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A comprehensive list of essential formulas and theorems for ap calculus bc, covering topics such as derivatives, integrals, limits, and series. It serves as a valuable resource for students preparing for the ap calculus bc exam, offering a concise and organized compilation of key concepts.
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d/dx sin⁻¹x - ANSWER1/√(1-x²) not +/- d/dx cos⁻¹x - ANSWER⁻1/√(1−x²) not +/- d/dx tan⁻¹x - ANSWER1/(1+x²) d/dx cot⁻¹x - ANSWER-1/(1+x²) d/dx sec⁻¹x - ANSWER1/(IxI√(x²-1)) not +/-1, d/dx csc⁻¹x - ANSWER-1/(IxI√(x²-1)) not +/-1, d/dx sinx - ANSWERcosx d/dx cosx - ANSWER-sinx d/dx tanx - ANSWERsec²x d/dx cscx - ANSWER-cscxcotx d/dx secx - ANSWERsecxtanx d/dx cotx - ANSWER-csc²x ∫sinxdx - ANSWER-cosx ∫cosxdx - ANSWERsinx d/dx e^u - ANSWERe^u(d/dx u) d/dx a^x - ANSWERa^x(ln(a)) d/dx a^u - ANSWERa^u(ln(a))(d/dx u) Intermediate Value Theorem - ANSWERf(x) is continuous on [a,b], then the function takes on every y-value between f(a) and f(b) on the interval (a,b) Extreme Value Theorem - ANSWERf(x) is continuous on [a,b], f(x) has at least 1 max and 1 min on [a,b] Mean Value Theorem - ANSWERf(x) is differentiable on (a,b) and thus continuous [a,b], there is a point c on (a,b) where f'(c)=f(b)-f(a)/b-a, instantaneous rate of change=average rate of change, slope of tangent line=slope of secant line
d/dx ln(x) - ANSWER1/x d/dx ln(u) - ANSWER(1/u)(d/dx u) d/dx loga(x) - ANSWER1/(xln(a)) d/dx loga(u) - ANSWER1/(uln(a))(d/dx u) sin²(x) + cos²(x) - ANSWER sin(2x) - ANSWER2sin(x)cos(x) sin²(x) - ANSWER(1-cos(2x))/ 1+cot²(x) - ANSWERcsc²(x) 1+tan²(x) - ANSWERsec²(x) Euler's Method - ANSWERx, y, dy/dx, dy/dx(step size), dy/dx(step size) + y Power series of e^x - ANSWERx^n/n! 1 + x + (x^2/2!) + (x^3/3!) Power Series of sinx - ANSWER(-1)^n (x^2n)/(2n+1)! x - (x^3/3!) + (x^5/5!) - (x^7/7!) Power Series of cosx - ANSWER(-1)^n (x^2n)/(2n)! 1 - (x^2/2!) + (x^4/4!) - (x^6/6!) Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 2 - ANSWERF(b)-F(a) **Justifies + C during antidifferentiation Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 1 - ANSWERF'(x) = f(x) **Chain Rule: upper bound is x^2: F'(x) = f(x^2)2x area of an isosceles cross section - ANSWER(1/2)s^ area of an equilateral triangle cross section - ANSWER(√3/(4))s^ length of a curve - ANSWER∫√(1+(dy/dx)^2)dx what does a geometric series converge to? - ANSWER1(1-x) IF IxI < 1 integration by parts - ANSWERuv - ∫vdu lim (sinx)/x x-->0 - ANSWER lim (cosx - 1)/x
Position at time t - ANSWERx(t) = x(a) + ∫x'(t)dt slope of the tangent line to the curve - ANSWERdy/dx d²y/dx² - ANSWERd/dt(dy/dx)
dx/dt when a particle is farthest RIGHT - ANSWERcheck endpoints AND maximum when particle is at rest - ANSWERx'(t) = 0 AND y'(t) = 0 ∫aⁿdn - ANSWER(1/ln(a))aⁿ + C lipet - ANSWERlogs, inverse, polynomial, exponential, trig ∫lnxdx - ANSWERxln(x) - x + C #<1 --> converges #>1 --> diverges #=1 --> inconclusive - ANSWERratio test 1/(1-x) power series - ANSWER1+x+x²+x³+x⁴+....x^n