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aPHR Practice Test
The process by which the key stakeholders of an organization envision its future and develop a mission, objectives, and procedures to achieve that future is called: A) Goal Planning B) Future Planning C) Succession Planning D) Strategic Planning - B) Strategic Planning Organizational culture reflects a shared understanding among all who work within the company. What are the common components of organizational culture? A) Vision, mission, and values B) Structure, system, and people C) Values, beliefs, and norms D) Finance, marketing, and operations - C) Values, beliefs, and norms Computer software that stimulates a worksheet used to tabulate data and create graphs based on data is known as what tool? A) Presentation B) Application C) Spreadsheet D) Balance Sheet - C) Spreadsheet The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) requires employers to file these annual reports on employee benefits offered: A) OSHA 300 log B) Form 5500 C) EEO-1 form D) LM-1 report - B) Form 5500 Which choice represents an advantage of a "best-of-breed" HRIS solution? A) Quicker implementation because of a simpler system B) Careful management of vendor relationships C) Ease of data integration D) Least expensive - A) Quicker implementation because of a simpler system Each essential job function in a job description should consider? A) Pay level associated with it B) Level of complexity and frequency
C) Education needed to complete the job function D) Work experience of past incumbents in the job - B) Level of complexity and frequency An HR business process outcome (BPO) is an arrangement: A) Where payroll and benefit administration are entirely outsourced B) Where employees are leased to an outsourcing company C) Where employees are staffed by external recruitment agencies D) Where benefits are outsourced only to an external provider - A) Where payroll and benefit administration are entirely outsourced Which of the following statements best describes the Older Worker Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)? A) It is applicable only to public employees B) Older workers can waive ADEA rights if they are given at least 10 business days to consider their options C) It prevents hiring discrimination on the basis of age D) It is unlawful to target older workers during a reduction in force (RIF) - D) It is unlawful to target older workers during a reduction in force Which of the following is an example of hiring discrimination? A) The applicant tracking system asks a person to disclose his or her race, sex, color, religion, national origin or age. B) The ATS fails to collect genetic and medical history information from individuals C) The ATS fails to process applications for those who have self-disclosed their disability D) The ATS requires individuals to take a test related to the position they are interested in - C) The ATS fails to process applications for those who have self-disclosed their disability status ATS can miss out on a large talent pool today if they lack what functionality? A) Quality of hire tracking B) Ad placement tracking C) Cost per hire tracking D) Mobile Access - D) Mobile Access An internal recruitment method employed by organizations to identify potential candidates from their existing employees is known as: A) Independent contractors B) Temp Agencies C) Job Posting D) Employee referral - D) Employee referral Which type of interview uses past performance as a predictor of future behavior? A) Structured B) Competency based
C) Working four 10-hour days D) Working 20 hours a week - C) Working four 10-hour days Which of the following data gathering methods would help the HR manager determine whether employee behavior has changed after training? A) Checklist B) 360-degree feedback C) Post-measure test D) ROI analysis - B) 360-degree feedback A company reaches an agreement with a labor union that states only union members will be employed with the company. Which of the following laws makes it illegal to establish a closed shop except in the construction industry? A) National Labor Relations Act B) Wagner Act C) Taft-Hartley Act D) Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act - C) Taft-Hartley Act Which of the following describes an employment-at-will exception? A) Employee terminated after filing a workers' compensation claim B) A candidate discusses salary range, job title and level with HR C) An employee on long-term disability leave is terminated from employment D) An employee is fired for no stated reason - A) Employee terminated after filing a workers compensation claim What is the main advantage to an organization using the alternative dispute resolution process? A) Decreases HR/management time spent on disputes B) Decreases costs related to conducting investigations C) Decreases conflict within the organization D) Decreases the number of disputes that might end up in court - D) Decreases the number of disputes that might end up in court A procedure that provides clear guidance for supervisors and employees to systematically and fairly resolve complaints is known as which of the following? A) An open door policy B) An HR resolution policy C) A grievance process D) A team-building process - C) A grievance process Drake the lead groundskeeper, is off the company's premises, cleaning the back access road leading to the company's building. Drake slips, falls, and injures his back. Per the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), this situation requires:
A) All employees to be trained on safety protocols B) Recording on the OSHA 300 log C) The employee to seek medical attention D) The employee to be sent home - B) Recording on the OSHA 300 log Which of the following requires that a publicly traded company's employment offers consistently meet internal approval requirements, that they are consistent with established salary ranges, and that salary increases are documented and approved in accordance with internal policies? A) OSHA B) EEOC C) Sarbanes-Oxley Act D) Fair Labor Standards Act - C) Sarbanes-Oxley Act What answers the following questions? -What do we do now? -Why are we doing it? -What makes us different from other companies? - Mission Statement States WHY the organization exists - Mission Statement The ___________________ guides values, standards, and other organizing principles. - Mission Statement What answers the following questions? -What do we want to accomplish? -Where do we aim to be in the future? - Vision Statement The _______________________ guides the steps the organization will take to achieve future goals. - Vision Statement What factors does HR need to consider during the planning stage of project management? - -timeline development -estimate mini goals/deliverables -resources needed and their associated costs -risks -ROI Refers to an organizations sense of responsibility for its impact on the environment. - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) Prohibits mandatory retirement. - Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) Prohibits wage discrimination based on sex for people in the same organization performing the same or similar job under similar circumstances. - Equal Pay Act (EPA) Prohibits employer discrimination against those with disabilities. - Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, standards for child labor and defining nonexempt and exempt employees. - Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) Outlines standards for when employees are permitted to take unpaid, job-protected family and medical leave. - The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government. - Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 An agency of the United States Department of Labor. Congress established this agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Agency that ensures that employers provide a safe and healthy work environment. - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) What are some OSHA requirements for a safe and healthy work environment? - -eliminating and reducing hazards -providing free safety equipment -informing employees of chemical hazards -provide safety training -recording work related injuries -displaying OSHA poster HR policies, programs, and practices must align with what? - Laws and regulations at local, state, federal, and international levels. Why must an organization analyze internal business information? - -Understand performance -Evaluate strategies -Identify areas for improvement
Data is analyzed using what? - Metrics Method of measuring a set of data. - Metrics Known as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). - Metrics Concerned with analyzing money coming in and out. - Cash flow metrics A measure of the difference between incoming and outgoing cash over a fixed period of time. - Net cash flow Compares the initial investment to the outcome of the investment to determine the gains or loses.
- Return on Investment (ROI) Profit vs. Cost - Return on Investment (ROI)% Found by dividing a company's fiscal year net income by the total shareholder equity. - Return on Equity (ROE) % What tells us the efficiency of a company's investments? - Return on Equity (ROE) % Any person or group who interacts with the organization and might become a customer or client.
- Lead (Marketing/Sales Metric) Total number of leads - Lead Volume(Marketing/Sales Metric) Total number of leads in a fixed period of time - Lead Gain (Marketing/Sales Metric) This metric shows whether or not the company is investing its resources into profitable work. - Number of Activities (Operations/Business Development) This metric shows how many opportunities are closed by sales. - Opportunity Success Rate (Operations/Business Development) The halfway point between a lead and a customer -
-Laborers (unskilled) -Service Workers A system that does not use a "one size fits all" approach. Instead it attempts to address each incident as a unique infraction and then develops consequences accordingly. - Progressive Discipline Five Stages of Progressive Discipline -
- Coaching
- Counseling
- Formal Warning
- Termination Review
- Termination What happens during the Coaching step of Progressive Discipline? - Manager verbally discusses the issue with the employee What happens during the Counseling step of Progressive Discipline? - First formal warning and it is normally verbal What happens during the Formal Warning step of Progressive Discipline? - Second formal warning is normally written and paired with disciplinary action. Internal and external recruiting costs ____________________________________________________=? Total number of new hires - Cost per Hire Examples of external recruiting costs - -Ads -Outsourcing -Recruiting Technology Examples of internal recruiting costs - -in house recruiting -recruiting staff -referral rewards Selection ratios - -% of qualified candidates -% of minority applicants -% of offers accepted Occurs when employer treats a protected class differently than other employees. - Disparate treatment
What is required for an employee to have a case against an employer regarding disparate treatment? - -belongs to a protected class -applied for the job when employer sought applicants -was qualified and rejected -was rejected and the employer kept looking Number of separations from the company -----------------------------------------------=? Total number of people employed - Turnover Rate % Refers to monitoring step-by-step all HR processes from start to finish to ensure that consistent and desire outputs occur everytime. - Validation HR programs, practices, and policies should be regularly audited for? - -Strict operating parameters -Controlled processes -Clearly defined outcomes Ensures that HR programs, practices, and policies deliver results in a consistent predicable manner. - Validation What happens when validation is compromised? - Increased risk of product or service quality Process of establishing a relevant unbiased system of data collection - Quality Assurance A means of gathering data by utilizing the services of a skilled facilitator who solicits feedback and opinions about a specific topic. - Focus group What is the risks associated with a focus group? - Risk of low engagement and facilitator bias Method for gathering data where there is one data collector that observes a specific context and takes notes. - Observational data collection What is observational data collection at risk for? - High risk for bias Relevant data in external sources -
Set schedule where employees are vested at a % amount less than 100 each year until they are vested 100%. - Graded vesting Employees becoming 100% vested after a certain number of years. - Cliff vesting ERISA Reporting Standards - -Requires plan sponsors to prepare and distribute Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs) at least once every 5 years -Participants should also receive a Summary Annual Report (SAR) The process of analyzing and identifying the need and availability of labor resources so that the organization can meet its objectives is called: A) Human resources planning B) Recruitment requisition C) Objective planning D) Training needs assessment - A) Human resource planning A statement that communicates the organizations top priorities and core beliefs to customers and employees is called: A) Code of conduct B) Employee handbook C) Purpose statement D) Values statement - D) Values statement The statement "We aspire to be the best widget maker in America" is an example of a: A) Vision statement B) Financial Statement C) Mission statement D) Values Statement - A) Vision Statement In Michael Porter's Five Forces Analysis, five forces shape the competitive landscape for any industry. What are they? - -Political/legal -Economic -Social -Technology -Competition What are the common components of organizational culture? - -Values -Beliefs
-Norms In XYZ organization the leadership team thinks that the expression of humor in the workplace will improve productivity. This is an example of what kind of element? A) Norms B) Beliefs C) Directives D) Values - B) Beliefs What statement can be used to guide an organization's decisions and provides a purpose for employees? A) Values statement B) Financial statement C) Goal statement D) Norms statement - A) Values statement Organizational culture can manifest itself in a physical form that often serves as a reminder of something important or a trigger for a special meaning. This element of culture is called: A) Rituals B) Artifacts C) Legends D) Beliefs - B) Artifacts A person from inside or outside an organization who assists an organization to transform itself is known as what? - Change agent What establishes overtime and minimum wage requirements? - Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 What protects employees from the unfair practices of unions? - Taft-Hartley Act A construction worker union refuses to do business with any company that buys supplies from a particular concrete company. This decision was made to support the workers at the concrete company who have reported multiple violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA with regard to overtime pay. As the HR director at Next Generation HomeBuilders, what advice would you provide to senior management? A) This hot-cargo contract clause is an unfair labor practice as defined by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) B) This featherbedding contract clause is an unfair labor practice as defined by the Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA)
D) ADEA
An employee of a doctor's office often takes a work laptop home. Information about patients is stored on the laptop for the employee's easy reference. While the employee is in a local grocery store, someone breaks into his car and steals the laptop. Which federal law should the employer be concerned about? A) Federal Data Protection Act B) Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 C) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act D) Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR Part 11) - C) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), which provides the continuation of health coverage for a limited time after the loss of a job, is an amendment to which Act? - Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) A financial services firm hires a trader who spent the last four years in state prison for committing a battery against a co-worker. The financial services firm is in Wyoming, but the trader did his jail time in state prison in Arizona. In an effort to reduce costs, HR did a background check, but it was only for the state of Wyoming. How would you safeguard the company from any legal exposure regarding this situation? - The company should adopt a policy of conducting complete background and reference checks, including state and FBI records, going forward Establishes that an employer can monitor employee electronic communications if the employer can show legitimate business purpose. - Electronic Communications and Privacy Act of 1986 The CEO wants to install a surveillance system. As the HR manager, what should you be most concerned with when advising the CEO on the new system implementation? - Is the monitoring policy narrowly tailored? Establishes than an employer can't intentionally access an employee's e-mails unless they are sent through the employer's server. - The Stored Communications Act (SCA) Latoya resigned from her position as vice president of marketing at Kwesi Engineering. She failed to delete her personal e-mail account from the company iPad prior to returning it on her last day. For the next six months, Latoya's personal e-mail was accessible on the company phone and was read by her former manager. By reading the e-mails, did the manager violate any laws? - Yes, under the provisions of the Stored Communications Act (SCA), Latoya's negligence does not constitute authorization. Difference between confidentiality and privacy -
Confidentiality is how information is treated. Privacy is an employee's right to freedom from intrusion. Reason to disclose medical information that was obtained through pre-employment drug testing to a third party - For a disability claim Which performance measures includes metrics in the areas of financial performance, customer satisfaction, efficiency of internal business processes, and company learning and growth. - Balanced Scorecard Difference between a financial role and a accounting role within an organization. - Accounting captures day-to-day transactions of the business. Finance provides financial modeling and investment advice to the organization. What is HR's primary strategic value to the organization? - Intimate knowledge of all core functional business areas HR's primary contribution to an organization's strategic plan. - HR serves the needs of the entire organization as subject-matter experts (SMEs) The executive board of a test preparation company considers franchising. What would be the best organizational structure? - Decentralized Why should HR be involved in the strategy formulation, development, implementation, and evaluation of a business? A) Staffing projections significantly contribute to a company's strategic direction. B) Ensure that HR has a "seat at the table" so the voice of the people can be heard. C) Depending on the strategic orientation of the company, HR's role may differ. D) Ensure the strategy is compliant with federal, state, and local regulations. - B) Ensure that HR has a "seat at the table" so the voice of the people can be heard. How many employees does a company need to have in order to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? - 15 employees Deemed a moral and social obligation to amend historical wrongs and eliminate the present effects of past discrimination is known as what? - Affirmative Action Plan Federal Contractors above a dollar limit of __________________ are required to institute affirmative action plans - $50, A progressive discipline process generally starts with what? -
A visual display of HR metrics at a high level is called what? - Dashboard A type of interview that depends on job analysis to identify critical job requirements, such as competencies for each position, by focusing on what the person has done in previous situations is called what? - Targeted selection interview A short document, or section of a document, that provides a brief overview of a longer report, proposal, or business plan is known as what? - Executive summary A type of chart used to visualize the trend of something over time is called what? - Line graph A performance metric used in strategic management to identify, report, and improve various internal functions of a business and resulting external results is called what? - Balanced scorecard What provides insight into business trends and patterns and helps improve decisions? - Business Intelligence How can a company minimize any negative impact to data integrity? - A policy that prohibits sharing passwords and the utilization of monitoring software that tracks and blocks the attempted download of phishing programs or malware Software that is managed remotely where the organization is charged only for the number of users and the bandwidth they use - SaaS Which collaborative software platforms provides users with a near in-person integrated experience? - Teleprescence Which records should the hiring manager have access to? A) Drug Tests B) Applications C) Background Checks D) I-9 forms - B) Applications How long should an organization keep an I-9 form for a terminated employee? - Three years from the date of hire or one year following termination of employment, whichever is later.
If an employer is a federal contractor of more than 150 employees and greater than $150,000 in federal contracts, how long should pre-employment documents such as resumes, applications, interview notes, and other related hiring materials be kept for applicants not hired? - 2 years How long does the EEOC regulations require employers to retain records for an employee who has been involuntarily terminated? - One year from the date of termination The Federal Labor Standards Act requires employers to retain payroll records for how long? - Three years The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires the OSHA 300 log to be retained by the employer for how long? - Five years following the end of the calendar year in which the records occur Under Title VII, the form that employers must file indicating the number of employees by specific covered protected categories is called what? - EEO-1 form Which regulation requires employers with a self-insured health plan to complete and file Forms 1095-B and 1094-B with the IRS, as well as provide employees with a copy of form 1095-B? - Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act (PPACA) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) reporting requirements apply to what type of organizations? - Those that employ 50 or more full-time employees on average What type of organization must submit an EEO-1 report? - Employers with 100+ employees and federal contractors with 50+ employees Employers must file copies of employees' W-2s with which agency by the end of February every year? - Social Security Administration (SSA) When is it best for HR to collaborate with other departments to build an HRIS in-house? A) A robust customized solution is needed. B) There are off-the shelf systems that could meet the need C) The organization has unique business needs and the functional and technical skills in house D) The organization has standard business needs - C) The organization has unique business needs and the functional and technical skills in house In terms of HR technology delivery, which of the following describes a hosted approach? A) Purchased software B) Managed from the vendor's site C) Subscription service
