Download Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Key Terms and Concepts and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Diaphysis - CORRECT ANSWER -The shaft or central part of a long bone
Epiphysis - CORRECT ANSWER -Rounded End of Long Bone at its Joint
Articular Cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER -Smooth white tissue that covers the end of bones when they form joints
Epiphyseal Plate/Line - CORRECT ANSWER -A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone
Medullary Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER -Central Cavity of the bone shaft where bone marrow is stored
Compact Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -( Hard outer part) Compact portion of bone that consists largely of concentric lamellar osteons
Spongy Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -A network of irregular shaped sheets and spikes of bone found under the compact bone
Trabeculae - CORRECT ANSWER -The spongy spiky open-work that makes up spongy bone
Tuberosity (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Large Rounded Projection; may be roughened
Crest (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Narrow Ridge of Bone, Usually Prominent
Trochanter (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Very Large, blunt, irregularly Shaped Process
Tubercle (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Small Rounded Projection or Process
Epicondyle (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Raised area on or above a condyle
Spine (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Sharp, Slender, often pointed Projection
Process (muscle/lig attatchment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Any Bony Prominence
Head (help to form joints) - CORRECT ANSWER -Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Facet (help to form joints) - CORRECT ANSWER -Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Condyle (help to form joints) - CORRECT ANSWER -Rounded articular projection
Ramus (help to form joints) - CORRECT ANSWER -Arm-like bar of bone
Fossa (allow for muscle attachment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Shallow basinlike depression
Groove (allow for muscle attachment) - CORRECT ANSWER -Furrow
Meatus (passage for nerve/vessels) - CORRECT ANSWER -Canal like passage way
Foramen (passage for nerve/vessels) - CORRECT ANSWER -Round or oval opening through a bone
Osteon - CORRECT ANSWER -A central canal and all the concentric lamelle surrounding it
Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER -Long Cylindrical Cells that make up skeletal muscle
Endomysium - CORRECT ANSWER -Delicate areolar connective tissue sheath that encolses muscle fibers
Epimysium - CORRECT ANSWER -Binds together a large number of fasciles - a dense overcoat of connective tissue
Muscle Fascicle - CORRECT ANSWER -A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by a perimysium, a type of connective tissue
Perimysium - CORRECT ANSWER -The sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers
Tendon - CORRECT ANSWER -Strong cord-like tendons
Aponeurosis - CORRECT ANSWER -A sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes place of a tendon in sheetlike muscle having a wide area of attachment
Neuromuscular Junction - CORRECT ANSWER -The junction between an axon of a motor neuron and muscle fiber
Articular Capsule (synovial Joint structure) *** - CORRECT ANSWER -Two layers that enclose the joint cavity. Tough external layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue (D) in image
Synovial Membrane (synovial Joint structure) - CORRECT ANSWER -The membrane that encloses snynovial fluid/space
Joint Cavity (synovial Joint structure) - CORRECT ANSWER -A space between the articulating bones. The cavity is filled with synovial fluid
Bursae (synovial Joint structure) - CORRECT ANSWER -Sac filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction where tendons cross bone
Ligaments (synovial Joint structure) - CORRECT ANSWER -A sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint
Gliding (plane) Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Non-Axial: Gliding Ex: Intertarsals, Intercarpals (wrist and ankle)
Hinge Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Uniaxial: Flexion and Extension ex: Elbow, Knee
Pivot Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Uniaxial: Rotation Ex: Proximal Radioulnar (forarm)
Condylar Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Biaxial: Flexion , extension and adduction, abduction ex: knuckle joints
Saddle Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Biaxial: Flexion, extension and adduction and abduction ex: thumb joint
Ball-and-Socket-Joints - CORRECT ANSWER -Multi-axial: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation ex: Shoulder and Hips
Flexion/Extension
(Articular Movements) - CORRECT ANSWER -Elbow
Knee
Phalangeal Joints
Shoulder
Coxal
Wrist
Head
Abduction/Adduction
Elevation/Depression
(Articular Movements) - CORRECT ANSWER -Shrug shoulders and and open/close mouth
Lab 8 Graph. - CORRECT ANSWER -Twitch, Muscle Summation, Tetanus
Frontal Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -
Parietal Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -
Temporal Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -
Zygomatic Process - CORRECT ANSWER -
External Auditory Meatus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Internal Auditory Meatus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Styloid Process - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mastoid Process - CORRECT ANSWER -
Jugular Foramen - CORRECT ANSWER -Largest foramen in close proximity to foramen magnum (oval)
Carotid Canal - CORRECT ANSWER -Smaller opening next to juglar foramen and foramen magnum (round)
Occipital Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -Back of skull
Foramen Magnum - CORRECT ANSWER -Largest opening in skull for spine and spinal cord
Occipital condyles - CORRECT ANSWER -Next to foramen magnum
External Protuberance - CORRECT ANSWER -Bump on back of head
Hypoglossal Canal - CORRECT ANSWER -Inside foramen magnum
Sphenoid Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -Bone that wraps around into eye socket (small)
Sella turcica - CORRECT ANSWER -"saddle" appearing in front of the foramen magnum - Hold pititary gland
Greater Wings - CORRECT ANSWER -
Optic Canal - CORRECT ANSWER -Canals near the Sella Turcica and forward of the foramen magnum
Ethmoid Bone - CORRECT ANSWER -Other bone present in eye socket, found inside skull
Cribiform Plates - CORRECT ANSWER -
Crista Galli - CORRECT ANSWER -Inbetween cribiform plates
Nasal Conchae - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mandible - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mandibular ramus - CORRECT ANSWER -
Condylar (mandibular) process - CORRECT ANSWER -
Coronal Suture - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sagittal Suture - CORRECT ANSWER -
Squamous suture - CORRECT ANSWER -
lambdoidal suture - CORRECT ANSWER -
occipitomastoid suture - CORRECT ANSWER -Messy One
Bones That Make Up My Eye Socket - CORRECT ANSWER -My-Friend-Ziggy-Likes-Eating-Special-Plants
Mandible, Frontal, Zygomatic, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Palatine
Anterior Fontanel - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sphenoidal Fontanel - CORRECT ANSWER -Forward of Mastoid
Posterior Fontanel - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mastoid Fontanel - CORRECT ANSWER -Rear to sphenoidal
Epicranius - CORRECT ANSWER -Top of the head muscle
Orbicularis Oculi - CORRECT ANSWER -Closes eye
Levator Labii - CORRECT ANSWER -Opens Lips
Orbicularis Oris - CORRECT ANSWER -Closes Lips
Buccinator - CORRECT ANSWER -Compresses Cheek
Zygomaticus Major - CORRECT ANSWER -Raises lateral corners of mouth (SMILING)
Masseter - CORRECT ANSWER -Strongest muscle in body, used for chewin
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
*********************** - CORRECT ANSWER -TMJ
BI-ARTHROIDAL - Hinge Joint
(sliding and hinge action)
Opening, closing.
Protrusion, Retrusion.
Laterotrusion (side to side)
Masseter Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Zygomatic Arch
Insertion: Mandibular Ramus and Angle
Action: Opens and closes jaw
Temporalis Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Temporal Fossa
Insertion: Coronoid Process and mandibular ramus
Action: Elevates mandible
Diagastric Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: mandible and mastoid process
Insertion: Hyoid Bone
First Vertebrae (Cervical)
Superior articular facet - CORRECT ANSWER -Fit into an adjacent vertebrae to allow rotation
Transverse Foramen - CORRECT ANSWER -In the upper six vertebrae, allows the transmission of vertebral vessels.
Axis Vertebrae (C2) - CORRECT ANSWER -"No" bone
Acts as a pivot
Second Vertebrae (Cervical)
Dens is a unique Feature
Dens - CORRECT ANSWER -Pointed process on C2 meaning Dens is "the body" for C
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) - CORRECT ANSWER -Concave
Smallest lightest.
Triangular Vetebral foraemen (transverse foramen)
Looks like a mouse!
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) - CORRECT ANSWER -Convex. Superior and Inferior costal facets are unique for thoracic vertebrae. Ribs head attach to these structures
spinous process - CORRECT ANSWER -Bony projection off the posterior of each vertebrae
Superior/inferior costal facet - CORRECT ANSWER -Site where ribs form a joint with the inferior aspect of the body of a vertebrae (inferior/Superior)
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5) - CORRECT ANSWER -No transverse foramen or costal facets. Largest Vertebrae. Concave!
Sacrum (convex) - CORRECT ANSWER -Lower part of spine consisting of 5 fused vertebrae
Median sacral crest - CORRECT ANSWER -Crest existing in the center of the sacrum
Posterior sacral foramen - CORRECT ANSWER -Foramen located on either side of the sacrum
Coccyx - CORRECT ANSWER -Lowest part of the spine consisting of 4 fused vertebrae. Permits limited movement between sacrum and coccyx.
Sternum - CORRECT ANSWER -The breastbone
Manubrium - CORRECT ANSWER -Upper part of breast bone
Body of Sternum - CORRECT ANSWER -The lower part of the breast bone
Xiphoid process - CORRECT ANSWER -The cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum which is not attached to any ribs.
Jugular Notch - CORRECT ANSWER -Area towards the top of the breast bone
Sternal Angle - CORRECT ANSWER -The angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum at the manubriosternal junction.
Ribs - CORRECT ANSWER -Set of twelve bones which form a protective cage
True Ribs: Vertebrosternal (1-7) - CORRECT ANSWER -attached directly to the sternum via their own costal catilages
Intervertebral (between articular processes) - CORRECT ANSWER -Structure: Snyovial, Plane
Movement: Diarthrotic; gliding
Vertebrocostal - CORRECT ANSWER -Structure: Snyovial, Plane
Movement: Diarthrotic; gliding of ribs
External Intercostals - CORRECT ANSWER -Inhalation
Internal Intercostals - CORRECT ANSWER -Exhalation
Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER -Phrenic nerve/Inhalation
Rectus Abdominis - CORRECT ANSWER -Flexes and rotates the vertebral column
External Oblique - CORRECT ANSWER -Compresses abdominal wall; trunk rotation and lateral flexion
Internal Oblique - CORRECT ANSWER -
Transverse abdominus - CORRECT ANSWER -Compresses abdominal contents
Erector spinae group
(very important) - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Iliac crest and transverse processes of the vertebrae and the ribs
Insertion: ribs, transverse process of the vertebrae and the mastoid process
Action: Extends and bends the vertebral column laterally and extend and rotates the head
Sternocleidomastoid - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Anterior/Superior Manubrium, clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process and nuchal line
Action: Flexes and rotates the cervical spine. Protracts head and extends neck
Semispinalis capitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Transverse Process of C7-T6 and articular process of C4- C
Insertion: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Action: Bilateral action: extends and hyperextends head and neck
Unilateral actions: rotates head and neck to opposite side
Splenius capitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Origin: Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-
Insertion: Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Extends and rotates cervical spine
