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Jury Fairness: An Analysis of Jury Decision-Making Processes in the UK, Study notes of Criminal Justice

Edinburgh Napier UniversityCriminal Justice

This research study explores various aspects of jury fairness in the uk for the first time, focusing on issues such as discrimination against bme defendants, racial stereotyping, and understanding of legal directions. The study employed a multi-method approach, including case simulations, large-scale analysis of jury verdicts, and post-verdict surveys of jurors.

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!‘Are$juries$fair?’!
Cheryl!Thomas!
Ministry!of!Justice!Research!Series!1/10!
February!2010!
!
!
$
$
$
$
THE$STUDY$
This!research!asks:!How!fair!is!the!jury!decisionDmaking!process?!!
It!explores!a!number!of!aspects!of!jury!fairness!for!the!first!time!in!this!country,!and!
asks!specifically:!
•Do!allDWhite!juries!discriminate!against!BME!defendants?!!
•Do!jurors!racially!stereotype!defendants?!!
•Do!juries!at!certain!courts!rarely!convict?!!
•Do!juries!rarely!convict!on!certain!offences?!
•Do!jurors!understand!legal!directions?!!
•Do!jurors!know!what!to!do!about!improper!conduct!in!the!jury!room?!!
•Are!jurors!aware!of!media!coverage!of!their!cases?!
•How!is!the!internet!affecting!jury!trials?!
!
The!research!used!a!multiDmethod!approach!to!examine!these!issues:!!
•Case!simulation!with!real!juries!at!Crown!Courts!(involving!797!jurors!on!68!
juries);!!
•
LargeDscale!analysis!of!all!actual!jury!verdicts!in!2006–08!(over!68,000!verdicts);!!
•PostDverdict!survey!of!jurors!(668!jurors!in!62!cases).!
FINDINGS$
The!study!found!little!evidence!that!juries!are!not!fair.!However,!it!
identifies!several!areas!where!the!criminal!justice!system!should!better!
assist!jurors!in!performing!this!vital!role.!The!study!also!demonstrates!
that!section!8!of!the!Contempt!of!Court!Act!1981!does!not!prevent!
comprehensive!research!about!how!juries!reach!their!verdicts!and!that!
research!from!other!jurisdictions!should!not!be!relied!upon!to!understand!
juries!in!this!country.!
!
Examples!of!specific!findings!are!detailed!below.!
pf3

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!‘ Are$juries$fair?’!

Cheryl!Thomas!

Ministry!of!Justice!Research!Series!1/10!

February!2010!

THE$STUDY$

This!research!asks:!How!fair!is!the!jury!decisionDmaking!process?!! It!explores!a!number!of!aspects!of!jury!fairness!for!the!first!time!in!this!country,!and! asks!specifically:!

  • Do!allDWhite!juries!discriminate!against!BME!defendants?!!
  • Do!jurors!racially!stereotype!defendants?!!
  • Do!juries!at!certain!courts!rarely!convict?!!
  • Do!juries!rarely!convict!on!certain!offences?!
  • Do!jurors!understand!legal!directions?!!
  • Do!jurors!know!what!to!do!about!improper!conduct!in!the!jury!room?!!
  • Are!jurors!aware!of!media!coverage!of!their!cases?!
  • How!is!the!internet!affecting!jury!trials?! ! The!research!used!a!multiDmethod!approach!to!examine!these!issues:!!
  • Case!simulation!with!real!juries!at!Crown!Courts!(involving!797!jurors!on!68! juries);!!
  • LargeDscale!analysis!of!all!actual!jury!verdicts!in!2006–08!(over!68,000!verdicts);!!
  • PostDverdict!survey!of!jurors!(668!jurors!in!62!cases).!

FINDINGS$

The!study!found!little!evidence!that!juries!are!not!fair.!However,!it! identifies!several!areas!where!the!criminal!justice!system!should!better! assist!jurors!in!performing!this!vital!role.!The!study!also!demonstrates! that!section!8!of!the!Contempt!of!Court!Act!1981!does!not!prevent! comprehensive!research!about!how!juries!reach!their!verdicts!and!that! research!from!other!jurisdictions!should!not!be!relied!upon!to!understand! juries!in!this!country.! ! Examples!of!specific!findings!are!detailed!below.!

QUESTION:$ Do!juries!reach!verdicts? $

FINDING:$ Jurors!reach!verdicts!in!99.4%!of!cases.!

QUESTION: !Do!allDWhite!juries!discriminate!against!BME!

defendants?!!

FINDING: !Where!juries!reached!a!verdict!they!were!not!more!likely!

to!convict!a!BME!defendant!than!a!White!defendant.!This!applied!to!

both!the!Black!defendant!and!the!Asian!defendant.!!

Jury$convictions$in$Crown$Courts$2006K08$

Hung! Guilty! Not!guilty! 2! 1! 1! 5! 4! 3!^ 4!

6! (^) Hung!Jury! Not!Guilty!Verdict! Guilty!Verdict! Jury$verdicts$in$case$simulation$by$defendant$ethnicity$