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antibiotic chapter 1, Summaries of Medicine

Palestine Polytechnic UniversityMedicine

antibiotic chapter 1, phrmacology class

Typology: Summaries

2023/2024

Uploaded on 03/05/2025

some_one1
some_one1 🇵🇸

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MOA: Inactivate Transpeptidase (PBPs) &
prevent cross linking
•
↓Absorption with food
•
✓BBB during inflammation (Meningitis)
•
Penicillin (Bactericidal)
Natural Penicillin
1)
Gram (+) /Syphilis / Gonorrhea /Pneumococcal
pneumonia
•
-
Narrower spectrum
•
Penicillin V →Oral
-
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin
2)
(DONM) Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin,
Methicillin →for staph infection
Broad/Extended-spectrum penicillin (Amino
penicillin)
3)
Ampicillin →more gram (-)
-
prophylactic endocarditis before surgery
•
prophylactic by dentist for abnormal heart
valve
•
Amoxicillin →better orally
-
Anti-pseudomonas penicillin
4)
Piperacillin (more potent), Carbinacillin and
Ticarcillin
1) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors:-
S/E : Penicillin→ Pen → →
DHAN :- Diarrhea →due to superinfection
Hematological toxicities
Anaphylactic →5-10% of the patient
Nephritis →Methicillin
Beta-lactam inhibitors:
Clavulanic acid (irreversible of B-lactamase) + Amoxicillin
→ Augmentin
Clavulanic acid + Ticarcillin →Timentin
Tazobactam + Piperacillin
Sulbactam + Ampicillin
Carbapenem (Bactericidal)
MEDIC : Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
Imipenem/Cilastatin
No cross resistant
-
Cilastatin (like a bodyguard) →Inhibits renal
dehydropeptidase (that enzyme inactivate
Imipenem )
-
✓ Pseudomonas
-
S/E: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Skin rash, Seizure
Monobactam (Bactericidal)
No Cross resistant
▪
✓ gram-negative, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and
Enterobacter
▪
❌ Anaerobic, gram-positive
▪
parentally
▪
Aztreonam
Vancomycin
MRSA, MRSE, C.difficile colitis (when
orally)
▪
✓ BBB in meningitis, slow IV
▪
MOA: Inhibits transglycosylase → ↓cell
membrane activity
-
S/E: FONT →Flushing (Redman syndrome due
histamine release), Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity
Thrombophlebitis
Doptamycin
✓ MRSE, ✓ VRE, complicated skin
infection, endocarditis
▪
❌ NEVER in pneumonia
▪
MOA : depolarizing the cell membrane →loss
of membrane potential →cell death
-
S/E: insomnia, myalgia, constipation, headache and
nausea
15/1/2025
MED 6
First semester - Second year
Benevolent person
YOU SHOLD STUDY THE CHAPTER FIRST THEN THIS REVISION, HOPE YOU ALL THE BEST ♡
PPU General Pharmacology Review (Antibiotics)
Cell wall Page 1
pf2

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Download antibiotic chapter 1 and more Summaries Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

MOA: Inactivate Transpeptidase (PBPs) &

prevent cross linking

  • ↓ Absorption with food
  • ✓ BBB during inflammation (Meningitis)

 Penicillin (Bactericidal)

  1. Natural Penicillin

Gram (+) /Syphilis / Gonorrhea /Pneumococcal

pneumonia

  • Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) → IM or IV
    • Narrower spectrum

Penicillin V → Oral

  1. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin

(DONM) Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin,

Methicillin → for staph infection

Broad/Extended-spectrum penicillin (Amino

penicillin)

Ampicillin → more gram (-)

prophylactic endocarditis before surgery

prophylactic by dentist for abnormal heart

valve

  • Amoxicillin → better orally
  1. Anti-pseudomonas penicillin

Piperacillin (more potent), Carbinacillin and

Ticarcillin

  1. Cell wall synthesis inhibitors:-

S/E : Penicillin→ Pen → →

DHAN :- Diarrhea → due to superinfection

Hematological toxicities

Anaphylactic → 5 - 10% of the patient

Nephritis → Methicillin

Beta-lactam inhibitors:

Clavulanic acid (irreversible of B-lactamase) + Amoxicillin

→ Augmentin

Clavulanic acid + Ticarcillin → Timentin

Tazobactam + Piperacillin

Sulbactam + Ampicillin

 Carbapenem (Bactericidal)

MEDIC : Meropenem

Ertapenem

Doripenem

Imipenem/Cilastatin

No cross resistant

Cilastatin (like a bodyguard) → Inhibits renal

dehydropeptidase (that enzyme inactivate

Imipenem )

✓ Pseudomonas

S/E: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Skin rash, Seizure

 Monobactam (Bactericidal)

No Cross resistant

✓ gram-negative, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and

Enterobacter

Anaerobic, gram-positive

parentally

Aztreonam

 Vancomycin

MRSA, MRSE, C.difficile colitis (when

orally)

▪ ✓ BBB in meningitis, slow IV

MOA: Inhibits transglycosylase → ↓ cell

membrane activity

S/E: FONT → Flushing (Redman syndrome due

histamine release), Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity

Thrombophlebitis

 Doptamycin

✓ MRSE, ✓ VRE, complicated skin

infection, endocarditis

▪ ❌ NEVER in pneumonia

MOA : depolarizing the cell membrane → loss

of membrane potential → cell death

S/E: insomnia, myalgia, constipation, headache and

nausea

MED 6

First semester - Second year

Benevolent person

YOU SHOLD STUDY THE CHAPTER FIRST THEN THIS REVISION, HOPE YOU ALL THE BEST

PPU General Pharmacology Review (Antibiotics)

Cell wall Page 1

MOA: Inactivate Transpeptidase (PBPs) & prevent

cross linking

BBB

UTI, prophylactic and gram (+)

  1. First Generation: Cefadroxil, Cefazolin, Cephalexin

❌ BBB except Cefuroxime ✓ BBB

Streptococcus infection, UTI, respiratory,

bone and soft tissue infection, prophylactic

▪ ↓ gram (+) → ❌ S.epidermis

Second Generation: Cefotetan, Cefoxitin,

Cefuroxime ( Zinnat ®)

Gonorrhea, Empirical for meningitis, Lyme and

Gram (-)

▪ ✓ BBB except Cefoperazone ❌ BBB

Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone ✓ P. aeruginosa

Third Generation: Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime,

Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cefdinir (Adcef®) ,

Ceftizoxime, Cefoperazone

▪ Pseudomonas, Gram (-), Gram (+)

  1. Fourth Generation: Cefepime

MRSE, broad spectrum

  1. Fifth Generation: Ceftaroline

 Cephalosporin (Bactericidal)

S/E: Bleeding disorders, Allergic reaction, Alcohol

intolerance (disulfiram-like), Nephrotoxic except

Cefuroxime and Super infection # 1 cause of C.difficile

colitis

C/I: SJS toxic epidermal necrolysis

 Telavancin

Complicated skin infection, ✓ MRSE,

❌VRE

MOA: Inhibits transglycosylase → ↓ cell

membrane activity

S/E: Prolongation of QT (torsades de pointes),

Insomnia, Foamy urine and Teratogenic

UTI, first line in acute cystitis

No cross resistant

Once daily dose/oral (granules)

 Fosfomycin (Bactericidal)

S/E: Headache, Vaginitis, Diarrhea, Nausea

✓ P. aeruginosa, gram-negative

polymyxin B → all but not oral

polymyxin E (Colistin) → IV or inhaled

 Polymyxin

S/E: Nephrotoxic, Neurotoxic

MED 6

Benevolent person

First semester - Second year

Cell wall Page 2