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Visual acuity test - ANSWER -20/30 in the left eye and 20/40 in the right eye using the Snellen eye chart indicates the need for further evaluation. Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy - ANSWER -A caregiver making up or causing an illness or injury in a person under his or her care. Symptoms of depression - ANSWER -Side effect of medications such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Lesion characteristics - ANSWER -A dark raised and asymmetric lesion with irregular border is indicative of melanoma. Puffiness of the eyes - ANSWER -Dull puffiness of the eyes pronounced not pitting periorbital edema suggests nephrotic syndrome. Prophylactic medication for migraines - ANSWER -Amitriptyline (Elavil) is considered off-label use for prophylactic treatment of migraines. Scaling on the scalp - ANSWER -Areas of scaling on the scalp with round patches of alopecia are consistent with tinea capitis.
Combined hormonal contraceptive contraindications - ANSWER - Contraindicated in women older than 45, breastfeeding, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, or history of stroke. Bloody nipple discharge - ANSWER -Bloody spontaneous discharge from the right nipple indicates the need for further evaluation. Rho (D) immunoglobulin administration - ANSWER -Rh negative women should receive Rho (D) immunoglobulin at 28 weeks' gestation. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) - ANSWER -MCV describes the size of the RBCs; small-sized RBCs result in a lower MCV, while larger RBCs result in a higher MCV. Avoided medication for headache prophylaxis - ANSWER - Venlafaxine (Effexor) should be avoided due to serious side effects. Prostaglandin E1 (PG1) mechanism - ANSWER -Maintains patency of the great arteries in a patient with transposition of the great arteries. Calf pain in peripheral artery disease - ANSWER -A dull pain or cramp describes lower extremity calf pain associated with peripheral artery disease.
Varicella vaccine - ANSWER -Protects against chickenpox and shingles. Shingles (herpes zoster) - ANSWER -Painful rash from dormant varicella zoster virus. Munchausen syndrome by proxy - ANSWER -Caregiver induces illness in someone else for attention. Gravida - ANSWER -Number of pregnancies a woman has had. Para - ANSWER -Number of pregnancies resulting in viable offspring. TPAL system - ANSWER -Tracks pregnancies: Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children. Epitrochlear lymph node - ANSWER -Lymph node in the elbow region, assesses infection. Anticholinergics - ANSWER -Drugs blocking acetylcholine, treat urinary incontinence. Heart failure - ANSWER -Condition with decreased cardiac output, causes congestion. Jugular venous distention - ANSWER -Sign of heart failure, indicates fluid overload.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) - ANSWER -Condition with heartburn and regurgitation symptoms. Peripheral artery disease - ANSWER -Causes leg pain during activity, known as claudication. Papilledema - ANSWER -Swelling of optic disc due to increased pressure. Cullen's sign - ANSWER -Bruising around umbilicus, indicates hemorrhagic conditions. Gray Turner's sign - ANSWER -Bruising on flanks, suggests retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Hiatal hernia - ANSWER -Stomach bulges through diaphragm, causes GERD symptoms. Keloid - ANSWER -Raised scar from excessive collagen formation. Cutaneous cyst - ANSWER -Benign closed sac in skin, may contain fluid. Chondrodermatitis - ANSWER -Painful skin condition, often on ear or nose.
Weight loss impact - ANSWER -10 pounds lost reduces knee OA risk by 50%. Osteosarcoma symptoms - ANSWER -Commonly presents with bone pain and tenderness. Migraine characteristics - ANSWER -Family history is a common factor. Small bowel obstruction symptoms - ANSWER -Includes vomiting, pain, and abdominal distension. Unilateral rhinitis causes - ANSWER -Foreign body or nasal polyp may be responsible. Acute sinusitis treatment to avoid - ANSWER -Antihistamines should be avoided in children. Acromegaly features - ANSWER -Elongated head with prominent facial bones. Deferoxamine use - ANSWER -Eliminates excess iron in beta thalassemia. TSH levels in hypothyroidism - ANSWER -Expected to be higher than normal.
Secondary syphilis symptoms - ANSWER -Rash with red lesions on palms and soles. Prostatic hypertrophy risks - ANSWER -Increases risk of UTIs and acute urinary retention. Primary syphilis lesion - ANSWER -Typically presents as a painless chancre. Gout treatment to avoid - ANSWER -Allopurinol should not be prescribed during attacks. Essential vitamins for women - ANSWER -Folic Acid and Iron are crucial in multivitamins. Bacterial meningitis headaches - ANSWER -Caused by increased intracranial pressure. Janeway lesions - ANSWER -Associated with infective endocarditis. Aminoglycosides - ANSWER -Class of antibiotics that can cause hearing loss. Methyldopa in pregnancy - ANSWER -First choice antihypertensive for pregnant women.
Estrogen-progestin contraceptives contraindication - ANSWER - Should be avoided in women with migraines with aura. Benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin - ANSWER -Improves the efficacy of erythromycin for acne treatment. Antihistamines and BPH - ANSWER -Should be avoided due to the risk of urinary retention. Fine silky hair appearance - ANSWER -May be seen in patients with hypothyroidism. ACE inhibitor cough - ANSWER -Typically resolves 1-4 days after discontinuation of therapy but may linger up to 4 weeks. Metronidazole (flagyl) contraindication - ANSWER -Important to check if the patient drinks alcohol before prescribing. Atypical pneumonia findings - ANSWER -Includes low-grade fever, malaise, and clear lung fields on auscultation. Dabigatran etexilate reversal - ANSWER -Idarucizumab (Praxbind) is the medication indicated for reversing its anticoagulated effects. Common finding in asthma - ANSWER -Hypertrophy of smooth muscle.
Cranial nerves for eye movement - ANSWER -CN III, IV, VI are responsible for eye movement. Severe acute aortic regurgitation presentation - ANSWER - Includes sudden severe shortness of breath and rapidly developing heart failure. Kidney and ureter pain locations - ANSWER -Pain is usually located in the flank area, abdomen, or groin. Tender prostate gland finding - ANSWER -Consistent with acute bacterial prostatitis. Contagious disease symptoms - ANSWER -Fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status prevented by the meningococcal vaccine. Headache warning signs - ANSWER -Include new onset after 50, aggravated or relieved by position change, and headaches relieved with mild recurrent use of analgesics. Serotonin Syndrome - ANSWER -A potentially life-threatening condition associated with increased levels of serotonin. Scabies treatment with lindane - ANSWER -Know that Nix is the treatment. Lindane - ANSWER -Medication for treating lice and scabies.
Atopic dermatitis treatment - ANSWER -Next choice is topical corticosteroids. Tail of Spence - ANSWER -Located laterally across anterior axillary fold. Headaches with nausea - ANSWER -Tension headaches typically do not cause nausea. Cardiac evaluation indicators - ANSWER -LDL of 190 mg/dl suggests further evaluation. Alpha-adrenergic blockers - ANSWER -Relax prostate smooth muscle to increase urine flow. Scoliosis concern - ANSWER -Greatest concern is 13 y/o female with 100 curve. Diabetic retinopathy - ANSWER -Papilledema is unusual finding in this condition. Uterine fundus at 12 weeks - ANSWER -Should be palpable midway to symphysis pubis. Pterygium - ANSWER -Triangular conjunctival growth on cornea. Warfarin missed dose - ANSWER -Resume with 5 mg and continue daily dosing.
Croup symptom - ANSWER -Characteristic barking cough is common. Inflammatory breast cancer - ANSWER -Rapidly progresses with erythema and swelling. Salmeterol teaching point - ANSWER -Not effective during acute asthma attacks. Hydrocele - ANSWER -Non-tender enlarged scrotum due to fluid. Breast cancer risk factors - ANSWER -Low socioeconomic status is not a risk. Sulfa allergy safe medication - ANSWER -Sumatriptan can be taken safely. Epitrochlear nodes - ANSWER -Located above the elbow, part of lymphatic system. Cataract - ANSWER -Clouding of the lens affecting vision. Supraspinatus muscle - ANSWER -Initiates shoulder abduction movement. Bulimia weight characteristic - ANSWER -Patients are often of average weight.
