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Applied Behavioral Analysis
An example of covert behavior would be: - Thinking Behavior modification: - Has a broad number of applications Frequency, duration, intensity, and latency are ______ of behavior. - Dimensions Cindy bites her nails but wants to stop. The behavior she wants to change (biting her nails) is called the: - Target behavior Tommy's teacher observes him purposely shove another student. Tommy's observable act of shoving would be an example of: - Overt behavior With training from a behavior analyst, Mark's parents take steps to help him change his behavior of hitting his little brother. The process of developing and implementing techniques to influence behavior is known as: - Modification Behavior is defined as: - What a person says and does Sam gets poor grades in school because he rarely studies. Sam's lack of studying is an example of: - A behavioral deficit An event in the immediate environment that controls a behavior is referred to as: - A controlling variable Which of the following is NOT a step in developing a behavior recording plan? - Applying procedures to change the target behavior If an observation period is divided into a number of time periods, and the behavior is recorded during only part of each interval it is called _____ recording. - Time sample What is the minimally acceptable level of interobserver agreement in research? - 80% Brian's parents are interested in recording his stuttering behavior. They record each instance in which Brian stutters. This is an example of ______ recording. -
Continuous A track coach records how long it takes a sprinter to run 100 meters. The track coach is recording what dimension of behavior? - Duration A teacher records each instance of a student swearing in class. The teacher is recording which dimension of behavior? - Frequency A track coach records the amount of time it takes a sprinter to start running once the gun has been sounded. The coach is recording the dimension of _____. - Latency Which of the following is NOT used in indirect assessment? - Direct observations Which method will NOT reduce reactivity of observation? - Tell the person you are observing his/her behavior A teacher records the number of math homework problems a student has correctly completed in order to determine the student's performance. The teacher is using ______ recording. - Product A teacher wants to develop a behavior recording plan that she intends to use with one of her students? The teacher's first step would be: - Defining the target behavior A parent records how loudly her child screams. The parent is recording the _____ of the screams. - Intensity Matthew frequently hits other children during class. However, he never hits other kids when he knows the teacher is observing him. This is an example of: - Reactivity Which of the following is NOT used in direct assessment? - Questionnaires A behavioral definition: - Describes specific behaviors Jerry wants to improve his studying. He observes and records the times when he studies. Observing and recording your own behavior is called: - Self-monitoring A teacher observes and records instances of misbehavior by a student. This is an example of: - Direct assessment Which of the following can be used as a recording instrument? -
There are ______ components necessary for a graph to be complete. - Six In behavior modification, a research design involves: - Treatment implementation and replication Which of the following is a type of multiple-baseline design? - Across-subjects Which research design does NOT control for the effect of confounding variables? - A-B A teacher records the biting behavior of a child before and after treatment is implemented. This is an example of a(n) ______ design. - A-B In behavior modification, the main way to document behavior changes is through the use of a(n): - Graph In a(n) _______ research design, baseline and treatment conditions are conducted rapid succession and compared to each other. - Alternating-treatments A researcher records the hair pulling behavior of three different children in a classroom and implements treatment at a different time for each child. The researcher is using a(n) ______ design. - multiple-baseline-across-subjects Billy has trouble sitting still in class, so his teacher implements a program in which she praises Billy for staying in his seat. Billy's sitting behavior increases, and the teacher concludes her praise was responsible. The teacher does not realize Billy has started taking medication that causes fatigue. The medication would be an example of a(n) ______ variable. - Extraneous A vertical line on a graph indicating a change in treatment is called a: - Phase line Which of the following is NOT necessary for a graph to be complete? - Behavior change To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures the self- injurious behavior of 3 children, and then gives the drug to the first child after one week. After two weeks of baseline, the third child gets the drug. This is an example of a(n) ______ design. - multiple-baseline-across-subjects In an A-B-A-B design, B refers to ______ and A refers to ______. - Treatment; baseline On a graph ______ is indicated on the Y axis and ______ is indicated on the X axis. -
Behavior, time A researcher is interested in measuring the hitting and screaming behaviors of a child, treating the hitting first, and treating the screaming later. To do this, the researcher would use a(n) ______ design. - Multiple-baseline-across-behaviors Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an A-B design - It demonstrates a functional relationship To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures self- injurious behavior while giving a subject the drug on even numbered days and giving a placebo on odd numbered days for two weeks. This is an example of a(n) ______ design. - Alternating treatments A date point on a graph tells you: - When the behavior was recorded and the level of behavior Which dimension(s) of a behavior can be graphed? - frequency, duration, intensity In behavior modification, a research design is used to: - Determine if the treatment changed the behavior What research design is referred to as a reversal design? - A-B-A-B What should be taken into account before using an A-B-A-B design? - -Is it ethical to remove treatment -Can treatment be removed -Will the level of behavior reverse (all of these) A critical feature of multiple-baseline designs is that: - Baselines differ in length and treatment is staggered over time The research design in which there are increasing (or decreasing) goal levels for the target behavior is referred to as a(n) _______ design. - Changing-criterion Zach comes home past his curfew and is yelled at by his parents. If, as a result of being yelled at, Zach never comes home late again it would be an example of ____________. - Positive punishment In behavior modification, negative punishment involves removal of a reinforcer that: - The person has already acquired Which of the following can become a conditional punisher? - -The word "no" -Threats
Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost both: - Involve the loss of access to reinforcers If a stimulus needs to be paired with an established punisher in order to function as a punisher it is referred to as a(n): - Conditioned punisher If following the behavior, the reinforcer that was maintaining the behavior is removed and the behavior decreases it is called ____________. If a positive reinforcer the person had already acquired is removed following the behavior and the behavior decreases it is called ____________. - Extinction; negative punishment Individual differences in the effectiveness of punishment refers to the fact that: - Punishers vary from person to person In behavior modification, if a stimulus is presented following the behavior and it influences the future probability of the behavior, the process is either ______ or ______. - Positive reinforcement; positive punishment Which of the following may function as motivating operation? - -Deprivation -Satiation -Instructions (all of these) A consequence can be considered a punisher if the: - Behavior decreases in the future If a behavior occurs and it is immediately followed by a consequence that makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future it is called: - Punishment Which of the following factors influences the effectiveness of punishment? - Immediacy, contingency, motivating operations The principles of reinforcement and punishment are alike in that: - Behavior is followed by a consequence and the consequence influences future behavior Nikki interrupts her parents when they are talking and her parents scold her and explain why interrupting is rude. As a result, Nikki continues to interrupt her parents when they are talking. This is an example of: - Positive reinforcement Sam skips school so that he can play video games at the arcade. Sam's parents find him there and make him mow the lawn when they get home. As a result of having to mow the lawn, Sam doesn't skip school to go to the arcade anymore. Having to do something he dislikes as punisher for the problem behavior is an example of: - The Premack Principle
Whenever Tommy hits his little brother, he loses his television privileges. Tommy never loses his television privileges for any other behavior. This is an example of a(an) ____________ existing between hitting his little brother and losing his television privileges. - Contingency
