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AMRT Study Guide Exam with
complete solution 2026
Biology - ANSWERS-The study of living things Microbiology - ANSWERS-The study of small biological things Mycology - ANSWERS-The study of mold Bacteriology - ANSWERS-The study of bacteria Virology - ANSWERS-The study of viruses Myco- - ANSWERS-mold, fungus Bioaerosols - ANSWERS-Airborne particles that are living or originate from living organisms (ex. skin cells) Viable - ANSWERS-Capable of germination, alive Non-viable - ANSWERS-Not growing, dead Respirable - ANSWERS-Able to be deeply inhaled Microbial - ANSWERS-Microorganism Pathogenic - ANSWERS-Disease causing organisms Fungal amplification - ANSWERS-Mold growth Fungal colonization - ANSWERS-Mold growth Active growth - ANSWERS-Sufficient water present for growth Dormant - ANSWERS-Lack of water. dormant
Microbe - ANSWERS-Small life form, microscopical 3 groups of fungi or molds - ANSWERS--Micro fungi or filamentous fungi -yeasts -macro fungi or wood decay fungi (Woodrow, mushrooms) Spores or conidia - ANSWERS-Means of fungal reproduction (seeds) Hyphae - ANSWERS-Thread-like growth structure for fungi- similar to a root of branch of a tree. they produce enzymes to digest substrate Mycelia - ANSWERS-A whole group of fungal hyphae Vegetative growth of fungal fragments - ANSWERS-Fungal hyphae and/or mycelia without spore producing structures Size of Penicillium and Aspergillus spores - ANSWERS-2-3 um (microns) Most common size of mold spores related to water damage - ANSWERS-2-20 um (microns) Mycotoxins - ANSWERS-Poisonous substances produced by some fungi. also known as fungal toxins Spores can germinate within ______ hours - ANSWERS-12-24 hours Mold spores can colonize within ______ hours under ideal laboratory conditions - ANSWERS-48-72 hours Viable or non viable spores may be _____ - ANSWERS-Allergenic or contain mycotoxins Thick walled spores - ANSWERS-Spores that can survive harsh environment. they are the most durable part and are very difficult to "kill" Hydro- - ANSWERS-Water -phobic - ANSWERS-Avoiding -philic - ANSWERS-Loving Meso- - ANSWERS-Middle Xero- - ANSWERS-Low
Thermophilic fungi - ANSWERS-Type of fungi that like higher temperatures Xerophilic Fungi - ANSWERS-Type of fungi that grows with little water or moisture. penicillium and aspergillus species What conditions do the specific fungi Cladospirium and Aureobasidium prefer to grow in? - ANSWERS-Condensate conditions What conditions do the specific fungi Penicillium and Aspergillus prefer to grow in? - ANSWERS-Damp conditions What conditions do the specific fungi Stachybotrys, Trichoderm, Rhizopus, and Fusarium prefer to grow in? - ANSWERS-Very wet conditions What conditions do the specific fungi Graphium, Orphiostoma, Ceratcystis, and Gliomastixprefer prefer to grow in? - ANSWERS-Lumberyard conditions What conditions do the specific fungi Basidiospores, Poria Incrassate, and Serpula lacrymans prefer to grow in? - ANSWERS-Wood rot conditions Shall - ANSWERS-REQUIRED. Mandatory (regulatory requirements) or natural law, expressed by the S500 and S Should - ANSWERS-REQUIRED. Component of the "standard or care" what a qualified, competent and prudent contractor would do, expressed by the S and S Recommended - ANSWERS-NOT REQUIRED. Is advised or suggested, expressed by the S500 and S May - ANSWERS-NOT REQUIRED. Permission expressed by the S500 and S Can - ANSWERS-NOT REQUIRED. Possibility open to the user, expressed by the S500 and S Standard of care - ANSWERS-IICRC S500/S Toxigenic chemical compound found in the cell walls of spores and hyphae, can be carcinogenic, ex. Aflatoxins - ANSWERS-Mycotoxins Fungi known to produce mycotoxins - ANSWERS-Aspergillus flavus- Aflotoxins (peanuts & spoiled food) Stachybotrys chartarum
MVOC - ANSWERS-Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds Musty, earthy, moldy smells come from - ANSWERS-Metabolic gases released by actively growing microorganisms (the gas waste of the fungi). If smell persists after remediation then mold is not gone Microbial- - ANSWERS-Bacteria + mold Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) - ANSWERS-Toxigenic, hydrophilic fungi known to produce mycotoxins. takes 7-12 days to grow Macro fungi/ wood decay fungi - ANSWERS-Destroys wood, causing structural integrity concerns of a building. generally not considered health concern. Aspergillosis - ANSWERS-Infectious disease of the lung of immune compromised individuals. this fungal infection caused by aspergillus fumigatus Histoplasmosis (Historplasma capsulatum) - ANSWERS-Infection of the brain and lung associated with bird, pigeon, and bat droppings Cryptococcus neoformans (Yeast) - Cryptococcusis - ANSWERS-Infection of the brain, lesions, and lung infections. associated with bird, pigeon, and bat droppings (dry). can affect healthy people Shortness of breath, coughing, runny nose, and headaches are all common symptoms of _____ - ANSWERS-Mold exposure A chronic condition in children that is associated with extended mold exposure - ANSWERS-Asthma General health effect of fungi depends on ___ and the individual's ___ - ANSWERS- Exposure and immune response (sensitivity) The 3 most susceptible groups of people to infections are? - ANSWERS-Infants and young children, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly Bacteria range in size - ANSWERS-0.4-10 um (microns) Gram stain (dye) - ANSWERS-Bacteria dye developed by Dr. Gram to differentiate bacteria Gram-positive bacteria - ANSWERS-Bacteria that absorbed Gram stain, associated with humans and found in indoor environments. -do not produce endotoxins
ex. metal, cast iron, glass Limitations - ANSWERS-Restrictions placed upon the remediator that result in a limit on the scope of work Complexities - ANSWERS-Cause the project to become more difficult or detailed then initially thought, but the work can still be performed adequately Complications - ANSWERS-Arise after the start of work. cause the project to become more intricate, complex, or perplexing and generally necessitate a change in the scope of work Conflicts - ANSWERS-Limitations, complexities, and complications that result in a disagreement between the parties Micron (um) - ANSWERS-One millionth of a meter Size of mold spores commonly found in water damage - ANSWERS-2-20 um (microns) Sewage backflow - ANSWERS-Water from beyond the P-trap Size that spores become respirable - ANSWERS-<5 um (microns) Respirable - ANSWERS-Can be inhaled deeply into the lungs Source containment - ANSWERS-Containment used for small or minimal areas of microbial growth. Goes directly to the source Local (mini) containments - ANSWERS-Containment used for moderate mold growth. structural enclosure is built with a layer of poly sheeting and is negatively pressurized Full containment - ANSWERS-Containment used for extensive amounts of mold growth. A system of critical barriers and negative pressurization to contain dust and spores within the work area Moisture sensors - ANSWERS--Only for carpet or ceiling tile -No scale -Only audible signal Moisture meter - ANSWERS-Uses the Moisture Content (MC) scale and Relative scale to measure how much moisture is in a material Moisture content (MC) scale is only for ___ - ANSWERS-Wood Wood is dry below ___% MC - ANSWERS-15-17% MC
Mold growth on wood begins above ___% MC - ANSWERS-17% MC Wood root on begins above ___% MC - ANSWERS-20% MC NAM - ANSWERS-Negative Air Machine ERH - ANSWERS-Equilibrium Relative Humidity The relative humidity at the surface of a material at equilibrium with its surrounding environment - ANSWERS-Equilibrium Relative Humidity (ERH) Water activity (aw) - ANSWERS-Measurement of how much water is available for use for microbial growth Water activity is similar to ___ - ANSWERS-Equilibrium relative humidity Some causes of odors in Wet buildings or contents are ___ - ANSWERS-Chemicals released by wet materials, mold, bacteria, urine, particle board, etc. Misting - ANSWERS-Suspending small water droplets into the air to attach to dust particulates and help reduce airborne particulates Spraying water on surfaces with existing mold growth may ___ - ANSWERS-Release fungal spores into the air Color of fungus may change depending on ___ - ANSWERS-Organism growing, the nutrient source present, and the growth phase What type of containment sheeting is required for mold remediation? - ANSWERS-4 or 6-mil medium slip polyethylene sheeting the IICRC S520 requires fire-retardant poly with a flame spread rating of ___ - ANSWERS-25 or less (better) Exfiltration - ANSWERS-A positive pressure exists when more air is supplied to a space than is exhausted. due to the higher pressure, air will escape from the structure Infiltration - ANSWERS-A negative pressure exists when more air is exhausted from a space than is supplied. Due to the lower pressure it will entrain air from outside the work area The recommended minimum negative pressure differential for a containment area is ___ or ___ - ANSWERS-0.02 inches of water (w.g.) 5 Pascal (Pa)
What direction do you clean when doing a deep clean of work area? - ANSWERS-From top of containment towards the bottom, and toward NAM's/decon units HEPA vacuuming and damp wiping in the morning may be useful to ___ - ANSWERS- Remove settled spores from floor and surfaces Microfiber cleaning cloth - ANSWERS-Cleaning cloths that have millions of wedge- shaped cross sections that remove and trap the dirt Containment exit protocol - ANSWERS-Remember SuGaR -Suit -Gloves -Respirator What are 3 things that must be done before moving contents from moldy to cleaner area? - ANSWERS--Separate affected from unaffected items -Inventory contents -Photo document placement and condition What should cleaned contents be stored in? - ANSWERS-Clean, designated and controlled environments ex. clean and movable containers Creating a written inventory of contents should consist of these 5 things - ANSWERS-- Item description -Quantity -Condition -Location in structure -Inventory control number Items being cleaned should not have an assigned ___ - ANSWERS-Value OSHA's General Duty Clause requires employers to provide a safe workplace ___ - ANSWERS-Free of recognized hazard and not likely to cause death or physical harm JSA or JHA - ANSWERS-Job Safety/Hazard Analysis What is the primary route of exposure with mold remediation? - ANSWERS-Inhalation of spores and fungal fragments What is the primary route of exposure with sewage remediation? - ANSWERS-Ingestion Donning PPE - ANSWERS-Putting gear on Doffing PPE - ANSWERS-Taking gear off
When are respirator cartridges disposed of? - ANSWERS-At the end of their life cycle When are disposable items, such as protective clothing removed and replaced? - ANSWERS-Each time leaving or re-entering containment Respirators are rated according to their ___ - ANSWERS-Protective Factor The ___ the Respirator's protection factor, the greater the protection provided - ANSWERS-Higher APR - ANSWERS-Air Purifying Respirator PAPR - ANSWERS-Powered Air Purifying Respirator SCBA - ANSWERS-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus APR and PAPR can not protect from what? - ANSWERS-Oxygen Defiency When are respiratory fit tests performed? - ANSWERS-When the respirator is issued to the employee or individual Respiratory Fit Testing - ANSWERS-The process of evaluating, testing, and assuring that the selected respirator is properly fitting and sealing at your face Qualitative Fit Test - ANSWERS-Blowing an irritant smome around the outside of the face mask to assure the proper fit and seal Quantitative Fit Test - ANSWERS-Using an instrument that measures the particle concentration outside the face mask and inside the face mask. The reduction factor is calculated from the two results How do you perform a Negative Seal Check of your respirator? - ANSWERS-Cover cartridges, inhale and check for leaks How do you perform a Positive Seal Check of your respirator? - ANSWERS-Cover front valve, exhale and check for leaks Asbestos is regulated on what 4 levels? - ANSWERS-Federal, State, Municipalities, and the Air Quality Control District Asbestos - ANSWERS-A fire protection building material that causes lung and stomach cancer Lead-Based Paint is regulated on what 2 levels? - ANSWERS-Federal and State
This test is performed once the remediation work is complete, also referred to as "clearance testing" - ANSWERS-Post Remediation Verification (PRV) Testing Visual inspection by contractor to assure work site is ready for testing should be performed before what? - ANSWERS-Post Remediation Verification (PRV) Testing Air sampling analysis evaluate these 3 microbial criteria's - ANSWERS--Total spore count indoor vs. outdoors -Type of mold spores inside vs. outdoors -Presence of indicator organisms FIFRA - ANSWERS-Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (Pest Control) Biocide or Germicide - ANSWERS-Chemical agents that kill microorganisms -cide - ANSWERS-Killing Chemicals or physical agents designed to kill or inactivate one or more groups of microorganisms - ANSWERS-Antimicrobial Biocide -stat - ANSWERS-To suppress or retard the microbial growth Chemicicals designed to prevent, suppress or retard bacteria (microbial growth) - ANSWERS-Antimicrobial Biostat Contact time of biocides on building materials ranges between ___ and ___ minutes - ANSWERS-10 and 30 minutes Biocides require these 3 things to be effective - ANSWERS--Contact/dwell time -Concentration level -Right pH Efficacy testing of what agent is done on previously cleaned, non-porous surfaces? - ANSWERS-Biocides Due to showing very little effect on mold contaminated building materials and its toxicity to humans, ___ is not recommended in microbial remediation projects - ANSWERS- Ozone This strong oxidizing agent corrodes metals and bleaches fabrics - ANSWERS-Sodium hypochlorite/Chlorine Bleach This agent is a broadband biocide and deodorizer, less corrosive than bleach, and only compound EPA/DIN registered for use inside ductwork - ANSWERS-Chlorine Dioxide
These food grade products have low toxicity, use natural ingredients such as thyme oil, and may have a strong smell - ANSWERS-Botanicals This low toxicity agent breaks down into water and oxygen - ANSWERS-Hydrogen Peroxide Most common pathogens are what kind of bacteria? - ANSWERS-Gram-negative bacteria Serious health threats may exist in sewage backflows and therefore ___ are applied as an engineering - ANSWERS-Biocides What is the goal with sewage remediation - ANSWERS-To achieve sanitary conditions What are the 3 primary bio-hazards associated with sewage backflows? - ANSWERS- Bacteria, Viruses, and Parasites Most biocides are inactivated by ___; therefore, pre-cleaning should be performed and completed prior to the application of the biocide - ANSWERS-Organic matter Where should recovered sewage effluent and rinse water should be discharged into? - ANSWERS-The sanitary system What is used as an indicator organism in sewage backflows? - ANSWERS-Escherichia coli (E-coli) The most common laboratory analysis test for a sewage clearance is the presences/absence of ___ and ___ - ANSWERS-Coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E-coli) HVAC - ANSWERS-Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning In residential buildings, the HVAC system is referred to as the ___ - ANSWERS-Forced Air System The 3 sections of the HVAC system most frequently affected by microbial growth are? - ANSWERS-Fan Chamber, Cooling Coils, and Downstream of Cooling Coils NADCA - ANSWERS-National Air Duct Cleaning Association HVAC cleaning should be conducted following what standard? - ANSWERS-NADCA ACR 2013 Standard HVAC systems without an AC system usually have ___ microbial problems - ANSWERS-Fewer
