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ARDMS ECHO PRACTICE EXAM 2026– 2027
EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
All of the following will cause aortic dilatation EXCEPT^ ANSWERS
a. Marfan's Syndrome b. Systemic hypertension c. Type I dissection d. Pulmonary hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER d An M-mode of a mitral heterograft valve resembles an M- mode of which valve? a.Mitral b. Pulmonic c. Aortic d. Tricuspid - CORRECT ANSWER c If a patient has Starr-Edwards valve in both the mitral and aorticpositions, mitral regurgitation might be best detected from which window? a. Subcostal b. Left parasternal c. Apical d. Suprasternal - CORRECT ANSWER a
When using M-mode to interrogate a Starr-Edwards mitral valve which window could you use? a. Apical b. Suprasternal c. d. ParasternalSubcostal - CORRECT ANSWER a
All of the following are etiologies for valvular endocarditis EXCEPT: a. Marantic b. Pulmonary hypertension c. IV drug abuse d. Post cardiac surgery - CORRECT ANSWER b In endocarditis the vegetations usually attach on: a. Abnormal leaflets only b. The down-stream side of the valve c. The flow side of the valve d. Only one leaflet - CORRECT ANSWER c All of the following are examples of mechanical cardiac valves EXCEPT: a. Bjork-Shiley tilting disk b. Hancock
a. Intravenous drug abuse b. Coronary artery disease c. Previous history of endocarditis d. Prosthetic mitral valve - CORRECT ANSWER b High risk patients for infective endocarditis include those with: a. Intravenous drug abuse b. High blood pressure c. High cholesterol d. Coronary artery disease - CORRECT ANSWER a In normal development which is the first to close? a. Ductus arteriosus b. Foramen ovale c. Ventricular septal defect d. Atrial septal defect - CORRECT ANSWER a To perform continuous wave Doppler using a PEDOFF probe how manyPiezoelectric crystals are required? a.Two b. c. Sixty-fourFour
d. One hundred and twenty-eight One - CORRECT ANSWER a The left ventricular diastolic pressure is comparable to which of the following pressures? a. Right ventricular diastolic b. Right ventricular systolic c. Aortic systolic d. Mean left atrial - CORRECT ANSWER d The anterior and apical wall of the left ventricle is supplied by whichcoronary artery? a. Right coronary artery b. Acute marginal c. Left anterior descending d. Left circumflex - CORRECT ANSWER c All of the following are frequencies used in adult chest wall echocardiograms EXCEPT: a. 3.5 MHz b. 2.5 MHz c. 4.5 MHz d. 6.0 MHz e. 2.0 MHz - CORRECT ANSWER d
b. Placement of the cursor on the 2D image c. Spectral display in comparison to the EKG d. Size of the Doppler gate - CORRECT ANSWER c Externally where is the left anterior descending coronary artery found? a. Anterior interventricular sulcus b. Posterior interventricular sulcus c. Anterior coronary sinus d. Atrioventricular sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER a A prominent Eustachian valve is seen in the right atrium, the Eustachianvalve is: a. A portion of the atrial septum which is patent before birth and doesnot fuse after delivery b. Normal valve of the superior vena cava commonly seen in thesubcostal view c. A normal valve of the inferior vena cava commonly seen in thesubcostal view d. A normal valve of the coronary sinus seen in a parasternal short axis - CORRECT ANSWER c
Which embryonic aortic arch develops into the transverse arch" a. First
b. Fifth c. Third d. Fourth e. Second - CORRECT ANSWER d From the left parasternal position which of the following are you mostlikely to get accurate velocity measurements? a. Pulmonary artery b. Aortic stenosis c. Left ventricular outflow tract d. Mitral regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER a The first heart sound involves the: a. Atrioventricular valves b. Tricuspid and pulmonic valve c. Mitral and aortic valves d. Bicuspid valves e. Semilunar valves - CORRECT ANSWER a A patient who has a higher blood pressure in the right atrium than the left may have: a. Aortic insufficiency b. Hypoplastic left heart
d. Apical four chamber view, suprasternal notch and right sternal border- CORRECT ANSWER b
Surgically what happens during a Mustard procedure? a. The SVC is connected to the right pulmonary artery b. Baffles at the atrial level redirect blood flow into the ventricles c. A valve conduit is positioned between the RV and the pulmonaryartery d. The right ventricle is connected to the pulmonary via a conduit - CORRECT ANSWER b
The major development of the heart is complete by the end of week: a. Ten b. Four c. Seven d. Three - CORRECT ANSWER c Patients develop Eisenmenger's syndrome because: a. They have a ventricular septal defect b. Pulmonary pressures now exceed systemic c. Systemic pressures now exceed pulmonary d. Tricuspid regurgitation is now severe - CORRECT ANSWER b
The hemodynamic effect of an atrial septal defect depends on all of thefollowing EXCEPT: a. Degree of aortic regurgitation b. Response of the pulmonary vascular bed c. Compliance of the ventricles d. Size and direction of the shunt - CORRECT ANSWER a The most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease is: a. Coarctation of the aorta b. Tetralogy of Fallot c. Pulmonary stenosis d. Atrial septal defects - CORRECT ANSWER b Which of the following statements are true about tetralogy of fallotdefects? a. Has an atrial septal defect b. Pulmonary stenosis is valvular c. VSD with R to L shunting d. Made up of five defects - CORRECT ANSWER c If a large patent ductus arteriosus is not corrected what might develop? a. b. Pericardial effusionEisenmenger syndrome
All of the following are echo findings for pulmonary hypertensionEXCEPT: a. Dilated right ventricle b. Dilated left atrium c. Flattening of the interventricular septum d. Right ventricular hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER b Patients with Ebstein's anomaly often have an associated congenitalabnormality. Which is the most common one? a. Primum atrial septal defect b. Secundum atrial septal defect c. Perimembanous ventricular septal defect d. Membranous ventricular septal defect - CORRECT ANSWER b Peripheral (saline) contrast is NOT useful in: a. Atrial septal defects b. Tricuspid regurgitation c. Ventricular septal defects d. Aortic regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER d In patients that develop Eisenmengers syndrome what happens? a. Spontaneous closure of the shunt b. The shunt reverses direction and is not L to R
c. The shunt reverses direction and is R to L d. The shunt suddenly becomes worse - CORRECT ANSWER c A 3 year old patient comes in to the echo lab with a murmur, what is most likely the etiology? a. Patent ductus arteriosus b. Atrial septal defect c. Ventricular septal defect - CORRECT ANSWER c Given tricuspid regurgitation with a 64 mmHg gradient, the severity of pulmonary hypertension is: a. None b. Moderate c. Severe d. Mild - CORRECT ANSWER c The communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that may persist after birth is called: a. Patent foramen ovale b. Persistent fetal circulation c. Persistent ductus arteriosus d. Patent ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER d
b. Right atrial mass c. Pericardial effusion d. Left atrial mass - CORRECT ANSWER c One of the most common complications of myocardial infarction is: a. Mitral valve rupture b. Aneurysm formation c. Outflow tract obstruction d. Aortic insufficiency - CORRECT ANSWER b In the majority of human hearts the posterior descending artery is a branch of which coronary artery? a. Anterior descending b. Right c. Circumflex d. Left - CORRECT ANSWER b A 52 year old woman develops a systolic murmur after a myocardialinfarction. What is the most likely etiology? a. Ruptured papillary muscle b. Pseudoaneurysm c. Pericarditis d. Ventricular septal defect - CORRECT ANSWER d
The lateral ventricular wall of the apical 4 chamber view is fed by which coronary artery a. Left first marginal b. Right coronary artery c. Left circumflex d. Left anterior descending - CORRECT ANSWER c Children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop what type of cardiac tumors? a. Rhabdomyomas b. Rhabdomyosarcomas c. Right atrial myxomas d. Left atrial myxomas - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following is a complication of a myocardial infarction? a. Pericardial effusion b. c. Atrial septal defectStroke d. Headache - CORRECT ANSWER a What type of myocardial infarction causes papillary muscle rupture? a. Inferior
Which coronary artery supplies the interatrial septum? a. Circumflex coronary artery b. Left anterior descending c. Right coronary d. Left main coronary - CORRECT ANSWER c During a stress echocardiogram only one of these left ventricularsegments can be seen in the apical two chamber view: a. Apical-septal b. Basal-septal c. Mid-anteroseptal d. Mid-anterior - CORRECT ANSWER d What would you look for in a patient with Kawasaki disease? a. Dilated cardiomyopathy b. Coronary artery aneurysms c. Left atrial mass d. Atrial septal defect e. Pericardial effusion - CORRECT ANSWER b When performing an echocardiogram on a patient with known heartfailure you should pay particular attention on all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Diastolic function b. QP/QS evaluation c. Chamber size d. Chamber function - CORRECT ANSWER b What would you look for in a patient with Kawasaki disease? a. Dilated cardiomyopathy b. Coronary artery aneurysms c. Left atrial mass d. Atrial septal defect e. Pericardial effusion - CORRECT ANSWER b Which of the following is a normal response to stress? a. Increased diastolic cavity b. Decreased heart rate c. Decreased systolic cavity size d. Hypodynamic wall motion e. Systolic wall thinning - CORRECT ANSWER c A pericardial effusion can often be seen in patients with: a. b. Renal failureAortic stenosis
