Analytical Chemist Subject, Exercises of Analytical Chemistry

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Engineering Ethics: The Basics

Arthur E. Schwartz, CAE Deputy Executive Director & General Counsel National Society of Professional Engineers Alexandria, Virginia [email protected]

 “Among the universal ethical values are

honesty, integrity, promise-keeping, fidelity,

fairness, respect for others, responsible

citizenship, pursuit of excellence and

accountability.”

• Michael Josephson

 Professional Maturity  Learning to Be Comfortable with Ambiguity  More than One Answer to the Same Question  Sometimes One Answer is Not Entirely Correct

 Emotional Intelligence

• Self-awareness (e.g., handling stress)
• Self-regulation (e.g., the words you use)
• Empathy (e.g., feeling other’s pain)
• Social Skills (verbal, non-verbal skills)

 “Competent Performer” – Does not try to account for all discrete elements of the task environment; instead, he or she selects a plan, goal or perspective to establish which elements are relevant and which may be safely ignored;  “Proficient Performer” – No longer reflects on the task environment as a detached observer; without having to evaluate multiple options, he or she simply sees what needs to be done and then chooses how to go about doing it.

 “Expert” – Intuitively perceives both what

needs to be done and how to do it, making

extremely subtle and refined discriminations

in a variety of task environments that are

sufficiently similar to those previously

encountered.

 Confucianism …”What you yourself do not

want, do not do to another person…”

 Islam …”None of you is a believer as long as

he does not wish his brother what he wishes

himself…”

 Buddhism ….”A state which is not pleasant

or enjoyable for me, will also not be so for

him, and how can I impose on another a state

which is not pleasant or enjoyable to me…”

 Hinduism …”One should not behave towards others in a way which is unpleasant for oneself: that is the essence of morality…”  Jainism …”Human beings should be indifferent to worldly things and treat all creatures in the world as they would want to be treated themselves…”  Christianity …”Whatever you want people to do to you, do also to them…”  Judaism …”Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you…”

 Why Study Engineering Ethics?

• To Understand the Standards Governing What is Acceptable Behavior in the Practice of Engineering

 Why Practice Engineering Ethically?

• Personal Injury/Property Damage
• Disciplinary Action
• Impact on Reputation, Employer, Clients, Profession
• Possible Loss of Job, Business, etc.

 “All products of technology present some

potential dangers, and thus engineering is an

inherently risky activity…Engineering should be

viewed as an experimental process. It is not, of

course, an experiment conducted solely in a

laboratory under controlled conditions. Rather,

it is an experiment on a social scale involving

human subjects”

• Martin and Schinziger, Ethics in Engineering

 Professional Codes of Ethics

• A code of professional ethics results when a field organizes itself into a profession. The resulting code is central to advising those professionals how to conduct themselves, to judge their conduct and to understand the profession.
• Engineering Professional and Technical Societies
  • NSPE, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, AIChE, etc.

 Hierarchy of Ethical Obligations

 Primary: Ethical Obligations to the

Public

 Secondary: Ethical Obligations to

Employer or Client

 Tertiary: Ethical Obligations to Other

Professionals and Other Parties

 Seven Principles Impacting Each

Obligation

1. Protecting The Public Health, Safety and Welfare
2. Demonstrating Professional Competence
3. Maintaining Objectivity/Truthfulness
4. Addressing Conflict of Interest
5. Preserving Confidentiality
6. Receiving and Providing Valuable Consideration
7. Emerging Areas/Emerging Challenges

1. Protecting The Public Health, Safety and Welfare
   • Conformance with Applicable Standards
   • Approval/Signing and Sealing of Engineering Drawings
   • Responsible Charge/Responsible Control
   • Judgment Overruled
   • Awareness of Safety Violations
   • Awareness of Illegal Practice