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APK2100C Chapter 14 Test
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Sensory (Afferent) Division - ANSWER - Division of the PNS- Contains somatic (skin) and visceral (hollow organ lining) sensory nerve fibers
- Conducts impulses from RECEPTORS to CNS [REVIEW] Motor (Efferent) Division - ANSWER - Division of the PNS
- Contains motor nerve fibers- Conducts impulses from CNS to EFFECTORS, such as muscles and glands
General Functions of Somatic Sensory Receptors - ANSWER - Touch- Pain
- Pressure
- Vibration- Temperature
- Proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs
Special Functions of Somatic Sensory Receptors - ANSWER - Hearing
General Functions of Visceral Sensory Receptors - ANSWER - Stretch- Pain
- Temperature
- Chemical Changes- Irritation in viscera (nausea and hunger)
Special Functions of Visceral Sensory Receptors - ANSWER - Taste
- Smell 3 Classifications of Nerves in the PNS - ANSWER (1) Sensory (2) Motor(3) Mixed
Sensory Nerves - ANSWER Contains only AFFERENT axons Motor Nerves - ANSWER Contains only EFFERENT axons
[CN II] Optic Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Sensory
- [Function] Vision
- [Origin] Retina of eye *Nerves cross over at a chiasma [CN III] Oculomotor Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Motor
- [Function: Somatic] Movement of the eye by innervating 4 main extrinsiceye muscles: (1) Superior Rectus; (2) Inferior Rectus; (3) Medial Rectus; (4) Inferior Obliques
- [Function: Visceral] Parasympathetic (involuntary) constrictions of the pupil [CN IV] Trochlear Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Motor
- [Function] Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball
[CN V] Trigeminal Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Mixed
- [Function: Sensory] Facial sensation for touch, temperature, and pain
- [Function: Motor] Innervation of chewing muscles (mastication) [CN VI] Abducens Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Motor
- [Function] Innervates lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball for eye abduction [CN VII] Facial Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Mixed
- [Function: Sensory] Sensory taste for the anterior 2/3 of tongue
- [Function: Motor] Innervates facial muscles for facial expressions [CN VIII] Vestibulocochlear Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Sensory
- [Function: Vestibular Branch] Equilibrium
[CN XII] Hypoglossal Nerve - ANSWER - [Classification] Motor
- [Function] Innervates muscles of the tongue for feeding, swallowing, andspeech
In terms of facial muscles, how do trigeminal nerves and facial nerves differin this case? - ANSWER Trigeminal nerves (CN V) provide facial SENSATION via sensory receptors, while facial nerves (CN VII) provide facialEXPRESSIONS via motor functions.
What proportion/direction of the tongue is affected by taste sensation fromthe facial nerves and glossopharyngeal nerves? - ANSWER Facial nerves (CN VII) provide it for the ANTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue, while theglossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX) provide it for the POSTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue. 5 Regions of Spinal Nerves - ANSWER (1) Cervical (2) Thoracic(3) Lumbar (4) Sacral (5) Coccygeal
The number of spinal nerves at each segment correspond to the number ofvertebrae, except what region? - ANSWER Cervical region (contains an extra nerve) Below the CERVICAL region, all spina nerves exit __________ the correspondingvertebrae. - ANSWER Below
*Example: The T1 nerve exits below the T1 vertebrae, but the C5 nerve exitsabove the C5 vertebrae.
Spinal Roots - ANSWER - Responsible for attaching each spinal nerve to thespinal cord
- Consists of a ventral and dorsal component
- Forms from a series of rootlets spanning the length of the spinal cordsegment
Ventral Root of Spinal Nerves - ANSWER - Carries only MOTOR axons
- Attaches the spinal nerve to the spinal cord Dorsal Root of Spinal Nerves - ANSWER - Carries only SENSORY axons
- Attaches the spinal nerve to the spinal cord
[Main Innervation] Cervical Plexus - ANSWER - Phrenic nerve
- Innervates the diaphragm True or False: Damage to the higher cervical muscles (C1-C2) will cause deathat a much higher rate than the lower cervical muscles (C3-C5). - ANSWER True - This is because the cervical plexus forms a structural network of axonsfrom C3-C5, which allows for functional redundancy.
[Origin] Brachial Plexus - ANSWER C4-T1 region [Main Innervation] Brachial Plexus - ANSWER (1) Axillary nerve (2) Radial nerve(3) Musculocutaneous nerve (4) Ulnar nerve (5) Median nerve [Origin] Lumbar Plexus - ANSWER L1-L4 region in the psoas [Main Innervation] Lumbar Plexus - ANSWER (1) Femoral nerve - Thigh (2) Obturator nerve - Medial adductor muscles
[Origin] Sacral Plexus - ANSWER L4-S [Main Innervation] Sacral Plexus - ANSWER Sciatic nerve Dermatomes - ANSWER Mapping of the skin that provides SENSORY input tothe CNS via one pair of spinal nerves
