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ASCP CG Certification Practice
Optimal (best) banding quality is achieved for each patient sample by banding: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ one trial slide per patient to ensure BEST quality
In fluorescent microscopy, the exciter and barrier filters used depend on ___? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Stain - because the wavelength for emission can vary per type of fluorescent stain used (i.e. DAPI)
What is a possible reason a metaphase cannot be located when switching from the 40x lens to the 100x oil lens? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ The 100x objective is slightly unscrewed (can occur when cleaning the scope)
What is an action a technologist can take to reduce the risk of repetitve motion injuries when doing analysis on a computer? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Supporting the arm that moves the mouse,
Standing and moving around often, and
alternating hands while operating the computer mouse
What is the correct modal number for a patient with Turner syndrome with an isochromosome Xq? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 46 -- because the isochromosome replaces the normal X, causing Turner syndrome
What should be used on a cultured CVS sample to obtain more slides for analysis?
- Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Trypsin-EDTA -- to remove adherent cells from the flask or coverslip to split into more vessels
EDTA improves tryp's effectiveness (chelating agent)
Cyto studies were ordered on a prenatal patient at 12 weeks gestation after an abnormality was detected via ultrasound. 2 of 15 colonies from seperate primary cultures showed an abnormal cell line of 47,XX,+21. The next step would be to ___? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Report the result as this is a true mosaic case and suggest:
repeating amniocentesis,
repeating a detailed ultrasound, or
request percutaneous umbilical blood sample (PUBS)
24 hours after culture initiation, a single dish from an amniotic fluid turns cloudy. Which cultures should be disposed? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ The single cloudy dish only
What is used to reduce mycoplasma contamination? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ BM cycline
CLIA '88 stipulates that equipment must be recalibrated ____? - Correct Answer
✔️ ✔️ After a major repair to ensure still operational
How should caustic and corrosive chemicals be stored? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Both should be stored in a nonflammable cabinet
What factors would contribute to ALL cultures failing in a CO2 incubator? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Temperature
CO2 level
Humidity level
What is the modal number for a diploid karyotype and an additional CBG negative marker chromosome? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 46
CBG = c-bands achieved with barium with Giemsa stain
CBG negative referrs to not having a centromere, which is crucial to being included in the modal number, so this extra fragment does not have a centromere and is not counted towards the total
What is included when recording the modal number? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Mar - a marker chromosome is included because it has a centromere
What is the BEST way to avoid producing ghost-like, pale chromosomes while staining? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Decrease trypsin time
In order to ensure successful harvest, each new batch of hypotonic solution should be evaluated ____. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ By comparing new hypotonic solution to that already in use
Which cell type would you want to use for long term serial cytogenetic studies? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Fibroblast cells
What is not a necessary (must be added) ingredient which is added to modified medium? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Antibiotics
Chromosome 17q
The morning after being set-up, a single dish of an amniotic fluid culture turns cloudy and appears contaminated. None of the other cultures set-up that day appears contaminated. What should be done first? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Harvest the culture as soon as possible
When the addition of nonhomologous material to the q-arm of chromosome 16 is suspected after G-banding, what banding technique should be used? - Correct
Answer ✔️ ✔️ C-banding
What chromosome is most different between C- and G-banding? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Chromosome 9
What chromosome region does quinacrine and acridine orange dyes stain? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ AT rich DNA
Under an electron microscope, what is observed as a consequence of all banding procedures? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Chromosomal collapse
Case #777 has an uncertain diagnosis after G and C bands. The director suspects satellites are involved with the chrom marker in question. What banding/stain
should be used to confirm satellites are in question? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ NOR banding
What procedure should be performed first if sequential banding is required? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Q-banding
A tech suspects an inversion of chrom 9 with G-banding analysis. What banding technique would confirm this? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ C-banding
What chromosome polymorphisms can be detected with Q-banding? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Y-chrom polymorphisms
Chrom 3 polymorphisms
Poly's of the satellites of acrocentrics
After G-banded analysis, a cyto director suspects chrom 10 has a terminal del. What banding procedure would be MOST helpful in determining if a deletion has occurred? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ FISH
Cytogenetic studies have been requested for a patient with a diagnosis of questionable leukemia. This patient has a low white cell count, circulating myeloblasts, and has received chemotherapy and a blood transfusion. What
NOT 46,XY,fra(X) bc that indicated the presence of another X (= 47 chroms)
The peripheral blood culture of a patient suspected of having CML is 46,XY. In order to rule out the presence of the t(9;22) the following tissue would be cultured next: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Bone marrow
(sometimes, the cancer cells go into circulation blood. The bone marrow will be the origin of the cancer cells)
Twenty-nine out of 30 metaphases are normal in the amniotic fluid culture of a pregnant woman who has a history of multiple miscarriages. One cell has a translocation. What does this signify? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Cultural artifact
(in order to be considered as mosaicism, you have to have more than one cell in 30-cell count, and it needs to be confirmed by skin tissue if possible)
A Cri-du-chat patient has a chromosome abnormality of: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ r(5)(p15.1q35)
(this ring chromosome is missing the tip end of 5p and the tip end of 5q. Deletion of 5p15 is cri-du-chat syndrome)
When an abnormal cell is detected in an in situ culture all of the following should be considered to rule out pseudomosaicism: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️
Confirm the abnormality in other cells in the colony.
Confirm the abnormality in another culture.
Confirm the abnormality in other colonies on the same coverslip.
The optimal objective lens for capturing chromosome images is ___. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Planapochromatic
(this lens is corrected for the both color and spherical aboration)
When photographing a met, what is the BEST type of objective to use to get the best result? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ PlanApo 100/1.4 Oil 160/0.
Planoapochromatic (color and curve correction)
100x magnification
1.4 NA
160mm tube length
0.17 coverslip thickness
Why do printed images look different than they do on a computer screen? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Printers and monitors use diff methods to create a pic including diffs in the basic colors and how they are viewed by the eye
Dynamic range determines the camera's ability to capture: - Correct Answer ✔️
✔️ brightness
The primary image of an object is magnified by: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ the eyepiece
The field and aperture diaphragms are used to control: - Correct Answer ✔️
✔️ the focus of light onto the specimen and control glare
NEVER to control brightness
The magnification of an object is measured by: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ The tube length divided by the focal length of the lens
(i.e.) tube length 160mm and focal length for 10x objective is 16mm
Magnification = 160mm/16mm = 10x magnification
What level of openness in the aperture diaphragm will allow the best resolution?
- Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Completely open
One should not use the aperture diaphragm to: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Control brightness of light
For the imaging of chromosomes, I want the best resolution possible, so I always use: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ An obj lens with an NA of 1.3 to 1.
Koehler illumination should be performed daily to observe chroms under the scope. How does one describe the process of koehler illumination? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ The process of centering the light source and spreading the light uniformly over the field of view
NA can be adjusted through the type of objective being used, so the only part that cannot be actively changed is the wavelenth of light
Why is it necessary to adjust the amount of light after changing the objective lens? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Higher magnification needs more light,
Proper lighting is needed to see specimen detail,
and the lens aperture decreases with higher magnificaction lenses
When reviewing a final karyotype a possible overlapper chromosome is suspected. What is needed to confirm the chrom # of this cell? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ ID # of the patient,
Scope used to capture the cell analyzed, and
the coordinates of the met
A fetus with an increased risk for trisomy 18 would have a serum analytes that is:
- Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ low AFP, low hCG, and low uE
AFP = Alpha feto protein
hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin
uE3 = Unconjugated estriol
Parental chrom analysis would be recommended for these karyotypic abn's: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 46,XX,der(14;21)(q10;q10),+
del(13q)
dup(11q)
50% of cells from an amniotic flask have 92,XXYY and the other 50% have 46,XY. This probably indicated: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Pseudomosaicism
The type of cell analyzed with the CVS direct preparation is: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ cytotrophoblast
Peripheral blood G-band karyotype analysis is requested for all the following: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Multiple malformations seen in a newborn
Mental retardation of unknown etiology
Multiple miscarriages
A technologist wants to stain chromosomes using a banding technique that manifests AT-rich regions on chromosomes. What staining procedure should he use? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ QFQ
What is the purpose of establishing a PHA-stimulated blood culture for a leukemia patient? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ To see if an abnormality is constitutional rather than acquired
What is the purpose of establishing an unstimulated blood culture for a leukemia patient? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ To check for circulating immature cells in the peripheral blood.
All of the following ARE characteristics of the horizontal laminar flow hood? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Protects the culture from contamination
Should not be used with transformed cell lines.
Sterlizes the air entering the hood
This type of culture has a decreased turn around time and allows easier distinction between mosaicism and pseudomosaicism. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️
In situ-amniotic fluid culture
If a laboratory is consistently having problems with poor culture growth, what measures could remedy this situation? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Test for mycoplasma contamination
How would a technologist know when to harvest an in situ amniotic fluid culture?
- Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ The number of colonies present
Monday morning around 2:30, Incubator A ran out of carbon dioxide. What change in the cultures, if any wouldyou expect for the technologists to find at 8:00 am Monday. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ A higher pH
PHA causes: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Causes peak in DNA synthesis at 72 hours
In short term culture the following is true: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Most commercially prepared media is suitable
"Starring-in" is a method of - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Immobilizing the tissue in the culture vessel
A change of 1 pH unit in culture medium is caused by a ________ change in CO concentration. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 10-fold
What are principles behind the culturing of solid tumors? - Correct Answer ✔️
✔️ To generate an expandable cell population which may be used for sequential and long-term experimentation.
