Apoptosis
Greek: apo = from
ptosis = falling
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Apoptosis - Anesthesia - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biomedical Engineering
Anything you want to know about Anesthesia-- definition, doctor description, symptoms, types, labor condition, pregnancy, spinals, nausea and vomiting, pain management, operative assessment, growth and development, ultrasound guided blocks, neuromuscular relaxants and many other topics are includes in my more than 100 lectures here. Specifically, this lecture teaches you Apoptosis, Pruning, Homeostasis, Execution, History, Method, Immunoblotting
Typology: Slides
2011/2012
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Apoptosis
Greek: apo = from ptosis = falling
What is Apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
Natural pruning process
Adults: 50-70 billion cells/day
Child: 20-30 billion cells/day
In one year’s time, the mass of cells
which proliferate and destruct is equal
to an individual’s weight.
Apoptosis
Maintains Homeostasis
Intrinsic Signals:
Enzyme release in response to stress via
regulatory proteins
Execution
Stimulus received
Controls executed
Organized degradation by proteolytic
caspases
Characteristic morphology of cells
Cells break apart
Phagocytosis by macrophages recycled
Recycled w/o inflammatory response
History
Followed by Drs. Jevtovic-Todorovic,
Olney and others – provided further
evidence of neurotoxicity in developing
rodent brains associated with NMDA
antagonists and GABA agonists --
essentially majority of anesthetics and
sedatives.
Brain Growth Spurt
Synaptogenesis
Highly regulated period of brain
development
Cellular proliferation, differentiation and
neuronal migration to form synapses and
functional neuronal circuits
Method
In vivo:
7-day-old rodents exposed to 8 different
anesthetic gas combinations
Cortical and hippocampal tissues assayed
by immunohistochemistry and
immunoblotting
Method
In vitro:
8 – 9 day-old rodent hippocampal tissue
cultures exposed to 6 different anesthetic
gas combinations
Tissues assayed by immunohistochemistry
Results: Immunohistochemistry (Caspase 3+ cells) Gas In vivo In vitro
- Control 19 ± 6 28 ± 8
- 75% N 2
O 22.5 ± 5.9 39 ± 8
- 75% Xenon 20 ± 10 31 ± 9
- 0.75% Iso 77 ± 11 45 ± 9
- Iso w/35% N 2
O 146 ± 22 --
- Iso w/75% N 2
O 232 ± 20 65 ± 11
- Iso w/30% Xenon 37 ± 6 --
- Iso w/60% Xenon 27 ± 4 30 ± 12
Results: Immunoblotting (In vivo only) Gas Fold Increase
- Air Control
- N 2 O 2.2 x hcytochrome c
- Xenon No change
- 75% Iso 1.8 x hcaspase 3
- n/a --
- Iso w/75% N 2 O 1.9 x hcaspase 9 1.7 x hcytochrome c 2.3 x hcaspase 3
- n/a --
- Iso w/60% Xenon No change