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ARDMS (RVT) ULTRASOUND VASCULAR REGISTRY REVIEW
Typology: Exams
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What is the first branch of the aortic arch? - ANSWER - >Innominate artery/ Brachiocephalic Name the three branches of the aortic arch? - ANSWER - >a. Innominate artery/ Brachiocephalic b. Lt CCA c. Lt Subclavian artery The radial artery runs on what side of the forearm? - ANSWER - >Lateral side The radial artery branches to form what part of the palmar arch? - ANSWER - >Superficial palmar arch
Where does the radial artery terminate? (Just remember that the ulnar branch and termination is opposite of the radial artery) - ANSWER - >Terminates in the deep palmar arch What vessel is the predominate source of blood flow to the hand come from? - ANSWER - >Ulnar artery The Deep Palmar arch is a branch of the? - ANSWER - >Ulnar artery What are the three branches of the celiac trunk? - ANSWER - >a. Left Gastric artery b. Splenic artery c. Common Hepatic artery What organs does the celiac trunk supply? - ANSWER - >Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, & Duodenum
What are the most distal branches of the aorta that supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs? - ANSWER - >Common Iliac Arteries (CIA) What vessel is also referred to as the Hypogastric artery?
What is another name for the deep femoral artery? - ANSWER - >Profunda Femoris What is the region called where the SFA terminates and the popliteal artery begins? - ANSWER - >Adductor Hiatus What 3 branches is sometimes known as the trifurcation?
Arteries progressively decrease in size from the largest being __ and the smallest being ___? - ANSWER - >A. Largest = Aorta B. Smallest = Arterioles Arterioles are considered what type of vessels and assist in regulating what? - ANSWER - >a. Arterioles are considered resistance vessels b. They assist in regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation. Where does the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissue take place? - ANSWER - >Capillaries What is the inner thin layer of the arterial wall called? - ANSWER - >Tunica intima, which consists of smooth endothelium and connective tissue
What layer of the arterial wall is thickest and made up largely of elastic type of smooth mucsle and connective tissue? - ANSWER - >Tunica media / intermediate layer Which layer of the arterial wall is made up of fibrous connective tissue? - ANSWER - >Tunica externa / outer layer (adventitia) What layer of the arterial wall contains the vasa vasorum? What is the vasa vasorum? - ANSWER - >The vasa vasorum tiny vessels found in the adventitial layer of the arterial wall, that carry blood to the walls of the largest arteries. Proximal to aortic arch, what are the first branches of the ascending aorta? - ANSWER - >Coronary Arteries
Where is pressure greatest in the arterial system? - ANSWER - >Pressure is greatest at the heart, gradually decreasing as blood moves further away. What 2 things is required for movement of any fluid medium between 2 points? - ANSWER - >1. Pathway for fluid to flow
What type of energy is stored energy and is the major form of energy for circulation of blood? - ANSWER - >Pressure (Potential) Energy, measured in mmHg. What form of energy id equivlent to the weight of the column of blood extending from the heart to the level where pressure is measured? - ANSWER - >Gravitational energy or Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) What is the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity? - ANSWER - >Inertia What 2 things affect the movement of fluid? - ANSWER - >1. Physcial properties of the fluid
Whose equation define the relationship between: pressure, resistance, and volume flow? - ANSWER - >Poiseulle's Equation: Q = P/R ; it helps answer the question of how much fluid moves through a vessel What can occur due to geometry change with or without intra-luminal disease and becuase of curves in vessels? - ANSWER - >Pressure gradients (Flow separation), they occur in areas with stagnant or little movement. What predicts when fluid becomes unstable? - ANSWER - >Reynolds Number (Re)- >2000 is the point when laminar (stable) flow turns into turbulent (disturbed) flow In a rigid tube, energy losses are mainly viscous; this can be described by whose principles? - ANSWER - >Poiseuille's equation
What kind of flow feeds dilated vascular beds like: ICA, vertebral, renal, celiac, splenic, hepatic? - ANSWER - >Low resistance flow, which is continous (steady) flow What is one visible sign that you can differentiate a low resistant waveform from a high resistant waveform? - ANSWER - >The reversal of flow seen in high resistant waveforms. As the inflow pressure falls as a result of stenosis, what is the natural response of the periphery vessels? Vasodilate or vasoconstrict? - ANSWER - >Vasodilate Exercise should induce peripheral vasodilation, which does what to the distal peripheral resistance? Raise or Lowers? - ANSWER - >Lowers the peripheral resistance, increasing blood flow.
>Slow flow is near vessel walls, with the fastest flow in the centerstream What 2 things are reduced in a significant stenosis? - ANSWER - >Volume flow and Pressure are both significantly reducted At what point in a stenosis is the flow frequencies dampened, with or without disturbance? - ANSWER - >Proximal to a stenosis At what point in a stenosis is spectral broadening and elevated velocities seen? - ANSWER - >Entering the stenosis, with the high velocity at the narrowest part of the stenosis.
At what point in a stenosis is flow reversals, flow separation, and vortices / eddy currents seen? - ANSWER
Name a few areas where palpable pulses can be felt. - ANSWER - >Aorta, femoral, popliteal, DPA, PTA What is most common arterial pathology? - ANSWER - >Thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity of the artery wall What syndrome occurs in males and is caused by obstruction of the aorta, resulting in fatigue in the hips, thighs, and calves during exercise, absense of femoral pulse, and impotence? - ANSWER - >Leriche Syndrome What are 2 examples of types of true aneurysms? - ANSWER - >1. Fusiform
What is most common location for a true aneurysm? - ANSWER - >Infrarenal What are the 2 most frequent complications of Aneursyms? - ANSWER - >1. Rupture of the aortic aneursym
