Artificial intelligence, Slides of Artificial Intelligence

Download Artificial intelligence and more Slides Artificial Intelligence in PDF only on Docsity!

CST401 ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

MODULE 1

Course Outcome

Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation

Assessment Pattern

Textbook

Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. Artificial

Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd Edition.

Prentice Hall.

SYLLABUS Introduction- What is Artificial Intelligence Foundation of AI History of AI Applications of AI Intelligent Agents- Agents and Environment Good Behaviour The concept of rationality, nature of environment Structure of Agents CO1: Explain the fundamental concepts of intelligent systems and their architecture. (Cognitive Knowledge Level: Understanding) PO1-Engineering Knowledge

What is AI The definitions on the left measure success in terms of fidelity to human performance, the ones on the right measure against an ideal performance measure, called rationality. A system is rational if it does the “right thing,” given what it knows.

Turing Test (Human) judge communicates with a human and a machine over text-only channel, Both human and machine try to act like a human, Judge tries to tell which is which. Numerous variants Loebner prize Current programs nowhere close to passing this ◦ http://www.jabberwacky.com/ ◦ http://turingtrade.org/

Turing Test on unsuspecting judges It is possible to (temporarily) fool humans who do not realize they may be talking to a bot ELIZA program rephrases partner’s statements and questions (~psychotherapist)

Modern variant: AOLiza [fragment from http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/08/29/aoliza.idg/] five: just asking if richard can tell me about some good lobster diving spots thats it if this is a problem then forget iot i dont know whats going on here AOLiza: that is interesting. please continue. five: continue what just ask richard when he gets home about some lobster diving up hat way thats all if you got a problem with it then forget it,this isnt worht it i dont know whats been going on or what bev has told you but i havent done anything to anybody iam the one that got used and dumped AOLiza: tell me more about that. five: about what AOLiza: what do you think? five: therers nothing to tell she us3ed me then got tired of me said i wasnt her type anymore i was possesive and controlling AOLiza: perhaps i already know you were possesive and controlling. five: i was huh you nuts i gave her all the room she wanted never told nhewre what to do or where to go

Thinking humanly: The cognitive modeling approach ➢introspection—trying to catch our own thoughts as they go by ➢psychological experiments—observing a person in action ➢brain imaging—observing the brain in action ➢cognitive science brings together computer models from AI and experimental techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the human mind.

Thinking rationally: The “laws of thought” approach SYLLOGISM: an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, “Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore, Socrates is mortal.” LOGIC: study of laws of thought to govern the operation of the mind not easy to take informal knowledge and state it in the formal terms required by logical notation Even problems with just a few hundred facts can exhaust the computational resources of any computer unless it has some guidance as to which reasoning steps to try first.

REQUIREMENTS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING To enable it to communicate successfully KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION Knowledge representation to store what it knows or hears; AUTMATED REASONING Automated reasoning to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new conclusions MACHINE LEARNING machine learning to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns. COMPUTER VISION Computer vision to perceive objects ROBOTICS Robotics to manipulate objects and move about

How do we measure if Artificial Intelligence is acting like a human? ➢Turing Test ➢The Cognitive Modelling Approach ➢The Law of Thought Approach ➢The Rational Agent Approach