Anatomy for the upper limb, Study notes of Anatomy

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Bones of Upper Limb

Bones of Upper Limb

Appendicular

Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle =

scapula,clavicle

Upperlimb

Arm: humerus

Forearm: radius, ulna



Interosseus membrane

Hand: carpals,

metacarpals, phalanges

Joints of the Upper Limb

Joints of the Upper Limb



Elbow Joint :

Synovial of

hinge



Articulations

◦ Humerus with

Ulna & Radius



Collateral

Ligaments

Joints of Upper Limb

Joints of Upper Limb



Sup.Radioulnar

joint

Synovial of pivot



Inf. Radioulnar joint

Synovial – pivot



Allows pronation

and supination of

forearm

Surface Anatomy of Upper

Surface Anatomy of Upper

Limb

Limb



Biceps + Triceps brachii



Olecrenon Process



Medial Epicondyle



Cubital Fossa

Anterior surface elbow

Contents

 Median Cubital Vein

 Brachial Artery

 Median Nerve

Boundaries

 Medial= Pronator teres

 Lateral= Brachioradialis

 Superior= Line between epicondyles

Surface

Surface

Anatomy of Anatomy of

Upper Limb

Upper Limb



Carpal Tunnel

◦ Carpals concave anteriorly

◦ Carpal ligament covers it

◦ Contains: long tendons,

Median nerve

◦ Inflammation of tendons =

compression of Median

nerve



Anatomical Snuffbox

◦ Lateral = E. pollicis brevis

◦ Medial = E. pollicis longus

◦ Floor = scaphoid, styloid

of radius

◦ Contains Radial Artery

(pulse)

Muscles of Arm:

Muscles of Arm: Cross elbow, Move

Cross elbow, Move

forearm forearm 

2 Compartments

◦ Anterior: Flexors of forearm

◦ Posterior: Extensors of forearm



Anterior Compartment

◦ Biceps brachii = MC nerve

◦ Brachialis = MC nerve

◦ Brachioradialis = Radial nerve



Coracobrachialis = MC nerve

◦ O = coracoid process of scapula

◦ I = medial side humeral shaft

◦ A = flex, adduct arm



Posterior Compartment

◦ Triceps brachii = Radial nerve

◦ Anconeus = Radial nerve

N.B. MC = musclocutaneous nerve

Muscles of forearm:

Muscles of forearm: Cross wrist

Cross wrist

& finger & finger joints, flexes hand & fingers joints, flexes hand & fingers



Cross Wrist = flex, extend, abduct, adduct hand



Cross Fingers = flex, extend fingers



Most muscles fleshy proximally, long tendons

distally



Flexor + Extensor Retinacula :

The retinaculum is a thick band of deep fascia has

bony attachment ; it keeps tendons in position during

movements

Under the retinaculum, tendons are surrounded by

synovial sheathes

Anterior Compartment of

Anterior Compartment of

Forearm s

Forearm s



Superficial Muscles

◦ Flexor digitorum superficialis Median

◦ Flexor carpi radialis Median

◦ Pronator teres Median

◦ Palmaris longusMedian

◦ Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar



Deep Muscles

◦ Pronator quadratus Median

◦ Flexor pollicis longusMedian

◦ Flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar (med 1/2)

Median (lat 1/2)

Muscle Nerve

Anterior Compartment

Anterior Compartment

Forearm

Forearm

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Retinaculum

Medial Epicondyle

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

is deep to other flexors

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Brachioradialis

Pronator Teres

Anterior View

Posterior Compartment of

Posterior Compartment of

Forearm

Forearm

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Ext Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradialis

Lateral Epicondyle

Posterior View

Muscles of Hand

Muscles of Hand

Pinky (little finger)

◦ All digiti minimi Ulnar (Flexor,

Abductor, Opponens)

Thumb

◦ Abductor pollicis brevis Median

◦ Flexor pollicis brevis Median

◦ Opponens pollicis Median

◦ Adductor pollicis Ulnar

Other Intrinsic Muscles

◦ Palmar & Dorsal InterosseiUlnar

◦ 4 Lumbricals Median, Ulnar

Muscle Nerve

Blood Supply of U.L:

Blood Supply of U.L:

1. The
2. The

Veins

Veins

• Cephalic (arm-forearm)

Basilic (arm-forearm)

• Median Cubital (elbow)
• Median Vein
• SF. Palmar Venous Arch
• Digital

SUPERFICIAL

• Subclavian (neck)

Axillary (axilla)

• Brachial (arm-elbow)

Radial (forearm)

• Ulnar (forearm)
• Deep Palmous Venous arch

DEEP

Blood Supply of the U.L:

Blood Supply of the U.L:

2.Arteries

2.Arteries



Subclavian A

(neck)



Axillary A (armpit)

◦ Subscapular A



Brachial A (arm)

◦ Deep brachial



Radial A (forearm)



Ulnar A (forearm)

Common Interosseous

A



Superficial & Deep

Palmar arches