immediate area of the hazard produced by the operation.

b. Personnel limits must be clearly posted for each operation and must not be exceeded during the operation. Limits for explosives operations will be included in the SOP.

c. Where concurrent operations must be performed in a single building, the layout will be planned to protect from blast overpressure and to provide separation of dissimilar explosives hazards by using substantial dividing walls, barricades, or other means to ensure maximum personnel protection.

d. Personnel not needed for the operation will be prohibited from visiting. This does not prohibit official visits by safety, quality control (QC), management, or inspection personnel, up to established personnel limits.

e. Each worker will ensure explosives limits for the work area are not exceeded. Limits will be expressed in total net explosive weight (NEW), number of units, or the number of trays, boxes, pallets, or other units which are more easily controlled.

f. Explosives limits will be based on the minimum quantity of explosives sufficient for the operation. Limits will not exceed the quantity used during half a work shift, and will be consistent with quantity-distance (Q-D) separation criteria.

g. The maximum amount of explosives of each hazard division (HD) allowed will be clearly posted in each room, cubicle, magazine, or building used for storing explosives. For operating locations, post the explosives limits for the operation being conducted. Material limits need only be posted in storage magazines if the limit is not the same as that for other magazines in the block or if the limit would not be readily apparent due to some unusual circumstances.

2 – 5. Handling and movement precautions

Munitions and/or explosives will be handled only by trained personnel who understand the hazards and risks involved in the operation. Supervisors will be trained to recognize and abate hazards associated with their operations.

a. Detonators, initiators, squibs, blasting caps (electrical and nonelectrical), and other initiating devices will be

2 DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December 1999

carried in protective containers. The containers must prevent item-to-item contact and be marked to identify the contents.

b. Bale hooks will not be used to handle explosives. c. Nails may be used to secure covers or repair explosives containers only if there is no hazard to the explosive item or of penetrating protective coverings.

d. Nails and other packing materials will comply with technical packing orders, military specifications, or Depart- ment of Transportation (DOT) specifications applicable to the item.

e. Munitions will not be tumbled, dragged, dropped, thrown, rolled, or walked. Containers designed with skids may be pushed or pulled for positioning, unless otherwise marked on the container.

f. Conveyors, chutes, hand trucks, and forklifts may be used in atmospheres and locations where they will not create hazards.

g. Sectionalized roller conveyors moving munitions or explosives will be supported and the sections interlocked or secured. Boxes of explosives will not be used to support conveyors.

h. Safety handtools will be constructed of wood or other nonsparking or spark-resistant materials such as bronze which, under normal conditions of use, will not produce sparks. Only properly maintained safety handtools will be used for locations having hazardous concentrations of flammable dusts, gases, vapors, or exposed explosives.

(1) Handtools or other implements used near hazardous materials must be handled carefully and kept clean. All tools will be checked for damage at the start and on completion of work.

(2) If it is necessary to use ferrous metal handtools because of their strength, the immediate area should be free from exposed explosives and other highly combustible materials except in specific operations approved by the installation safety officer.

(3) Safety handtools containing copper or zinc, such as brass or bronze, will not be used in proximity to lead azide or residuals from the treatment of lead azide.

2 – 6. Housekeeping

Ammunition storage, handling, and operating facilities and areas will be maintained free of debris and rubbish and accumulation of oily rags or other material subject to spontaneous ignition.

a. Waste materials. (1) Waste materials, such as oily rags, hazardous materials, such as explosives scrap, and wood, paper, and combustible packing materials, will not be mixed. Each of these categories of waste will be carefully controlled and placed in separate approved, properly marked containers. The containers will be placed outside the facilities, except for containers required at the work location during operations. Working location containers will be emptied, as needed but at least once each shift.

(2) Containers for explosive waste will have covers, preferably self-closing. Explosives hazardous waste includes scrap powder, initiating or sensitive explosives, sweepings from open explosive areas, and rags contaminated with these explosives.

(a) Receptacles should have enough liquid, normally water or oil, to cover the scraps or rags if this does not add to the hazard.

(b) No. 10 mineral oil is useful for covering white phosphorous (WP), pyrotechnic, tracer, flare, and similar mixtures. If water is used to cover such materials, scrap should be put in so it is immediately immersed to reduce any production of dangerous gases.

(3) Hazardous waste material will be removed from operating buildings to the disposal area (or an isolated, temporary collection point) at frequent intervals and before leaving at the end of the duty day or shift. When isolated collection points are used, time and quantity limits, which comply with environmental regulations, will be set up to ensure timely movement of the material to the disposal area. Hazardous material should not be “stored” in the disposal area but disposed of as soon as possible after arrival.

(4) Hazardous wastes will be disposed of in authorized facilities. A SOP will cover disposal operations. The

DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December 1999 3

2 – 9. Field safety Using units must keep ammunition and explosives properly packed to the maximum extent possible. This practice is critical to safety and quality. a. Ammunition and explosives must remain packed until immediately prior to use. Unpack only the quantity expected to be immediately fired. Save all packing material until exercise is complete for possible use in repack. b. Properly repack ammunition before transporting on motor vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft. c. It is especially important to replace safety devices before repacking; for example, shorting clips on 2.75–inch rockets, electrical shunts on Hoffman devices, and pads protecting primers on gun and mortar ammunition. d. Ammunition which has misfired or has been classified as unserviceable must be indelibly marked and segregated from serviceable ammunition.

2 – 10. Accident reporting Ammunition and explosives accidents shall be reported and investigated in accordance with AR 385–40. Malfunctions must be reported in accordance with AR 75–1.

2 – 11. Rod and gun clubs Each club that handloads ammunition on Army property must operate according to written explosives safety standards. A qualified member will be designated to ensure explosives safety criteria are developed and enforced. a. Retail stores. Where only retail sales are made, paragraph 5–1b of this pamphlet will apply. (1) As determined by the installation commander, compliance with Q-D standards will not be required for reasona- ble quantities of small arms ammunition, such as 100 pounds of propellant, and 25,000 primers packed in their shipping containers. (2) HD 1.3 propellant will not be placed in other containers if it would result in extreme confinement if ignited. (3) When complying with (1) and (2) above, an exception to Q-D and fire symbol requirements for HD 1.1 primers will apply. Fire symbol 3 may be used to designate the presence of propellant and primers. The symbol need not be changed during temporary periods when the propellant has been sold out, but primers are still in stock. b. Handloading. Handloading operations will be done in a room or building solely used for this purpose. The safety requirements outlined above for a retail store apply, as well as the following: (1) A written procedure approved by the installation safety office will be developed and posted. (2) Only authorized personnel, trained in using handloading equipment and knowledgeable about safety provisions and hazards involved, will be allowed loading privileges. Reloaders will wear safety goggles or face shields. Trainees must be strictly supervised. (3) Smoking, matches, or flame-producing devices will not be allowed in any loading or storage location. (4) No more than 10 pounds of propellants; 10,000 primers, and 5,000 assembled rounds will be allowed in the handloading room at one time. (5) Storage lockers will be provided for the explosives. Only quantities required to sustain a continuous operation will be transferred to the loading point. Only one packing tray at a time will be removed from primer storage. Unused components will be repacked in their original containers and returned to the storage locker at the end of each loading operation. Lockers will be locked when not in use. (6) Floors and walls must be free of cracks that could accumulate explosives dust and foreign materials. Good housekeeping practices will be observed at all times. (7) In case of a spill, all operations will stop until the explosives are cleaned up. Place all salvaged propellant in a metal container with water. All damaged components, or damaged complete rounds will be placed in a separate, properly marked container. Salvaged propellant, damaged rounds or components, and empty explosives containers will be disposed of by qualified personnel. (8) Only commercial-type loading tools, dies, scales, powder measures, and other equipment will be used during handloading operations. (9) Bullet molding will be done outside the handloading room.

2 – 12. Public demonstrations, exhibitions, and celebrations a. Participation of Army personnel (military of civilian) in pubic demonstrations, exhibitions, and celebrations involving the use of military or commercial explosives and pyrotechnics is not advisable, except in rare instances. b. Requests for participation of Army personnel in such demonstrations, exhibitions, an celebrations, either in an official or semiofficial capacity, will be discouraged. In the event such official participation is considered advisable, detailed plans for demonstrations, exhibitions, or celebrations involving Army personnel, activities, equipment, or materials will be submitted through safety channel to the MACOM commander for approval. c. Commercial fireworks used in holiday celebrations on the installation will be transported, set up, and fired on the same day only by commercial firms or licensed pyrotechnic technicians in accordance with local laws and NFPA

DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December 1999 5

Standard 1123. Commercial fireworks confiscated or found on an installation will be placed in isolated storage until qualified EOD personnel destroy them.

2 – 13. Static or public display Live explosives items will not be used for display or loaded, or installed on display vehicles or aircraft. Explosives items will not be rendered inert for this purpose unless authorized by the specific item manager or the system program office. a. Live or expended ammunition must be removed from vehicle or aircraft gun system, if feasible. If not feasible, gun systems must be rendered mechanically and electrically safe before the aircraft or vehicle is placed on display. b. Operational vehicles and aircraft may be displayed without removing explosives components from egress or life support systems. Appropriate safety precautions in accordance with technical manuals will be taken, and visitors will not be allowed near actuating controls. c. When feasible, ejection cartridges will be removed from external release systems. If not, ensure that safety pins or devices cannot be easily removed and firing circuits are isolated (for example, circuit breakers pulled). d. Procedures for static display of vehicles and aircraft are contained in specific vehicle or aircraft technical manuals.

2 – 14. Explosives training aids for military working dogs The use of explosives training aids for training military working dogs is addressed in paragraph 5–14 and AR 190– 12 and DA Pam 190–12.

2 – 15. Hunting Written permits authorizing hunting within an explosives area may be issued by the installation commander if hunting conditions can be controlled to ensure life and property are not endangered. a. Hunting will not be allowed in surety “limited” storage and operating areas. b. Where hunting is allowed, maps will clearly define the “hunting” and “no hunting” areas. Each hunter must be thoroughly briefed on the respective areas and local arrangements. c. All hunting will conform to applicable State, Federal, or host nation regulations. d. Hunting in dedicated impact areas (real property contaminated with explosives and ammunition) is not authorized.

6 DA PAM 385– 64 • 15 December 1999