Aristo Science 1A Assignment Book, Cheat Sheet of Earth science

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1.1 Learning about science

SECTIONAL EXERCISE

A. True or false (4 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. The study of the cause of flu is related to medicine. 2. Scientific discoveries and inventions are always good for humans. 3. Renewable resources can be replenished continuously in Nature. 4. The problem of war can be solved using scientific knowledge.

B. Fill in the blanks (5 marks)

1. The study of phenomena and events in Nature through systematic (a) and (b) is called science. The people who work in science are called (c). 2. Scientific such as computers and smartphones have greatly improved the quality of our lives. 3. Besides scientific inventions, scientists have made many scientific , for example, the fact that the Earth is a sphere.

C. Multiple-choice (5 marks)

Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered by science? A. Why does an apple fall to the ground? B. Can we live on Mars? C. How can we make a good friend? D. When will fossil fuels be exhausted? efer to Textbook p.4– T F T F C observation experimentation scientists inventions discoveries

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The branches of science

Total Score : / 23

D. Questions (9 marks)

1. Name the branch of science related to each question below. (6 marks) Why can a ship float in water? (d) Are corals plants or animals? (e) What is the inside structure of the Earth? (a) Why does an apple turn brown when it is cut open? (b) Why are some stars brighter than the others? (c) How can we treat AIDs? (f) 2. A self-driving car is a new technology that has been developed in recent years. It has sensors , radar , GPS , etc. After getting in the car, the ‘driver’ can simply pick a destination and then he/she can sit back, relax and let the car handle all the driving and even parking. STEM coral 珊瑚 sensor 感應器 radar 雷達 GPS 全球定位系統 What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-driving cars? Write A if it is an advantage and D if it is a disadvantage. (3 marks) (i) Fewer traffic accidents (ii) Very expensive (iii) May cause traffic congestion (iv) Fewer driving errors (v) Easy for parking (vi) Loss of privacy as your movements can be tracked congestion 擠塞 Geology (1m) Physics (1m) Chemistry (1m) Biology (1m) (0.5m each) Astronomy (1m) Medicine (1m) A D D A A D

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1.2 Practice of science

A. True or false (3 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. All scientific investigations involve designing and doing experiments. 2. Model building is a type of scientific investigation. 3. In a fair test, the variable that we are going to change is called the dependent variable.

B. Fill in the blanks (6 marks)

1. The steps in a scientific investigation are shown below: efer to Textbook p.16– 2. is a type of scientific investigation which involves comparing the similarities and differences between objects, and sorting them into groups. 3. In science, can represent objects that are too small or too big to see. They are usually used to show the structures of objects.

C. Multiple-choice (7 marks)

Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. When experimental results do not support the hypothesis, scientists will first A. slightly modify the results to make them support the hypothesis. B. repeat the experiment to make sure there are no mistakes in the procedure. C. form a new hypothesis and design another experiment. D. copy other scientists’ results. (a) Analyse Form a (b) Draw a (d) Design and do (c) Observe (^) hypothesis experiments conclusion Classifying models F T F B independent (Some scientific investigations only involve classifying, pattern seeking, model building, etc.)

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okra 秋葵 cholesterol 膽固醇 Directions: Questions 5 to 7 refer to the following description about performing a fair test with okra. Okra is said to help reduce the blood cholesterol level. A doctor carries out a fair test to find out whether okra has such effect. He finds two groups of people with high blood cholesterol levels. One group have okra in their meals every day, and the other group without okra.

5. Which of the following is the independent variable in this fair test? A. Age of the people B. Gender of the people C. Whether there is okra in their meals D. The blood cholesterol levels of the people 6. At the end of the fair test, what should the doctor measure? A. The amounts of okra the people eat B. The sizes of okra the people eat C. The number of people in each group D. The blood cholesterol levels of the people 7. Why does the doctor carry out the test with two groups of people instead of two people? (1) This allows the people to communicate how to eat the okra. (2) This can reduce errors due to individual differences. (3) The result will be more reliable. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) gender 性別 D C C

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Total Score : / 20

D. Questions (4 marks)

1. The screens of smartphones often break when the smartphones are accidentally dropped onto the ground. Tom is curious about which brand of smartphone has a more impact-resistant screen. He collects different brands of smartphones and performs a test: (a) Write down the independent variable (the only variable that is changed) and dependent variable (the variable to be measured) in Tom’s test. (2 marks) Independent variable: Dependent variable: (b) Give TWO reasons why Tom’s test is unfair. (2 marks) He throws the smartphones one by one to the sky and let them drop onto the ground. Therefore, - the each smartphone reaches before dropping is different. - the at which each smartphone hits the ground is different. Step 1: He throws the smartphone one by one up to the sky and let it drop onto the ground. Step 2: He observes and compares the levels of damage of the screens. impact-resistant 防撞的 brands of smartphones (1m) level of damage of the screens (1m) height (1m) angle/direction (1m)

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3. Which of the following experiments should be carried out in a fume cupboard? A. Mixing water with alcohol B. Handling corrosive chemicals C. Heating a test tube of water D. Observing a burning candle 4. If chemicals accidentally get into the eyes when we are doing an experiment, we should A. keep calm and continue the experiment. B. ask a classmate to get a bottle of eye drop for you. C. find a first-aid box and look for suitable medicine. D. wash the eyes with the distilled water from an eye wash bottle. 5. Which of the following is NOT a condition for a fire to start? (1) Dryness (2) High temperature (3) Fuel (4) Oxygen A. (1) only B. (2) only C. ( 1 ) and (3) only D. ( 1 ) and ( 4 ) only

C. Questions (13 marks)

1. As shown below, Amy and Kate are heating a liquid in the laboratory. (a) Amy and Kate make THREE mistakes in the experiment. Circle the mistakes. (3 marks) Amy Kate D B A (1m each)

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(b) Amy accidentally touches the boiling tube and gets a heat burn on her fingers. She drops the boiling tube on the bench. The boiling tube breaks and the water inside splashes over the bench. (i) To treat the heat burn, what should Amy do immediately? (1 mark) She should place her fingers (ii) Describe how Kate should handle the accident. (3 marks)

_- She should keep calm and

• She should with a brush_ carefully and dispose of them in a 2. The steps of using a fire extinguisher are listed below. Arrange them in the correct order. (4 marks) (a) Squeeze the handle. (b) Aim at the lowest part of the fire. (c) Sweep from side to side until the fire is put out. (d) Pull the safety pin. Correct order:    3. A child played with a fuel lighter and accidentally burned his clothes. His father wrapped him in a wet blanket at once and the fire was put out. The child was sent to hospital afterwards. Briefly explain how the fire was put out using a wet blanket. (2 marks) The wet blanket of the burning clothes and stops the supply to the fire. Total Score : / 23 (d) (b) (a) (c) (4m) under slow running water. (1m) tell her teacher immediately. (1m) lowers the temperature (1m) oxygen (1m) ‘broken glass’ container. (1m) clean up the broken pieces of glass (1m)

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A F D E K J I H G M L T (^) U Q R S P O N B C

C. Questions (29 marks)

1. The diagram below shows some laboratory apparatus and safety equipment. (a) Name each laboratory apparatus and equipment. (21 marks) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U (b) The table below lists the uses of some of the above apparatus and equipment. Complete the table with suitable letters. The first one has been done for you as an example. (4 marks) Use Apparatus/Equipment To transfer a small amount of liquid D To heat substances To hold hot objects To hold a test tube when heating To protect your eyes measuring cylinder (1m) dropper (1m) beaker (1m) Bunsen burner (1m) test tube rack (1m) watch glass (1m) safety goggles (1m) funnel (1m) glass rod (1m) wire gauze (1m) heat-proof mat (1m) tongs (1m) evaporating dish (1m) first-aid box (1m) conical flask (1m) reagent bottle (1m) tripod (1m) test tube (1m) test tube holder (1m) gas jar (1m) fire extinguisher (1m) J (1m) N (1m) S (1m) O (1m)

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(c) Draw the vertical section diagram of each apparatus below. (4 marks) Apparatus Vertical section diagram

A. Fill in the blanks (6 marks)

1. We use a (a) to measure the volume of a liquid. To take an accurate reading, our eyes should be at the same level as the bottom of the (b). 2. In the laboratory, we usually use a to measure the mass of an object. 3. We can use a (a) to measure temperature. We can also measure temperature with a temperature sensor connected to a (b) Temperature is usually measured in (c) (°C). efer to Textbook p.42–

1.5 Using measuring instruments

Total Score : / 35 measuring cylinder data-logger degrees Celsius meniscus thermometer balance (1m each)

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5. The apparatus shown in the photo is a A. lever balance. B. triple beam balance. C. top pan balance. D. spring balance. 6. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct way to measure the temperature of the liquid with a thermometer? A. B. C. D. 7. Temperature can be measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The photo below shows a thermometer with both scales. Fahrenheit 華氏 When the temperature is 0 °C, the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit will be A. –18 °F. B. 25 °F. C. 32 °F. D. 80 °F. C C B

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C. Questions (14 marks)

30 20 70 60

1. (a) Draw a meniscus to represent the given volume. (1 mark) (b) Draw a liquid column to represent the given temperature. (1 mark) Volume = 27 cm^3 Temperature = 38 °C 2. A student measures the volume of a stone using the method shown below. displacement can cm^3 20 10 cm^3 20 10 stone water lower the stone into the displacement can (a) What is the volume of the stone? (1 mark) (b) When taking the reading, the student should place the measuring cylinder on the bench, instead of holding it in his/her hands. Briefly explain why. (3 marks) The student can take a more (i) reading by placing the measuring cylinder on the bench or any other (ii) surface, because it is easier for him/her to read the bottom of the (iii). measuring cylinder thermometer accurate (1m) Correct meniscus (1m) Correct liquid column (1m) flat (1m) meniscus (1m) 16 cm^3 – 7 cm^3 = 9 cm^3 (1m)

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1.6 Basic practical skills

A. True or false (4 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. To save chemicals, excess unused solution should be poured back into the reagent bottle. 2. We should close the air hole before lighting the Bunsen burner. 3. The non-luminous flame is hotter than the luminous flame. 4. If strike back occurs, we should close the air hole of the Bunsen burner immediately.

B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)

Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. When transferring a large amount of solution from a reagent bottle to a boiling tube, A. we can pour it out directly. B. we should use a dropper to transfer it carefully. C. we should ask for teacher’s assistance. D. we should first pour it out into a beaker and then transfer it from the beaker to the boiling tube using a dropper. 2. Which of the following is NOT a correct way to mix solutions? efer to Textbook p.59– A. B. C. D. F T T F A B

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3. The diagrams below show the steps in using a dropper to transfer a solution. A. B. C. D. Which of the following shows the steps in the correct order? A. r  s  p  q B. r  p  s  q C. p  r  s  q D. p  s  r  q 4. When we use a Bunsen burner to heat substances in the laboratory, we should (1) fully open the air hole. (2) wear safety goggles. (3) not touch the chimney. (4) put a heat-proof mat under the Bunsen burner. A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) 5. Which of the following shows the most suitable way to heat a small amount of water in a boiling tube? p q r s squeeze empty test solution^ tube A C B (Swirling during heating can ensure a more uniform heating.)