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Article Analysis: Nurses Napping on the Nightshift Nursing, Southern New Hampshire University IHP-340 Stats-Healthcare Professionals Article Analysis: Nurses Napping on the Nightshift

The primary article analyzed in this paper is titled Napping on the Night Shift: A Two- Hospital Implementation Project by Geiger-Brown et al. (2016). The following sections will explore the purpose of the article, research methods utilized by researchers, key findings from the study, limitations identified within the study, and major conclusions. The primary article will also be compared to a similar article titled Napping During Breaks on Night Shift: Critical Care Nurse Managers’ Perceptions by Edwards et al. (2013). Purpose The purpose of the article was to assess the barriers associated with implementing night- shift naps. Additionally, the article describes the encounters of these nurses who contributed to the study. The research queries included what barriers existed in implementing naps and how effective naps were in reducing workplace sleepiness. The study hypothesized overcoming hurdles to the implementation of nightshift naps can help can reduce workplace sleepiness among nurses who work over night. Identifying barriers will help with the adaptation of naps for applicable nurses on the units. For these to be granted these breaks, management must address potential concerns and benefits of naps for specific nurses. Research Methods The research conducted was observational. Six units were chosen among the two hospitals that were asked to take part in the study. However, napping was employed on two of the six units. These units attempted to have their overnight nurses take a nap of 20 to 30 minutes. Despite cooperation from management on these units, only one unit effectively executed naps on their unit. Nurses were requested to fill-in a “nap experience” questionnaire which detailedmultiple features of the nap and they were also asked to choose a number from the Karolina Sleepiness Scale (KSS) for each nap. Utilizing different tools to conduct the research

Demographics were not collected from participants to protect their confidentiality. The inclusion and exclusion benchmarks for partakers were also outlined in the study. For example, nurses included in the study were those who worked between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m. The research also detailed the criteria if there is inadequate staffing to permit for each night-shift nurseto nap. The research excluded nurses from other shifts. Key Findings The conclusions of the study organized by Geiger-Brown et al. (2016) was limited to one unit. Six units were invited to be a component of the study, however, only two units implemented napping on their units. The managers on the nursing units from three of the four units who did not join did not approve implementing napping in the nurses’ schedule. The fourth unit that did not partake had the manager’s approval but was unable to implement napping because of a storm. Two units agreed to implement napping for three months, but only one unit was successful. The Medical-Surgical unit was the only unit where it was effectively employed. There were 153 naps reported on the unit. The duration of the naps was 30 minutes and it was implemented on the unit for three months. The outcomesindicated the median nap lasted 31 minutes. A majority of nurses (44.2%) who participated described KSS scores ranging between 7 and 9 meaning that they were tiredpreceding to taking the nap (Geiger-Brown et al., 2016). There were 43% of nurses who stated that they napped lightly and another 14% reported that they had a deep sleep (Geiger-Brown et al., 2016). Sleep sluggishness was felt after 1.3% of naps, while after 20.3% of naps nurses felt “a little groggy or sluggish” (Geiger-Brown et al., 2016). Also, at the end of 56.2% of naps nurses describedbeingenergized and alert (Geiger-Brown et al., 2016). Researchers uncovered the existence of barriers when trying to implement naps on units. Limitations of the Study

Despite naps being implemented on two units, only one unit had successfully enacted naps. Therefore, data was limited to only that unit with no groups to compare it with. The study population was hospitals, but the sample was limited to only 6 units between only two hospitals. Researchers needed a greater sample size to improve their understanding of all the impediments that exist with applying this policy in the units. Investigators also stated that another limitation to the study was that naps were assessed as a singular event and the demographics of the nurses were not gathered. Therefore, they were unable to assess other variables. Investigatorsutilized descriptive statistics as a part of their study. A benefit of descriptive statistics is that it “can clarify large volumes of data and there are no uncertainties about the values” (Laerd Statistics, 2018). Descriptive statistics permit data to be compiled and analyzed in a significant way (Laerd Statistics, 2018). Patterns may become apparent when using descriptive statistics (Laerd Statistics, 2018). However, a disadvantage is that it does not allow researchers to draw a conclusion beyond the data being analyzed (Laerd Statistics, 2018). For example, for the data amassed in this study researchers can only draw conclusions for the Medical-Surgical unit that successfully contributedto the study. The study design was limited to a small sample size and was only effectivelyemployed in one unit. Therefore, the data collected from the study cannot apply to the entire population. Conclusions from the Study When comparing this study to another similar study organized by Edwards et al. (2013) titled Napping During Breaks on Night Shift: Critical Care Nurse Managers’ Perceptions comparable barriers were identified. Both articles were similar because they both identified barriers that existed in the healthcare system when it comes to employing naps for night-shift nurses. Both studies also had a limited sample size. The study overseen by Geiger-

The study should also show the efficacy of naps in decreasing mistakes and their impact on increasing the security of both nurses and their patients. References

Edwards, M. P., McMillan, D. E., & Fallis, W. M. (2013). Napping during breaks on night shift: Critical care nurse managers’ perceptions. Dynamics, 24(4), 30–35. Geiger-Brown, J., Sagherian, K., Zhu, S., Wieroniey, M. A., Blair, L., Warren, J.,... Szeles, R. (2016). Napping on the night shift: A two-hospital implementation project. American Journal of Nursing, 116 (5), 26–33. Laerd Statistics. (2018). Faqs - Descriptive and inferential statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/descriptive-inferential-statistics-faqs.php