Anatomy of Articular Joints and Synovial Joint Classification, Slides of Biology

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Articular System

1

JOINTS

▹ Where 2 or more bones connect; makes it possible to move ▹ Classified according to: ▸ Structure (what they are made of) ▸ Function (the type and extent of movement they permit) ▹ Classification of Joints ▸ Fibrous ▸ Cartilaginous ▸ Synovial

Fibrous Joint

▹ Where bones are bound by a tough fibrous tissue ▹ Joints that require strength and stability over range of movement

Cartilaginous Joint

▹ Cushioned by a

layer of cartilage

that joins the bones

together.

▹ Most have some

movement, but

donʼt move far or in

many directions

7 Synovial Joint

Characteristics of Synovial Joints Articular Cartilage Absorbs shock, prevents wear on bone, reduces friction Joint Capsule Synovial membrane and fibrous capsule, encases bone ends in a sleeve Joint Cavity Filled will synovial fluid, acts as a lubricant, decreases friction Bursa Allow skin, tendons and ligaments to glide over one another Ligaments Thick bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone and help thicken and reinforce the joint capsule Periosteum Think coating on exterior of bones which supplies it with blood cells to help with growth / healing

Each table will look up one of the

synovial joints and create a chart

that outlines the type of joint.

Types of Synovial Joints Defining Characteristic of this type of Joint

Type of Movement Examples in the body (be specific)

Pivot Joint

Hinge Joint

Movement is one plane only usually flexion/extension Have convex portion of one bone fitting into concave portion of another Examples: ▹ Ulna/Radius (Elbow) ▹ Ankle ▹ Knee

Saddle Joint Shaped like a saddle - one convex and one concave surface.

Allows movement in two planes Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction

Example: Carpo-metacarpal joint (Movement of thumb)

Pivot Joint

Allows rotation only. A rounded point of bone fits into groove of another. Examples: ▹ Proximal/distal radioulnar joints ▹ Atlantoaxial joint (neck)

Ellipsoid/Condyloid Joint

Allows movement in two planes ▹ Flexion/Extension ▹ Abduction/Adduction Contains a convex surface which articulates with concave elliptical cavity. Similar to ball and socket Examples: ▹ Radiocarpal joint ▹ Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Ligaments

▹ Tough bands of white, fibrous tissue ▹ Attach bone to bone ▹ Avascular ▹ Flexible, non-elastic ▹ Limits movement in undesired direction

Joint-Related Injuries & Disease: Dislocations

Occurs when a bone is displaced from its joint.

Cause: Collisions or falls, and are common in finger and shoulder joints.